Originally Posted by
Roma_Victrix
The "Silk Road" trading network, which kind of existed beforehand, was basically cemented by this point, with Han Chinese embassies sent to the Parthian Empire, Rome's chief rival. By the end of the 1st century BC, within our EBII time frame, the Romans were sailing back and forth from Roman-controlled Egypt (with the fall of the Ptolemies) to India as well as Burma, in order to purchase Indian spices and Chinese silk there in huge quantities. The Indian Ocean trade was just one part of this new network, though, since the overland route through Central Asia was nearly as lucrative. The Sogdians became the chief benefactors of that.