A UK government-backed report has accused Israel's security forces of regularly breaching the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).
A delegation of senior lawyers visited Israel and West Bank and analysed the effects of Israel's military judicial system on Palestinian children.
They found "undisputed facts" showed six UNCRC articles had been breached.
The lawyers urged Israel to address differences in the way Israeli and Palestinian children were treated.
Israeli military law is applied to Palestinian children detained by the Israeli authorities in the West Bank because it is under military occupation.
However, Israeli children - including those living in Jewish settlements on occupied land in the West Bank, which are considered illegal under international law - are subject to Israeli criminal and civilian law.
Currently, the maximum period an Israeli child can be detained without charge is 40 days. For a Palestinian child the period is 188 days.