Key:~
12,000 BL: The First Men come to Westeros from Essos, and make war upon the indigenous 'Children of the Forest', a secretive race of diminutive forest-dwellers with magical powers. The Arm of Dorne, the landbridge that connected Westeros and Essos, is shattered by the Children's magic; all that is left of it now is an archipelago of small islands known as the 'Stepstones', now a collection of pirate dens and another conflict zone between the Free Cities of Essos.
~10,000 BL: The First Men and the Children make peace at last, with the First Men taking up the Children's deities (now known as the Old Gods) and living on the coasts and along the rivers, while the Children were left alone in the continent's interior and deep forests.
~8,000 BL: The Others, a mysterious force of gaunt white-haired and blue-eyed humanoids from the Lands of Always Winter in the North, invade Westeros for the first and only known time in recorded history. They are driven back in the Battle for the Dawn, when the First Men and the Children of the Forest joined forces to defeat them and were allegedly led by Azor Ahai, wielder of the flaming magical sword Lightbringer, a hero in the Faith of R'hollor.
~6,000 BL: The Andals immigrate into Westeros from their ancestral homeland in Essos, the Hills of Andalos, supposedly with the guidance of the Seven, their God-with-seven-aspects. They bring with them the tradition of chivalry, the feudal system and the Faith of the Seven. The Andals crushed the First Men kings of all Westeros south of the Neck - of these only the names of three are still known: House Mudd, Kings of Rivers and Hills in today's Riverlands; House Casterly, Kings of the Rock; and House Greyiron, Kings of Salt and Rock. Only the Stark Kings in the North manage to stymie the Andal advance at the Neck and retain their independence.
The Andals founded many kingdoms of their own throughout the continent, each ruled by a major Andal house. Those houses whose names have survived the passage of time are House Lannister, then Kings of the Rock, founded by Lann the Clever, said to have tricked the Casterlys into surrendering the Rock to him and to have stolen sunlight to brighten his hair; the now-extinct House Gardener, Kings of the Reach, founded by Garth Greenhand, who wore a crown of flowers and had the power to make the Reach bloom; the similarly-extinct House Hoare, Kings of Salt and Rock, founded by Harrag Hoare, who adopted the Drowned God of their fallen enemies the Greyirons; House Arryn, then Kings of Mountain and Vale, founded by Artys Arryn AKA 'the Winged Knight'; and House Tully, then mere lords of Riverrun, whose founder's name still escapes historians. In addition, most Westerosi noble houses outside of the North are also descended from Andal nobles and knights; indeed, even the Storm Kings of Durran's House, and other southern First Men houses who survived the Andal onslaught, eventually intermarried with the Andal nobility and were assimilated into their culture.
The Children of the Forest disappear, their forests burnt down and their magic roundly condemned by the Andals and their Faith of the Seven.
700 BL: The Rhoynar, a people fleeing the might of the Valyrian Freehold (a vast, slaveowning empire that had trained dragons to serve as its superweapons) to the east, migrate into today's Dorne. Rhoynar queen Nymeria marries local Dornish lord Mors Martell, and together they subjugate the other houses of Dorne. Andal influence in most of Dorne is supplanted by Rhoynar traditions.
500 BL: The Arbor, previously an independent realm unto itself, is absorbed into the Reach by a carefully arranged marriage between Houses Gardener (the royal house of the Reach) and Redwyne.
100 BL: The Valyrian Freehold is destroyed in a calamity now only known as the 'Doom of Valyria'. House Targaryen, at this time minor lords of the island of Dragonstone in the Narrow Sea, is among the survivors of the Doom.
1 AL: Aegon I Targaryen lands on Westeros with his sister-wives Visenya and Rhaenys and their three dragons, bringing fire and blood to the continent in their War of Conquest. Argilac the Arrogant, last of the Storm Kings from Durran's House, is slain by Orys Baratheon (a half-brother of the Targaryens) and his domain of the Stormlands passed to Baratheon overlordship; Harren the Black of House Hoare, King of Salt and Rock, is roasted alive with his family inside Harrenhal, and the Ironborn driven from the Riverlands (granted to House Tully, who had rebelled in favor of Aegon) and forced to bend the knee under the Greyjoys; Mern Gardener, Ninth of his Name and last King of the Reach, is burnt alive with 4,000 of his men at the Battle on the Field of Fire, and his steward Harlen Tyrell bends the knee to Aegon in exchange for overlordship of the Reach; Loren Lannister, King of the Rock, escaped the disaster on the Field of Fire and immediately bent the knee to Aegon the Conqueror in exchange for the title 'Warden of the West'; the Arryn King of Mountain & Vale submitted after the Targaryen dragons scaled the Eyrie; and Torrhen Stark, last King of Winter, submitted to Aegon on the site of today's Inn of the Kneeling Man after witnessing the fall of the other kingdoms. Only Dorne holds out using guerrilla tactics.
Aegon I 'the Conqueror' melts down the many swords of his enemies and reforges them into his Iron Throne, to be placed within his new capital of King's Landing.
37-48 AL: The Uprising of the Faith of the Seven. Despite the High Septon having bent the knee to Aegon the Conqueror and legitimized his rule with the condition that he convert to the Faith of the Seven, his successor is unwilling to acknowledge the ascension of Aegon's son Aenys by his sister Rhaenys, as the Faith condemns incest. The Faith Militant, the Faith's army composed of many hundreds of Warrior's Sons (nobles sworn to the Faith, usually fighting as mounted knights) and hundreds of thousands of Poor Fellows (fanatical peasants fighting as archers, infantry and on occasion light cavalry) rises up all over the Seven Kingdoms. The rebellion is mostly suppressed with great brutality by Maegor the Cruel, Aenys's half-brother, but the High Septon in Oldtown's Starry Sept remained recalcitrant and pockets of resistance continued to hold out until Aenys's and Maegor's successor Jaehaerys I successfully negotiated a general amnesty in exchange for the Faith Militant's disbandment and an end to the war.
129-131 AL: The Dance of the Dragons, a war of succession within the Targaryen dynasty, erupts upon the death of Viserys I. His eldest child and designated heir, daughter Rhaenyra, finds her claim challenged by her younger half-brother Aegon II. The war ended with Rhaenyra's defeat and consumption by Aegon's dragon, followed by Aegon's own death a few years later and succession by his nephew, Rhaenyra's son Aegon III.
195-196 AL: The Blackfyre Rebellion, another war of succession initiated against King Daeron II 'the Good' by the bastard son of Aegon IV Targaryen with his cousin Daena 'the Defiant' Targaryen, the charismatic and highly talented Daemon Blackfyre, begins. The rebellion showed great promise at first but was terminated at the Battle of the Redgrass Field, where the Royalist host smashed the Blackfyre forces with heavy casualties and Daemon Blackfyre himself perished with his oldest sons. The surviving Blackfyres flee east, beyond the Narrow Sea.
197 AL: Dorne officially joins the Seven Kingdoms with the marriage of King Daeron II to Myriah Martell and his sister Daenerys's marriage to Prince Maron Martell.
255-260 AL: The War of the Ninepenny Kings. Nine ambitious warlords from the Free Cities invade the Stepstones and plan to strike deep into the Seven Kingdoms to place Maelys the Monstrous, the last known Blackfyre, on the Iron Throne. King Maekar I launches a pre-emptive counterattack that saw the Blackfyres and their allies defeated, and Maelys the Monstrous slain. The Blackfyre line was presumed extinguished with his death in battle. Many of Westeros's senior knights cut their teeth and made their names here.
262 AL: Aerys II Targaryen succeeds his sickly father, Jaehaerys II, to the Iron Throne. While initially a charming, gallant and highly capable (if pyromaniacal) young ruler, Aerys slipped into the infamous Targaryen insanity (doubtless a product of the family's extensive inbreeding) later in his reign.
282 AL: Robert's Rebellion begins with the kidnapping (or was it?...) of Lyanna Stark, daughter of Lord Rickard Stark and sister to the future Lord Ned Stark, by Prince Rhaegar Targaryen; when Lord Rickard and his son, Lyanna's oldest brother Brandon, demanded her return, Aerys II had the former burnt and the latter strangled as he tried to save his father. When Robert Baratheon, Lord of the Stormlands, protests this injustice against his friend's family, the Mad King kidnapped his pregnant wife Emma Dondarrion and confined her to the Tower of Joy, beside Lyanna Stark. He promptly rises in rebellion against the Crown, soon joined by Ned Stark of the North and Hoster Tully of the Riverlands. House Arryn is further pushed into the rebellion when Aerys the Mad demands Lord Jon assist in putting down his old wards, Ned Stark and Robert Baratheon.
Upon receiving word that three of the Royalist Stormlords were trying to muster their strength at Summerhall, the Baratheons hurry to reach the location first and crush each of the Royalist lords in detail as they arrive one after another, winning three battles in one day and flipping the remaining Royalists and neutral lords in the Stormlands to their side. With his own domain secured for sure, Robert marches to war against the Tyrells, who were at this time still loyal to the Dragons.
His advance however ends badly, as the vanguard of the Tyrell army defeats his larger but less-coordinated forces at Ashford thanks to the brilliant leadership of Lord Randyll Tarly. Bloodied and humiliated but still with enough strength left for further pitched battles, Robert withdraws from the Reach and swung north in an attempt to reach the safety of the Riverlands. Elements of the Royal Army, mustered from the Crownlands and Dragonstone and under the personal command of Prince Rhaegar, are detached and sent off to pursue Robert with Rhaegar's old friend Jon Connington assigned to lead them.
While all of this is happening, the Tyrell army smashed through the Bronzegate head-on and proceeded to besiege Storm's End, where the third Baratheon brother Leofrick was heading the severely outnumbered and undersupplied defense.
283 AL: Connington catches up with Robert in the Stoney Sept, but is unwilling to burn the entire town to the ground just to kill one man and instead has the decency to order his soldiers to search the city house-to-house. This proves to be a mistake, as the combined armies of the North and Riverlands sweeps into the city just as the surviving Baratheon troops strike back against the Royalists. Jon Connington still manages to withdraw from the city in good order despite having sustained considerable casualties and facing attacks from three directions, but is sacked and exiled by King Aerys for his failure anyway.
His army replenished by the strength of the North and the Riverlands, Robert marches south to attack King's Landing head-on. Prince Rhaegar, a good part of the Kingsguard and the rest of the Royal Army, including the survivors of Connington's task force, march back to confront him on the banks of the Trident. In the ensuing battle, both sides suffer ghastly losses, and Robert and Rhaegar meet in single combat at the climax of it all. Even as his hammer smote Rhaegar's chest with enough force to shake the rubies from it, the Dragon's blade found its way to the Stag's throat, and even as Rhaegar's lifeless body sank to the riverbed, Robert lay bleeding to death from a slashed throat. His brother Maegor and Lord Stark rallied the shaken Rebel forces and led them to victory over the equally horrified and now (with the death of Rhaegar's Kingsguard companions) leaderless Royalist host, now fighting in the name of Robert's unborn child and of course, the late lord's honor.
The Lannisters, previously neutral, march to King's Landing, ostensibly to reinforce the garrison and help counterattack against the Rebels. Instead, they sack the city, annihilating the stunned Gold Cloaks who stood against them with ease, and a pair of Lannister knights stole into the Red Keep to butcher Rhaegar's wife Elia Martell and their children, Aegon and Rhaenys. The only Targaryens to escape the city (aside from the pregnant Queen Rhaella and her son Viserys, then already residing on Dragonstone) were Aerys's relative Aemon (who was not present at the calamity on the Trident), his family (including young daughters Rhaenys and Elaena Targaryen) and some retainers, who cut their way to the city harbor and boarded a ship straight to Dragonstone, from which they made their way into exile.
King Aerys was himself slain by a Lannister, and the throne offered to the posthumous son of Robert; out of honor and respect to Robert, the other Rebel lords do not try to take the Iron Throne for themselves. Maeglor is proclaimed Regent for the infant King.
While Rhaegar died at the Trident, the Royalists had at least one more success; with Lord Mace Tyrell's land forces trapping the defenders by land and Lord Logan Redwyne's navy blockading it by sea, they succeeded in starving Storm's End into submission. A desperate sally led by the Baratheons' cousin and last Lord of Mistwood, Letholdus Mystweald, succeeded only in getting a third of the garrison and Letholdus himself killed. By the time Leofrick finally gave up, the surviving defenders had been reduced to eating rats and (it is rumored) their own dead. None of it mattered unfortunately, as the war was lost for House Targaryen and its loyalists not long afterward in the manner described above, and Storm's End restored to the Baratheons. Even today, all over the Reach and in the Arbor, it is joked that the Baratheon defenders immediately caved in after Lord Redwyne promised to deliver them bread and water if they'd just dip their banners, and an apocryphal comment by the victorious Mace Tyrell referring to the Lord of Mistwood's insane last sally as 'stupicide' has become nearly as much of a household joke. (this Siege and Letholdus's death did have interesting consequences for the Stormlands however, as Leofrick was able to claim Mistwood on the grounds that Letholdus had only left young daughters and the last male-line Mystweald to still bear that name, Fendrel, was a notorious outlaw)
In the Riverlands, Lord Raymun Reyne was left in command of the rear of the Westerman army, tasked by the Lannisters with the decidedly inglorious task of rounding up and executing Royalist stragglers left after the Battle of the Trident. In this he failed spectacularly, letting all but a tiny handful of Royalists (all Dornishmen who'd actually turned back and sought his army out for battle after learning of the Lannister betrayal of Aerys II anyway) slip through his fingers, and in one incident marching his army in the exact opposite direction of a force of Reach survivors under the idea that their movements, as reported by friendly locals, were really 'disinformation'. Any thought of disloyalty on his part dissipated after Lord Reyne showed up to lead his army without trousers and madly drunk, and his failures were attributed to staggering incompetence rather than any actual malice on his part.
With the war over, Ned Stark hurriedly summoned a rescue party of Northmen and Storm Lords and raced to the Tower of Joy, where he had learned both his sister and Robert's wife were being held. There, after dispatching the last of Aerys's Kingsguard, he found both ladies dying, though Emma Dondarrion had at least expired only after successfully delivering a baby boy confirmed as the late Robert's son, also named Robert in honor of the father he would never meet. The infant was later crowned Robert Baratheon, First of his Name.
Despite a burning desire to fight on in the name of Aerys's younger son Viserys, motivated primarily by a desire to avenge the butchered Princess Elia, the Martells grudgingly accepted peace with the Baratheons after much cajoling and negotiating by Lord Jon Arryn.
289 AL: The Greyjoys, thinking the Baratheon rule on the Iron Throne was still shaky, declare themselves Kings of Salt and Rock and tried to break the Iron Isles free from mainland rule. In the early stage of the war, they were able to raid along the entire western coast of the continent as far as Flint's Finger in the North and the Arbor in the south, as well as springing a successful ambush of the bulk of the Westerlands fleet in Lannisport, but later the Iron Fleet was smashed by the combined might of the Seven Kingdoms off the Fair Isle; days later, Robert, now King, demanded the Greyjoys bend the knee alongside the other Great Houses, which the stubborn Ironmen refused to do. Needless to say, an amphibious invasion of the Iron Isles proper was scheduled to finally put down the Greyjoy Rebellion. Once they were able to actually land troops on the Iron Isles, the mainland forces easily overpowered the severely outnumbered ground garrisons of the Isle houses. Blacktyde and Orkmont were occupied by the Riverlands, Harlaw and Wyk were taken in a coordinated amphibious invasion involving many thousands of Westermen (led by Lord Reyne, who displayed a surprising bout of competence when fighting the Drumms of Wyk) and what was left of the Lannister fleet, and the rest of the Iron Isles were stormed by the Reach's forces. Pyke fell last of all, and the Greyjoys finally bent the knee to mainlanders once again, albeit with much reluctance and gritting of teeth. This victory helped the Baratheons consolidate their new position as Kings of the Seven Kingdoms.
289-291 AL: The Iron Isles are restored one by one to Greyjoy dominion.
Late 296 AL: The young and sickly Robert Baratheon, First of his Name, dies from a long-lingering disease related to an improperly treated cut he got from the Iron Throne at the age of six. He is succeeded by his uncle and Regent, Maegor Baratheon, second of the Baratheon Kings.
297 AL: Game start. Maeglor Baratheon is crowned King of the Seven Kingdoms. The Storm Caller's Tourney is held.
298 AL: Viserys Targaryen violates Dothraki customs for the last time, receiving a 'crown' that men will indeed 'tremble to behold' at the hands of his furious brother-in-law Khal Drogo. Drogo, in turn, was bewitched by captive sorceress Mirri Maz Duur (who had been charged with tending to his wounds) and died. Daenerys Targaryen, the new Targaryen claimant to the Iron Throne, nonetheless births a healthy posthumous son of the great Khal's, named Rhaego.