What leads you to believe levies fought in loose, spread out, and inconsistent formations? and that mounted warriors didn't fight in formation?
When it comes to trained medieval warriors of the time I'm actually reading a
thesis on medieval warfare in Scandinavia around 1300s right now and I came across the topic of strategy and tactics. The thesis brings up papal letters, Templar regulations, historical accounts from crusaders fighting in the Levant and descriptions of William of Tyre as reasons to believe that the medieval man's ability to think tactically and strategically was well developed. The reasons why the crusades are drawn in is because of the amount of literary sources are quite extensive compared to the fighting in the west.
( Verbruggen, J. F., The art of warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages: from the eighth century to 1340, Amsterdam 1977., p.33)
In a depiction of the chronicler William of Tyre, the dense formations became an explanation for how a group of crusaders in Palestine in 1170 managed to repel an attack from a numerically superior force . According to chronicler, the crusaders became filled with terror at the sight of the opponents' superior forces, but instead of fleeing chose to draw tight formations that they had practiced. The crusaders were an elite order, not
highland rabble, but it shows that the military thinking at the time was far more developed than 1 v 1 duels in loose formation.