Turkey and EU reset sights on improved customs deal
The odds of Turkey joining the bloc are long — a revised customs union is more likely
https://www.ft.com/content/29579bae-...e-ea0c2bf34a0b
"Turkey remains committed to seeking EU membership, for which it formally applied in 1987, some 24 years after it signed an association agreement with what was then the European Economic Community. Entry talks started in 2005 but were partially frozen one year later.
Some EU governments are now in favour of a new form of partnership with Turkey rather than allowing it full membership.
If full EU membership is a receding objective, some European and Turkish policymakers nevertheless hold out the hope that the two sides can make progress on upgrading a customs union launched in 1995. The customs union propelled Turkey’s industrial modernisation and forged such close economic links that, by 2016,
Turkey’s trade with the EU had increased fourfold and made the nation the fifth-largest exporter to the bloc.
"According to a Brookings Institution study published last August, an expansion of the customs union to cover trade in agricultural goods, services and government procurement would transform Turkey’s commercial relationship with the EU. Kemal Kirisci and Onur Bulbul, the authors, contended that “an upgraded customs union would help boost foreign direct investment and promote innovation in Turkey, while also helping Turkey adapt to the increasing digitalisation of the global economy”.
In principle there would be benefits for the EU, too. European companies would gain non-discriminatory access to the Turkish government’s procurement market and foreign providers would expand their presence in a liberalised Turkish services sector."