S Ossetia votes on independence
By Matthew Collin
BBC News, Tskhinvali
South Ossetian polling station
South Ossetians are expected to vote for independence
The tiny former Soviet region of South Ossetia is holding an independence referendum which it hopes will help it break away from Georgia.
South Ossetia has been struggling for independence from Georgia since the war in the early 1990s but has failed to win international recognition.
Georgia terms the vote illegitimate and has vowed to win South Ossetia back.
The vote is further straining tensions between Georgia and Russia which has strong links to South Ossetia.
All the posters on the streets of Tskhinvali are campaigning for a "yes" vote, and the result seems a foregone conclusion.
But the result is unlikely to be recognised by any country in the world.
The South Ossetian President, Eduard Kokoity, has insisted the referendum is not a futile gesture.
"It's not a symbolic referendum, it's an answer to those who won't recognise the will of the people of South Ossetia," he said.
"It's an answer to those who apply double standards to us. South Ossetia has more of a legal basis to be recognised than Kosovo or Montenegro."
'Assassination plot'
This has been a strange and occasionally violent campaign.
Ethnic Georgians who live in South Ossetia have organised a parallel vote in what's seen as an attempt to undermine the referendum's claim to be representative.
SOUTH OSSETIA
Map of South Ossetia
Population: About 70,000
Capital: Tskhinvali
Major languages: Ossetian, Georgian, Russian
Major religion: Orthodox Christianity
Currency: Russian rouble, Georgian lari
Regions and territories: South Ossetia
South Ossetian forces have killed four men they said were planning terrorist attacks at the polls.
And the former South Ossetian minister has been shown on television allegedly confessing to a plot to kill the breakaway region's president.
In these unusual circumstances the result of the referendum is unlikely to lead to a resolution of the conflict.
Georgian accusation
The South Ossetian authorities see the vote as a step towards their ultimate goal - becoming part of Russia.
But Moscow has given them no indication it will ever accept them.
Georgia has accused Russia of backing South Ossetia's ambitions to undermine its pro-western government.
Georgia wants the Russian peacekeeping troops in South Ossetia to be replaced by an international force.
But the South Ossetians see them as protection against what they believe are Georgian plans to invade.
South Ossetia began its attempts to gain independence at the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, when hundreds died in fighting between Georgian and Ossetian forces.
Many in South Ossetia see Georgia's actions then as brutal and unforgivable.
Since then the region has effectively run its own affairs with economic and political support from Russia.