They're not Cappadocian or Caucasian units, they're Anatolian units. Says so in their descriptions.
Unit stats are based on what we know of their equipment, status, training and so on. They are not based on what seems fair or proportionate for a region, and note that what a unit costs is based on those very same things. Which is why most of those units you mention are cheap and easily available.
Also note that the reports of charge values on the in-game unit cards for any unit which throws a javelin before charging is wrong. Also note that any unit which throws one before charging can only have one javelin, because of some hardcoded nonsense.
The Native Colony building is not designed to simply provide local troops, it's designed to provide quality, warrior-grade local troops. The Anatolian units are for the most part local levies, and not what the colonies are designed to provide.
The reason Anatolians are available as regionals and in the colony buildings in the Caucasus is the absence of suitable regional troops in the current roster. Pontos and Hayastan are awaiting new units to broaden and improve their roster, like Galatianised infantry.
I don't recognise the recruitment you're talking about for the pontos3, it is thus:
Code:
;Strategiai (Pontic Administration)
pontos3 city requires factions { f_pontos, } and not building_present govallied
{
capability ;;; Recruitment pool 12 * 0.04 - up to 8 * 0.04 comes from the colony buildings that this goverment enables, which leaves 4 * 0.04 directly here
{
recruit_pool "eastern cavalry cappadoccian" 1 0.08 2 0 requires factions { f_pontos, }
recruit_pool "eastern infantry kavakaza sparabara" 1 0.08 2 0 requires factions { f_pontos, }
Cappadocian cavalry isn't recruitable in India (in fact the only places you can get them at all are in Allied Governments in Anatolia and with Pontic factional governments). I'm tempted to remove them from the test build as well, since they've been removed from the development build anyway.
Uh, what version are you playing?