
Originally Posted by
Joar
No, the whole "king of Italy" and "kingdom of Italy" is a product of a much later date. Odoacer was, however, king of several tribes ( or at least the parts of those tribes who served under his command ), he was even referred to as "king of the Goths", but that did, of course, not mean that he held any sway over the Goths in Gaul/Spain, or the Goths in the east. It just meant that he was king of the group of Goths who served in the Roman army in Italy.
Odoacer did referred to himself as king, and Patricius, a Roman title. But he never proclaimed independence from the Roman empire, and he never styled himself in the same fashion as Gaiseric or Euric. He was a Roman official, a Roman subject. His whole civil administration was Roman, and he upheld and maintained Roman laws and customs. On a public inscription on the Colosseum at Rome, he calls himself "the most excellent Odoacer". His constitutional position is very hard to define, but he did, without any question, recognise the rule of both Julius Nepos and Zeno. This is a fact, because he minted coins saying so. When the war broke out and all ties was severed with Zeno, Odoacer proclaimed his son Caesar, and a man called Tufa Master of Soldiers. The coins he minted never speaks of a "rex", but are fully Roman coins with the symbols of Rome and Ravenna on them. This clearly indicates that he intended to resurrect the Western Roman empire, and never entertained the idea of doing what Gaiseric had done in North Africa, or the Visigoths in Spain and Gaul.
Yes, it most certainly was. There was no change in policies, laws or anything of the sort. He did, however, impose hospitalias on Italian soil, but imposing a Roman system on Roman territory is hardly "unroman". Odoacer has got a rather bad reputation due to his "forced retirement" of the usurper Romulus Augustus, but one have to remember to look at the whole situation from a contemporary point of view. The reign of Romulus was unlawful, and he was never recognised outside of Italy. Odoacer was just as much a Roman ( culturally, not ethnically ) as Stilicho, Aëtius, or Ricimer, and the only real difference was that he ( Odoacer ) didn't place a puppet emperor on the throne. Instead he opted to reign as a nominal subject of the Eastern emperor. No person living at this time would ever consider Italy as an independent kingdom or anything of the sort. It was a part of the Roman empire, just as it had always been.
Many have tried to paint Odoacer as this shabby and brutal barbarian who kicked out the emperor, and became a tyrant of Italy. But that's just silly. He had, most likely, served in the Roman armies for a long time ( presumably under Ricimer ), and it is quite telling that not even the often vocal church had anything bad to say about the reign of the arian Odoacer.
Finally, let me ask you this: if Odoacer had kept Romulus as a puppet instead of retiring him, would you still call Italy a non-Roman state?