The mainstream Catholic Church and mainstream Protestants typically have no problem accepting the scientific theory of evolution. The creationists are like their loud and embarrassing younger siblings.
The Christians who accept evolution typically are of the view that evolution was God's way of creating the world and humanity. In other words, God guided evolution. If I am not mistaken, the Catholics believe that God at some point put souls into the hominid line that became Homo sapiens.
I think a major reason creationists oppose the theory of evolution is that it essentially undermines the argument from design. Natural forces are sufficient to explain the diversity of life, no god is necessary. The Christians who accept evolution point out that evolution does not disprove the existence of God.
While it is true that the theory of evolution does not disprove the existence of God, and it is politically and strategically a good thing that there are Christians who accept evolution and can help counter creationism, I think the creationists are actually correct in observing that it makes God superfluous. It doesn't add anything to posit the existence of God, there is no explanatory value. The theory of evolution doesn't need God to explain anything, hence we should not add a non-explanatory entity to explain the diversity of life.
Further, if God designed life through evolution, and humanity is the center of creation, it was an awfully inefficient process, taking literally billions of years to get to humans, and resulting in massive suffering along the way, even today. The
argument from poor design is a problem for all kinds of theism, but not at all for evolution without any "guide" involved.
Adding a god as a guider in the theory of evolution is like positing that there are small invisible elves living inside your switches, making them function. Like God and evolution (or souls being added at some point), it doesn't add anything. You don't need to add the elves to understand how the switches work.
(Why only addressing Christians in this thread? I think the situation among Jews is very similar to that among Christians in that the more educated and modern accept evolution, whereas the more fundamentalist who are prone to Biblical literalism do not. Among Muslims, I would suspect that creationism is much more widespread than among either Christians or Jews. Muslim creationism is usually a rip-off of Christian creationism. As for other religions like Hinduism and Buddhism, I am not aware of there ever being a major controversy with the theory of evolution, but I suspect that at least Hindus who accept evolution are possibly committing the same fallacies in their thinking as monotheists who accept evolution.)