War seizures controversy
Harriman Bank was the main
Wall Street connection for
German companies and the varied U.S. financial interests of
Fritz Thyssen, who had been an early financial backer of the
Nazi party until
1938, but who by
1939 had fled Germany and was bitterly denouncing
Hitler. Business transactions for profit with Nazi Germany were not illegal when Hitler declared war on the United States (December 11, 1941), but, six days after the
attack on Pearl Harbor, President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the
Trading With the Enemy Act after it had been made public that U.S. companies were doing business with the declared enemy of the United States. On
October 20,
1942, the U.S. government ordered the seizure of
Nazi German banking operations in
New York City. President Franklin Roosevelt's Alien Property Custodian,
Leo T. Crowley, signed Vesting Order Number 248 seizing the property of Prescott Bush under the Trading with the Enemy Act. The order, published in obscure government record books and kept out of the news, cited only the
Union Banking Corporation (UBC) connections with Von Thyssen. Fox News has reported that recently declassified material "The 4,000 Union Banking shares owned by the Dutch bank were registered in the names of the seven U.S. directors, according a document signed by Homer Jones, chief of the division of investigation and research of the Office of Alien Property Custodian, a World War II-era agency that no longer exists"
[2].
- E. Roland Harriman--3991 shares (managed and under voting control of Prescott Bush)
- Cornelis Lievense--4 shares (He was the New York banker of the German Nazi Party)
- Harold D. Pennington--1 share (Employed by Prescott Bush at Brown Brothers Harriman)
- Ray Morris--1 share (a business partner of the Bush and Harriman families)
- Prescott S. Bush--1 share (director of UBC, which was co-founded and sponsored by his father-in-law George Walker; senior managing partner for E. Roland Harriman and Averell Harriman)
- H.J. Kouwenhoven--1 share (organised UBC for Von Thyssen, managed UBC in Nazi occupied Netherlands)
- Johann G. Groeninger--1 share (German Industrial Executive, a not unimportant member of the Nazi party)
The Harriman business interests seized under the act in October and November 1942 included:
- Union Banking Corporation (UBC) (for Thyssen and Brown Brothers Harriman). The President of UBC at that time was George Herbert Walker, Prescott Bush's father-in-law. He is the grandfather and great-grandfather of the former and current Presidents Bush.
- Holland-American Trading Corporation (with Harriman)
- the Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation (with Harriman)
- Silesian-American Corporation (this company was partially owned by a German entity; during the war the Germans tried to take full control of Silesian-American. In response to that, the American government seized German owned minority shares in the company, leaving the U.S. partners to carry on the business.)
The assets were held by the government for the duration of the war, then returned afterward. UBC was dissolved in 1951. Prescott Bush was on the board of directors of UBC and held one share in the company. For it, he was reimbursed $1,500,000. These assets were later used to launch Bush family investments in the Texas energy industry.
Toby Rogers has claimed that Bush's connections to Silesian businesses (with Thyssen and Flick) make him complicit with the
mining operations in
Poland which used slave labor out of
Auschwitz, where the
Auschwitz concentration camp was later constructed.
The
New York Herald-Tribune referred to the German industrialist,
Fritz Thyssen, as "Hitler's Angel" and mentioned Bush as an employee of the investment banking firm Thyssen used in the USA. The underlying importance is Hitler's known ideology; intelligent business partners like Bush and Thyssen and Harriman clearly knew who they were doing business with and were willing to do so. Some records in the National Archives, including the Harriman papers, document the continued relationship of Brown Brothers Harriman with Thyssen and some of his German investments up until his 1951 death.
[4] Investigator
John Loftus has said, "As a former federal prosecutor, I would make a case for Prescott Bush, his father-in-law (George Walker) and
Averell Harriman [to be prosecuted] for giving aid and comfort to the enemy. They remained on the boards of these companies knowing that they were of financial benefit to the nation of Germany." Two former slave laborers from Poland have filed suit in London against the
government of the United States and the heirs of Prescott Bush in the amount of $40 billion. A class-action lawsuit filed in the U.S. in 2001 was dismissed based on the principle of state sovereignty.
[5]
(For more information on the Bush family and the arms industry, see
Samuel P. Bush.)