Thanks Alwyn for the nice comment. Right? When I heard of it for the first time I had to choke
Chapter III - Part II Zeit vergeht
The years from 1614 to 1620 are considered the more peaceful years (except for smaller skirmishes) of the Austrian agression of the early 17th cenury. During this time several reforms in military and politics were made.
The historian Gregor Förster describes it as follows :
"With the crushing defeat of the Polish rebels in the battle at Koper did the general status improve but this battle did not, as originally expected, break the will of the citizens. Several 'almost-rebellion' prevented the Austrian armies from pushing toward Königsberg. One important person at this time was the Polish philosopher Stanislaus Leśniewski. With his speech at the Warsaw main square in may 1617 Stanislaus prevented a second rebellion. Though there are not many reliable documents about this speech, the most famous famous version is:
'Przyjaciele plus Bracia, I, one of you, am saddened by the hatred and anger you show here. I cannot deny, I feel the same but this way is not the right one, the one god wills. Because of this, if I ask you all, will you take up arms and fight for your freedom, the answere mustn't be yes! For war and violence, rebellion and revolution does not breed true freedom and peace. I wish this country, our homeland to return to old grateness but rebellion and war does only create a country -, a nation of war and ignorant, mindless people. Our country deserved better, so we have to be better. Words and ideals defeat swords and guns, unity and justice defeats opression and war!' 1
As per the documents, this speech was soon to be known and copied through out whole Poland. This led to stablisation and enabled the many refoms, the Monarchy did. At this point it is important to point out that the actual Monarch, Matthias I. had no more factual power. His minsters, the First Lord Erich von Kornbluth, the Lord Treasurer, Joachin-Christian Albrecht von Starhemberg and the Lord of Military Ferdinand Maria-Steinhart von Österreich-Tschechen took over the control. They fed Matthias I. with false information and whenever the Monarch gave a command, the three men made up stories, that they executed these command (which they never did), to satisfy Matthias I.. It certainly was dangerous. They were almost covered up several times but managed to eliminate every potentional threat. A list, that was found in 1897 revealed how many people they had killed:
'Maria Störchens (1615)
Karl-Heinz von Strachens (1615)
Heinerich von Lassburg (1616)
Anna-Lauda I. Marktgräfin von Klausenburg (1616)
Klaus von Mannenburg (1617)
Maria-Streicher von Mannenburg (1617)
Christopher Bürgler (1617)
Dragov Krypnik (1617)
Franzens von Hohlstein, Lord of the Navy (1618)
Karkyvksis Brakyik (1618)
And 27 more, whose name are not listed.'2
In sptember 1619 had the three men control over almost everything inside the Monarchy. Under their rule several important reforms were made, such as:
Spanish Tercio as standard infantry formation (1616)
Lowering of the Tax rate (1617)
Compulsory Military Service for men between 16 - 20 (1617)
They (especially Starhemberg supported this idea) also introduced general compulsory education in 1618, tough. When in 1619 Ferdinand II. ascended to the throne the 'almost-dictature' nearly ended but it is assumed that the three 'éminences grise' blackmailed the new emperor.
Also it is during these years of ease that the first entry of the famous diary of Matthias Marterstein was written. Up to today it is one of the most pragmatic writings of this time and gives a deep insight into the life of a soldier/citizen at this time. Written down on 20 pieces of paper (several parts are not readable) it documents the author's daily life in irregular intervals. From precise battle description to mundane things, like lists of his lootings. The diary also covers more intimate issues, like the death of his first and only wife, Maria Marterstein (? -1614):
'[...] And I lay down with a girl young a swet for I do not hav a wife to lay down with [sic] [...] a life was taken as sacrifce for others[sic] [...]' (Matthias was probably not too proficient with writing)
Matthias any information the historians have from this time stemmed from Marterstein's diary."
Gregor F., 2004, History of the Habsburgian Monarchy Part III (1599 - 1650), Munich: C.H.BECK)
During the 'break' the Monarchy formed an alliance with Sweden (1618), one of their few allies.
The years of rest ended in 1620. Florian Frey marched with his army towards Königsberg, to conquer Pommern. After they defeated a small Brandenburgian partol, the army began to besiege the city in july 1620.
Notes:
Matthias I. was Archduke of Austria from 1612 - 1619 and emperor of the HRE. From 1608 on he was King of Hungary (known as Matyas the II.)
Ferdinand II. was emperor of the HRE from 1619 until he died (1637), king of Bohemia from 1617 - 1619 (he was driven off) and from 1619 on the Archduke of Austria.
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