Rustam Daudov was just a small boy when the second Chechen war broke out. In 2003, his father was killed, and soon after, the family emigrated to Norway.
They thought life would be peaceful there -- light years away from the violence they had witnessed back home.
Daudov enjoyed life in his new home, and slowly began to take an interest in local politics. In July, the 16-year-old and a fellow Chechen friend, 17-year-old Movsar Dzhamayev, traveled to a Labor Party youth camp on the Norwegian island of Utoeya.
Daudov says they went to the camp "to look around and find out what was going on, just out of interest" and also to get a look at "what the political future holds."
But on July 22, Daudov and Dzhamayev were among hundreds of teenagers who found themselves trapped on Utoeya as a far-right extremist angered by the government's liberal immigration policies went on a massive shooting spree at the camp, killing 69 people over the course of an hour.
Fighting Back With Rocks
After seeing the heavily armed assailant, 32-year-old Anders Behring Breivik, kill several people at close range, Dzhamayev called his father, who urged the boys to fight back. So Daudov and Dzhamayev hurled rocks at Breivik, hoping to knock him unconscious.
But after watching Breivik kill an acquaintance by shooting him in the head, the boys fled. They turned their attention to finding a cave to help people hide as the rampage continued. In the end, they helped provide shelter for 23 people -- many of whom had entered the water surrounding the island, making them even more vulnerable.
Daudov claims it's possible that more people could have been saved but that the attack had been so unexpected it reduced the island to chaos.
"There were places to hide; it's just that everyone was panicking, everyone was in shock," he says. "No one could believe what was happening. A lot of them couldn't even tell if what was going on was real or not. No one had ever thought that something like that could happen in Norway. And even hiding didn't always help -- after all, he had an entire hour."
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It's an explanation that Daudov echoes when explaining why he and Dzhamayev may have been the only people on the island with the presence of mind to fight back against a heavily armed killer.
"We probably reacted that way because we're Chechen," Daudov says. "In Norway they're not used to this. We lived through a war. But they thought that something like that could never happen. At that moment, even we thought something like that could never happen in Norway."