Faction - Karamanid Emirate

[Boztorgai_Khan]

all discussions about the KARAMANID EMIRATE go here

[Boztorgai_Khan]

KARAMANID EMIRATE


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Statue depicting Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey declaring Turkish as the official language of the state and all its institutions.

[Boztorgai_Khan]

KARAMANID EMIRATE



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamanid_emirate


Karamanoğlu


Beylik of Karaman or of Karamanoğlu (Karamanoğulları in Turkish plural), also called the Karamanid Dynasty or the Karamanids, was an Anatolian Turkish Beylik state centered in south-central Anatolia, around the present-day Karaman Province. From the 13th century until its fall in 1467, Karamanoğlu was one of the most powerful states in Anatolia. They were the earliest and strongest in the beginning, and second only to the Ottomans later on.

Karamanoğlu Dynasty is also notable by one of its members, Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey, who officially proclaimed the Turkish language as the state language, forbidding, for a time, the use of any other idiom for official purposes.


History

The house of Karamanoğlu can be traced back to ancestors named Hoca Sadeddin and his son Nûre Sufî, who had established Turkish control over the mountainous parts of Cilicia in the first half of the 13th century and to whom the city of Ereğli was given by the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Alâeddin Keykubad I (1219- 1237).

The Karamanoğlu was named after Karaman, the son of an Armenian convert to Islam, who married a daughter of Ala ad-Din Kayqubad I.

After his death, Kerimeddin Karaman Bey took over control of the house. He expanded his land by capturing castles in Ermenek, Mut, Gülnar, Mer, and Silifke. As a reward for this expansion of Seljuk territory, the sultan Kılıç Arslan IV gave Larende (now Karaman in honor of the dynasty) to Karamanoğlu. In the meantime, Bunsuz, brother of Karaman Bey, was chosen as a bodyguard (Candar) for Kılıç Arslan IV. Their power rose as a result of the unification of Turkish clans that had long lived in the mountainous regions of Cilicia with the new Turkish elements transferred there by Alâeddin Keykubad.

Good relations between the Seljuks and the Karamanids did not last. In 1261, on the pretext of supporting Kaykaus I who had fled to Constantinople as a result of the intrigues of the chancellor Pervâne, Karaman Bey and his two brothers, Zeynül-Hac and Bunsuz, marched toward Konya, the capital of Seljuks, with 20,000 men. A combined Seljuk and Mongol army, led by the chancellor Muînüddin Pervâne, defeated the Karamanoğlu army and captured Karaman Bey's two brothers.

After Karaman Bey died in 1262, his older son, Şemseddin Mehmet I, became the head of the house. He immediately negotiated alliances with other Turkmen clans to raise an army against the Seljuks. During the 1276 revolt of Hatıroğlu Şemseddin Bey against Mongol domination in Anatolia, Karamanoğlu also defeated several Mongol-Seljuk armies. In the Battle of Göksu in 1277 in particular, the central power of the Seljuk was dealt a severe blow. Taking advantage of the general confusion, Mehmed Bey captured Konya on 12 May and placed on the throne a pretendant who claimed to be the son of Keykâvus. In the end, however, Mehmed was defeated by Seljuk and Mongol forces the same year, and executed with some of his brothers.

Despite these blows, Karamanoğlu continued to increase their power and influence, largely aided by the Mamluks of Egypt, especially during the reign of Baybars. Karamanoğlu captured Konya on two more occasions in the beginning of the 14th century, but were driven out the first time by emir Chupan, the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia, and the second time by Emir Chupan's son and successor Timurtas. The larger expansion of Karamanoğlu power occurred after the fall of the Ilkhanids. This second expansion also coincided with Karamanoğlu Alâeddin Ali Bey's marriage to Nefise Sultan, the Ottoman sultan Murad I's daughter, marking the first important contact between the two dynasties.

As Ottoman power grew to an expansion into the Balkans, Aleaddin Ali Bey captured the city of Beyşehir which had been an Ottoman city. However, it didn't take much time for the Ottomans to reach Anatolia and march toward Konya, the capital city of Karamanid. A treaty between the two kingdoms was made and peace existed until the reign of Bayezid I.

Timur gave control of the Karamanid lands to Mehmet Bey, the oldest son of Aleaddin Ali Bey. After Bayezid died in 1403, the Ottoman Empire went into a political crisis. During this time, the Ottoman family fell prey to an internecine strife for power. It was an opportunity not only for Karamanoğlu, but also for all of the Anatolian beyliks. Mehmet Bey assembled an army to march on Bursa. He captured the city and damaged it; this would not be the last Karamanid invasion of Ottoman lands. However, Mehmet Bey was captured by Bayezid Pasha and sent to prison. He apologized for what he had done to Ottoman lands and was mercifully forgiven by the Ottoman ruler.

Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey captured Tarsus while Mehmet Bey was in prison. Mustafa Bey, son of Mehmet Bey, retook the city during a conflict between the Emirs of Sham and Egypt. After that, the Egyptian sultan sent an army to retake Tarsus from the Karamanids. The Egyptian Mamluks damaged Konya after defeating the Karamanids, and Mehmet Bey retreated from Konya. Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey pursued and captured him; according to an agreement between the two leaders, Mehmet Bey was exiled to Egypt for the rest of his life.

During the Crusade of Varna against the Ottoman Empire in 1443-4, Karamanid İbrahim Bey marched toward Ankara and Kütahya, destroying both cities. In the meantime, sultan Murad I of the Ottoman Empire was turning back from Rumelia with a victory against the Hungarian Crusaders. Like all other Islamic emirates in Anatolia, the Karamanids were accused of treason. Hence, İbrahim Bey accepted all Ottoman terms. The Karamanid state was eventually terminated by the Ottomans in 1487, as the power of their Egyptian allies was declining.

Power of the Karamanid state in Anatolia

According to Mesâlik-ül-Ebsâr, written by Şehâbeddin Ömer, the Karamanid army had 25,000 riders and 25,000 saracens. They could also rely on some Turkmen tribes and their warriors.

Their economic activities depended mostly on control of strategic commercial areas such as Konya and the ports of Lamos, Silifke, Anamur, and Manavgat.



Karamanid architecture

66 mosques, 8 hammams, 2 caravanserais and 3 medreses built by the Karamanoğlu reached our day. Some among notable works of Karamanoğlu architecture are as follows:

• Hasbey Medrese (1241)
• Şerafettin Mosque (XIII century)
• İnce Minare (Dar-ül Hadis) Medrese (1258-1279)
• Hatuniye Medrese

List of rulers

1. Nûre Sûfî Bey (Capital City: Ereğli[) (1250?-1256?)
2. Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey (Capital City: Ermenek) (1256?-1261)
3. Şemseddin I. Mehmed Bey (1261-1283)
4. Güneri Bey (1283-1300)
5. Bedreddin Mahmud Bey (1300-1308)
6. Yahşı Han Bey (1308-1312) (Capital City: Konya)
7. Bedreddin I. İbrahim Bey (1312-1333, 1348-1349)
8. Alâeddin Halil Mirza Bey (1333-1348)
9. Fahreddin Ahmed Bey (1349-1350)
10. Şemseddin Bey (1350-1351)
11. Hacı Sûfi Burhâneddin Musa Bey (Capital City: Mut) (1351-1356)
12. Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (1356-1357)
13. Damad I. Alâeddin Ali Bey (1357-1398)
14. Sultanzâde Nâsıreddin II. Mehmed Bey (Gıyâseddin)(1398-1399)
15. Damad Bengi II. Alâeddin Ali Bey (1418-1419, 1423-1424)
16. Damad II. İbrahim Bey (1424-1464)
17. Sultanzâde İshak Bey (1464)
18. Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed Bey (1464-1469)
19. Kasım Bey (1469-1483)
20. Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey (1483-1487)

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey was the third ruler of the beylik of Karamanoğlu. He was renowned for declaring Turkish the official language of the state and all its institutions. In his firman dated 13 May 1277, he ordered : "Starting from today, in dervish convent, in council, in the palace, in parliament and in squares, no language other than Turkish is allowed." Before him, The Seljuk elite in Anatolia used Persian in literature and Arabic in government and science. The Turkmen however could not understand these languages. Although not ultimately successful, Mehmed Bey's firman is important because for the first time in Anatolian history, Turkish became the official language.

[Matthæus]

great, Boztorgai_Khan ! thanks

[Boztorgai_Khan]

great, Boztorgai_Khan ! thanks

[zznɟ ǝɥʇ]

Thank you for your help!

I've also come across this flag during my travels on the internet...

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Qaramân Oghullarï

BEGS (BEYS) OF GALATIA

Qaramân Nûr ad-Dîn or Nûra Sûfî c.1256-1261
Muhammad I Shams ad-Dîn 1261-1278
Güneri Beg 1278-1300
Mahmud Badr ad-Dîn 1300-1307
Yakhshï 1307-c.1317
Ibrâhim I Badr ad-Dîn c.1317-1344/49
Ahmad Kakhr ad-Dîn 1344/49-1349
Shams ad-Dîn 1349-1352
Sylaymân 1352-1361
Alâ'ud-Dîn 1361-1398


Conquest by Bâyezîd I, 1398

Muhammad II 1402-1419, 1441-1423


Restoration by Tamerlane, 1402

Alî 1419-1421, 1423-1424
Ibrâhîm II Tâj ad-Dîn 1424-1464
Ishâq 1464-1465
Pîr Ahmad 1464-1475


annexation by Mehmed II, 1475

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Thank you for your help!

[Boztorgai_Khan]

1361 AD

[Boztorgai_Khan]

KARAMANID EMIRATE - TURKIC UNIT'S

[Tzar]

Yes, here we need help my friend this is just great.

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Yes, here we need help my friend this is just great.

[Artizan]

none of the pics above show single karamanid subject, they are all ottoman, besides they represent 17-18th century soldiers mostly.

[nnnm]

Great Great research Boztorgai_Khan .
since it hard to find Karamanid units images, I suggest to use both Rum Seljuks and Khanates style in cloths and armor.

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Great Great research Boztorgai_Khan .
since it hard to find Karamanid units images, I suggest to use both Rum Seljuks and Khanates style in cloths and armor.

Thank You.. Brother,

[Artizan]

please take a look.

[Boztorgai_Khan]

please take a look.

Statue depicting Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey declaring Turkish as the official language of the state and all its institutions.



KARAMANID EMIRATE -TURKICUNIT'S





Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey was the third ruler of the beylik of Karamanoğlu. He was renowned for declaring Turkish the official language of the state and all its institutions. In his firman dated 13 May 1277, he ordered : "Starting from today, in dervish convent, in council, in the palace, in parliament and in squares, no language other than Turkish is allowed." Before him, The Seljuk elite in Anatolia used Persian in literature and Arabic in government and science. The Turkmen however could not understand these languages. Although not ultimately successful, Mehmed Bey's firman is important because for the first time in Anatolian history, Turkish became the official language.


Karamanoğlu


Beylik of Karaman or of Karamanoğlu (Karamanoğulları in Turkish plural), also called the Karamanid Dynasty or the Karamanids, was an Anatolian Turkish Beylik state centered in south-central Anatolia, around the present-day Karaman Province. From the 13th century until its fall in 1467, Karamanoğlu was one of the most powerful states in Anatolia. They were the earliest and strongest in the beginning, and second only to the Ottomans later on.

Karamanoğlu Dynasty is also notable by one of its members, Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey, who officially proclaimed the Turkish language as the state language, forbidding, for a time, the use of any other idiom for official purposes.


History

The house of Karamanoğlu can be traced back to ancestors named Hoca Sadeddin and his son Nûre Sufî, who had established Turkish control over the mountainous parts of Cilicia in the first half of the 13th century and to whom the city of Ereğli was given by the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Alâeddin Keykubad I (1219- 1237).

The Karamanoğlu was named after Karaman, the son of an Armenian convert to Islam, who married a daughter of Ala ad-Din Kayqubad I.

After his death, Kerimeddin Karaman Bey took over control of the house. He expanded his land by capturing castles in Ermenek, Mut, Gülnar, Mer, and Silifke. As a reward for this expansion of Seljuk territory, the sultan Kılıç Arslan IV gave Larende (now Karaman in honor of the dynasty) to Karamanoğlu. In the meantime, Bunsuz, brother of Karaman Bey, was chosen as a bodyguard (Candar) for Kılıç Arslan IV. Their power rose as a result of the unification of Turkish clans that had long lived in the mountainous regions of Cilicia with the new Turkish elements transferred there by Alâeddin Keykubad.

Good relations between the Seljuks and the Karamanids did not last. In 1261, on the pretext of supporting Kaykaus I who had fled to Constantinople as a result of the intrigues of the chancellor Pervâne, Karaman Bey and his two brothers, Zeynül-Hac and Bunsuz, marched toward Konya, the capital of Seljuks, with 20,000 men. A combined Seljuk and Mongol army, led by the chancellor Muînüddin Pervâne, defeated the Karamanoğlu army and captured Karaman Bey's two brothers.

After Karaman Bey died in 1262, his older son, Şemseddin Mehmet I, became the head of the house. He immediately negotiated alliances with other Turkmen clans to raise an army against the Seljuks. During the 1276 revolt of Hatıroğlu Şemseddin Bey against Mongol domination in Anatolia, Karamanoğlu also defeated several Mongol-Seljuk armies. In the Battle of Göksu in 1277 in particular, the central power of the Seljuk was dealt a severe blow. Taking advantage of the general confusion, Mehmed Bey captured Konya on 12 May and placed on the throne a pretendant who claimed to be the son of Keykâvus. In the end, however, Mehmed was defeated by Seljuk and Mongol forces the same year, and executed with some of his brothers.

Despite these blows, Karamanoğlu continued to increase their power and influence, largely aided by the Mamluks of Egypt, especially during the reign of Baybars. Karamanoğlu captured Konya on two more occasions in the beginning of the 14th century, but were driven out the first time by emir Chupan, the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia, and the second time by Emir Chupan's son and successor Timurtas. The larger expansion of Karamanoğlu power occurred after the fall of the Ilkhanids. This second expansion also coincided with Karamanoğlu Alâeddin Ali Bey's marriage to Nefise Sultan, the Ottoman sultan Murad I's daughter, marking the first important contact between the two dynasties.

As Ottoman power grew to an expansion into the Balkans, Aleaddin Ali Bey captured the city of Beyşehir which had been an Ottoman city. However, it didn't take much time for the Ottomans to reach Anatolia and march toward Konya, the capital city of Karamanid. A treaty between the two kingdoms was made and peace existed until the reign of Bayezid I.

Timur gave control of the Karamanid lands to Mehmet Bey, the oldest son of Aleaddin Ali Bey. After Bayezid died in 1403, the Ottoman Empire went into a political crisis. During this time, the Ottoman family fell prey to an internecine strife for power. It was an opportunity not only for Karamanoğlu, but also for all of the Anatolian beyliks. Mehmet Bey assembled an army to march on Bursa. He captured the city and damaged it; this would not be the last Karamanid invasion of Ottoman lands. However, Mehmet Bey was captured by Bayezid Pasha and sent to prison. He apologized for what he had done to Ottoman lands and was mercifully forgiven by the Ottoman ruler.

Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey captured Tarsus while Mehmet Bey was in prison. Mustafa Bey, son of Mehmet Bey, retook the city during a conflict between the Emirs of Sham and Egypt. After that, the Egyptian sultan sent an army to retake Tarsus from the Karamanids. The Egyptian Mamluks damaged Konya after defeating the Karamanids, and Mehmet Bey retreated from Konya. Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey pursued and captured him; according to an agreement between the two leaders, Mehmet Bey was exiled to Egypt for the rest of his life.

During the Crusade of Varna against the Ottoman Empire in 1443-4, Karamanid İbrahim Bey marched toward Ankara and Kütahya, destroying both cities. In the meantime, sultan Murad I of the Ottoman Empire was turning back from Rumelia with a victory against the Hungarian Crusaders. Like all other Islamic emirates in Anatolia, the Karamanids were accused of treason. Hence, İbrahim Bey accepted all Ottoman terms. The Karamanid state was eventually terminated by the Ottomans in 1487, as the power of their Egyptian allies was declining.

Power of the Karamanid state in Anatolia

According to Mesâlik-ül-Ebsâr, written by Şehâbeddin Ömer, the Karamanid army had 25,000 riders and 25,000 saracens. They could also rely on some Turkmen tribes and their warriors.

Their economic activities depended mostly on control of strategic commercial areas such as Konya and the ports of Lamos, Silifke, Anamur, and Manavgat.



Karamanid architecture

66 mosques, 8 hammams, 2 caravanserais and 3 medreses built by the Karamanoğlu reached our day. Some among notable works of Karamanoğlu architecture are as follows:

• Hasbey Medrese (1241)
• Şerafettin Mosque (XIII century)
• İnce Minare (Dar-ül Hadis) Medrese (1258-1279)
• Hatuniye Medrese

List of rulers

1. Nûre Sûfî Bey (Capital City: Ereğli[) (1250?-1256?)
2. Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey (Capital City: Ermenek) (1256?-1261)
3. Şemseddin I. Mehmed Bey (1261-1283)
4. Güneri Bey (1283-1300)
5. Bedreddin Mahmud Bey (1300-1308)
6. Yahşı Han Bey (1308-1312) (Capital City: Konya)
7. Bedreddin I. İbrahim Bey (1312-1333, 1348-1349)
8. Alâeddin Halil Mirza Bey (1333-1348)
9. Fahreddin Ahmed Bey (1349-1350)
10. Şemseddin Bey (1350-1351)
11. Hacı Sûfi Burhâneddin Musa Bey (Capital City: Mut) (1351-1356)
12. Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (1356-1357)
13. Damad I. Alâeddin Ali Bey (1357-1398)
14. Sultanzâde Nâsıreddin II. Mehmed Bey (Gıyâseddin)(1398-1399)
15. Damad Bengi II. Alâeddin Ali Bey (1418-1419, 1423-1424)
16. Damad II. İbrahim Bey (1424-1464)
17. Sultanzâde İshak Bey (1464)
18. Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed Bey (1464-1469)
19. Kasım Bey (1469-1483)
20. Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey (1483-1487)

[Artizan]

the zip contains word file which has the pics. my previous msg was supposed to include it but i neglected the size limit.

[Tzar]

Teşekkür Artizan(thanks)!