The States and Countries of Europe
All nearby European states that may have an effect on the conflict to come, whether in the form of foreign aid or open warfare with England.
Duchy of Brittany
Ruling Dynasty: House of Dreux-Montfort
Ruler: Francis II
Attitude to York: Neutral/wary
Attitude to Lancaster: Neutral
The Duchy of Brittany is largely neutral towards the English, but is not above sheltering the enemies of England's king. The Duke is growing particularly worried at the prospect of the growing power of the French crown.
Duchy of Burgundy
Ruling Dynasty: House of Valois-Burgundy
Ruler: Charles the Bold
Attitude to York: Allied
Attitude to Lancaster: Unfriendly
The Duchy of Burgundy is largely partisan towards the House of York, due to the familial connections between the two families - Edward's sister Margaret is wed to the Duke, and the Duke's daughter Mary is wed to the King's brother, Richard Plantagenet. It is very hostile towards the Kingdom of France, and wishes to gain power at the expense of the French crown.
Kingdom of France
Ruling Dynasty: House of Valois
Ruler: Louis XI "The Prudent"
Attitude to York: Unfriendly
Attitude to Lancaster: Allied
The Kingdom of France is leaning towards the House of Lancaster, however Louis doesn't wish to risk a war with England that can be avoided. His main concern is increasing French royal power at the expense of the largely autonomous dukes, particularly the powerful duchies of Burgundy and Brittany.
Kingdom of Scotland
Ruling Dynasty: House of Stewart
Ruler: James III, although affairs of state are managed by Mary of Guelders, the regent.
Attitude to York: Hostile
Attitude to Lancaster: Friendly
The Kingdom of Scotland has very recently offered aid to the House of Lancaster in keeping their throne, in exchange for the town of Berwick. Now that the Lancastrians have been defeated, the Scots are very wary of retribution from the new King of England, and are beginning to think that Lancaster is a lost cause to align themselves with. They will need substantial evidence of otherwise.
Independent Irish Lords
Ruling Dynasty: various
Rulers: various
Attitude to York: Unfriendly
Attitude to Lancaster: Unfriendly
The fiercely independent petty kings and lords of Ireland that lie outside of English rule are largely unconcerned by current events, happy to be left to their own disputes - these often escalate to include subjects of the English crown, thanks to the rather lax royal authority in Ireland.
Kingdom of Castille
Ruling Dynasty: House of Trastamara
Ruler: Henry IV "The Impotent"
Attitude to York: Neutral
Attitude to Lancaster: Neutral
Henry IV, as suggested by his nickname, is a weak king who has allowed the nobles to increase their power at the expense of the crown. He is currently in a fierce rivalry with the King of Aragon, John II.
Crown of Aragon
Ruling Dynasty: House of Trastamara
Ruler: John II of Aragon and Navarre
Attitude to York: Neutral
Attitude to Lancaster: Neutral
Through wise marriage policy, John has gained Navarre, now he seeks to unite the domains of Trastamara in the same way. However, his reign has been marred by wars and internal conflict.
Kingdom of Portugal
Ruling Dynasty: House of Aviz
Ruler: Afonso V
Attitude to York: Neutral
Attitude to Lancaster: Neutral
Afonso is largely concerned with expanding his kingdom into North Africa, warring continuously with the Moslem states of that realm.
Holy Roman Empire
Ruling Dynasty: House of Hapsburg
Ruler: Fredrick III "The Peaceful"
Attitude to York: Neutral
Attitude to Lancaster: Neutral
Fredrick is largely uncaring when concerned with his duties as Emperor; he is much more concerned with reuniting the Hapsburg ancestral lands centred around Austria. More recently, he has laid his eyes on the Kingdom of Hungary, and wishes to incorporate it into his domains by any means necessary.
The Kingdom of Hungary
Ruling Dynasty: House of Hunyadi
Ruler: Matthias Corvinus Hunyadi
Attitude to York: Neutral
Attitude to Lancaster: Neutral
Under the extremely capable Matthias, Hungarian power has reached its apex. At the head of the professional Black Army, Matthias has turned Hungary into the powerhouse of Eastern Europe, threatening Austria and Bohemia with invasion, and even keeping the Ottomans at bay. Matthias is mainly concerned with expanding his realm into Austria and Bohemia, as well as stemming the spread of the Ottoman Turks.
