Well short term the CPU you bought has a GPU but it's not super powerful compared to a discrete solution (a graphics card). Your intel GPU should get you by if you wanted to stick with that until you got the real card you want. Not sure why that's not kicking in?.
Alternatively I have a pretty nice 1080ti hybrid ftw3 (worth about $800 usd somehow with today's used prices) laying around and two gtx titans (6gb).
I'd be willing to let whatever one you're interested in go for relatively cheap, but you'd have to pay shipping.