This Roman coin represents The Civic Crown or Corona Civica
Decorations and Awards of the Roman Army
When a legionary distinguished himself in battle he could expect more then just monetary reward. Following the victorious battle, troops would had been assembled and soldiers would be called forward by their general. Every unit kept thorough written record on every man, with promotions, transfers, citations, reprimands and punishments. These were all studiously noted down by the man’s optio (the second-in-command of his century). At the assembly, general would read legionary’s previous citations aloud, then praise the soldier publicly for his latest act of gallantry or bravery, promoting him and often giving him cash reward or putting him on double pay. After that he would present him with decorations of valour, to the great cheer of the men of his legion. Polybius recorded these awards, which continued to be presented for hundreds of years. (Poly., VI, 39)
The Spear:
This was awarded for wounding an enemy in skirmish or other action where it wasn’t necessary to engage in single combat and therefore expose your-self to danger. Literally “the Ancient Unadorned Spear”, a silver, later golden token. It wasn’t awarded if the wound was inflicted in the course of a pitched battle, as the soldier was then acting under orders to expose himself to danger. On Trajan’s column there is a scene where it seems that Emperor Trajan is presenting the spear to a soldier.
This might be the hasta pura or an “Arrow without the Head” but this can’t be confirmed with certainty. It is mentioned by Polybius (Polybius, The Histories, Volume III, Chapter 39), but scholars aren't sure where it was used.
The Silver Cup:
This was awarded for killing and stripping an enemy in a skirmish or other action where it wasn’t necessary to engage in single combat. For the same deed, a cavalryman received a decoration to place on his horse’s harness.
The Silver Standard:
A small replica of a standard or flag. There are some uncertainties about what this actually was. Some scholars suggest it was a replica of vexillum (a standard that was primarily used by legion’s detachments, it was a square cloth banner bearing the unit’s title). Carrying the name of Silver Standard it is highly unlikely that this was indeed vexillum. More probably this was a standard or a pole on which the unit carried vexillum. However, this are all just guesses as there is no certain information about it.
The Torque and Amulae:
These were awarded for valour in battle. A golden necklace and wrist bracelets. These frequently won by centurions and cavalrymen.
The Crowns:
There were several types of crowns (corona) awarded. There are (as always) some different opinions among scholars on the types, requirements and effects of these rewards so I’ll present one system. The Gold Crown (corona aurea) was awarded for outstanding bravery in battle. The Mural Crown (corona muralis) was awarded to the first Roman soldier over an enemy city walls in an assault. It was made of gold and it was crenallated. The Naval Crown (corona navalis) was awarded for outstanding bravery in sea battle. This was a golden crown decorated with ship’s beaks. The Crown of Valour (corona vallaris or corona castrensis) was awarded to the first roman soldier to cross the ramparts of an enemy camp in an assault. The Civic Crown (corona civica) was awarded to the first man to scale an enemy wall. It was made from oak leaves and was also awarded for saving the life of fellow soldier, or shielding him from danger. The man whose life was saved was required to present his saviour with a golden crown, and to honor him as if he were his father for the rest of his days. It was considered to be Rome’s highest military decoration, and the holder of the Civic Crown was venerated by Romans and given pride of place in civic parades. Julius Caesar was awarded the Civic Crown when serving as a young tribune in the assault on Mytilene, capital of the Greek island of Lesbos. This last decoration is also where the opinions of scholars clash the most. Some suggest different conditions, some even claim there was even higher decoration called the Grass Crown (corona obsidionalis or corona graminea). However ,in their effects this two are similar so it could be that the same award was called differently in different occasions. These awards were described in time of Polybius. There isn’t much mention of them after he has died, but scholars agree that these same decorations were used in Imperial time also.
There are also references to entire units (centuries and maybe even maniples and cohorts) receiving decorations. However, this weren't worn by soldiers (contrary to just described ones) and so i didn't choose to put them here. One of the greatest legion decorations was considered to be honor of carrying Emperors name (2nd Traiana Legion) or Emperor's family name (16th Flavia Firma, 30th Ulpia Legion).
In literature and especially on the internet one can find various other decorations that are claimed to be in existence and in use by the Romans. However, as i was trying to keep this as historically accurate as possible I haven't listed those that don't seem to have at least some support by majority of the scholars.
Taken from the RS2 thread
http://www.twcenter.net/forums/showt...t=Roman+medals