Português (Portuguese)

[Macunaíma]

Interessante. Obrigado pela ajuda, mais uma vez.

De fato, eu tinha uma espécie de receio infundado de que Coimbra seria chato por ser antiga e de grande reputação por aqui (não consigo imaginar outro lugar para meus colegas pedantes escolherem), mas com certeza estava viajando. Uma cidade universitária não tem como ser chata. O problema é que só posso escolher uma e, se não conseguir, já era, e acho que Coimbra terá grande procura. Meu desempenho acadêmico não é ruim mas com certeza é superado por muitos. Mas que seja, acho que vou seguir teu conselho mesmo.

Eu estava dividido, na verdade, entre Portugal, Espanha e Colômbia. Mas, já que a minha área requer um certo refinamento linguístico que não possuo no espanhol, escolhi o país lusófono. E também porque haverão poucas chances pra eu ir à Europa sendo bancado por terceiros . A Colômbia pode esperar, eu imagino (nosso sistema primitivo de transporte viário requer muitos caminhões rodando por aí, o que significa também muitas caronas), e a Espanha é de fácil acesso por aí, pelo que tu disse. Só espero que eu consiga a tal bolsa afinal.

[fkizz]

Bem trago aqui algumas noticias e acontecimentos para animar a malta (pelo bem ou pelo mal) com o que parece vir aí:

O ministro grego da Defesa já reagiu à notícia avançada pelo Financial Times de que Atenas se prepara para um 'default'. [...] "O Financial Times já tinha dito que íamos à falência em Fevereiro, que íamos à falência depois das eleições, que íamos à falência a 9 de Abril, e que vamos à falência a 25 de Abril; eles já fabricaram cinco cenários de falência. Mas eu digo-lhe: nós não vamos falir a 25 de Abril", garantiu o ministro da Defesa.

O facto de ser o Ministro Grego da Defesa a ter que dizer isto fala por si, junto isto ao dia 25 de abril.. é muita coincidência junta.

Fonte:http://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/econo..._de_abril.html

----

Entretanto Durão Barroso questiona-se porque os Gregos não tentam seguir o exemplo de sucesso que aconteceu em Portugal..

O antigo líder da Comissão Europeia deixou várias críticas a Alexis Tsipras por ter prometido "coisas irrealistas ao seu povo". E questionou porque é que a "Grécia não segue o caminho de Portugal", que implementou "com sucesso" o programa de ajustamento.

E um gajo destes é tratado como um "Grande Académico"..

Durão Barroso liderou a Comissão Europeia durante dez anos (2004-2014) e está agora a dar aulas na Universidade Católica Portuguesa, na universidade norte-americana de Princeton e na universidade suíça de Genebra.

Bom podem dizer o que quiserem, mas estou a perceber de onde a crítica de ele ser um "cherne" vem.
Fonte:http://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/econo...r_do_euro.html

O que vocês, Lusitanos ou Luso-Descendentes aqui do Thema Devia Português, acham disto?

O futuro de Portugal e dos portugueses passa por Odivelas.

Poderias elaborar um pouco por favor? Legitamamente Curioso.

[Ludicus]

O futuro de Portugal e dos portugueses passa por Odivelas.

Julius, por onde tens andado, faz já um ano! conta coisas!
Macunaíma, das faculdades de Filosofia não sei nada, mas em Lisboa tens mais calor, mais luz,do que nas muito chatas cidades do Norte...
-------------
Fkizz

Entretanto Durão Barroso...

Já não consigo ouvi-lo -nem a ele, nem ao Passos mais o seu governo.
Ouvi dizer hoje- mas não li nem ouvi - que se tiveres (é um exemplo) lá por casa um recibo de um restaurante onde tenhas feito despesa, arriscas-te a ser notificado pels finanças com co-responsável pelas eventuais dívidas desse restaurante. Será verdade que há pessoas a ser notificadas por causa disso? custa muito a acreditar, não acredito, é kafkaniano.

Edito: Pesquisei, é mesmo verdade!!!!

Clientes notificados para penhora de dívidas

O referido diário sustenta que alguns contribuintes têm sido “chamados pelas Finanças para pagarem dívidas fiscais de estabelecimentos comerciais, nomeadamente de restaurantes, onde fizeram consumos e pediram factura com número de identificação fiscal”.

Agora a parte pior (se possível), porque é completamente indigno

É feita uma notificação de penhora de créditos, sem que esta se verifique de facto...

---
Passos, em vez de dizer que quer reduzir salários, diz que quer reduzir os custos de trabalho para as empresas. O Pai do actual Secretário de Estado da Energia foi contratado em 2013 como consultor da EDP (deixou o cargo anterior por "razões de saúde"). Se bem se lembram, o anterior Secretário de Estado (Henrique Gomes) foi demitido para aí uma semana depois de ter sido impedido de fazer uma intervenção no ISEG sobre o caso das rendas excessivas que tem como principal protagonista a EDP.

[fkizz]

Fkizz

Já não consigo ouvi-lo -nem a ele, nem ao Passos mais o seu governo.
Ouvi dizer hoje- mas não li nem ouvi - que se tiveres (é um exemplo) lá por casa um recibo de um restaurante onde tenhas feito despesa, arriscas-te a ser notificado pels finanças com co-responsável pelas eventuais dívidas desse restaurante. Será verdade que há pessoas a ser notificadas por causa disso? custa muito a acreditar, não acredito, é kafkaniano.

Edito: Pesquisei, é mesmo verdade!!!!

Clientes notificados para penhora de dívidas

Sinceramente não me surpreende muito, não por o actual governo, mas por já á vários anos achar que o Kafka tem mais de realista que as pessoas pensam.

Acho que entrámos num terreno que não é se o actual governo é bom ou mau, mas sim se "ouvem muitas vozes" na cabeça ou não, se me faço entender.

Passos, em vez de dizer que quer reduzir salários, diz que quer reduzir os custos de trabalho para as empresas. O Pai do actual Secretário de Estado da Energia foi contratado em 2013 como consultor da EDP (deixou o cargo anterior por "razões de saúde"). Se bem se lembram, o anterior Secretário de Estado (Henrique Gomes) foi demitido para aí uma semana depois de ter sido impedido de fazer uma intervenção no ISEG sobre o caso das rendas excessivas que tem como principal protagonista a EDP.

Por acaso não sabia nem lembrava, mas agora sei, e fico-te agradecido por várias razões.

Não só o rent-seeking fica mais fácil de perceber para explicar em exames, como explica a razão recorrente de custos de energia elevados.

[Julius Isidrus]

Julius, por onde tens andado, faz já um ano! conta coisas!

Achei por bem sair do falso conforto em que me encontrava e conhecer novos mundos e novas realidades e por isso passei um ano em activa meditação numa viagem ao fundo de mim mesmo. Foi muito proveitoso, é também por isso que hoje sei que o futuro de Portugal e dos portugueses passa por Odivelas, indo pelo IC17 e fazendo depois a rotunda do Sr. Roubado.

Tenho muitas coisas novas e extraordinárias para contar, mas vou deixar para outra altura.

[fkizz]

é também por isso que hoje sei que o futuro de Portugal e dos portugueses passa por Odivelas,

O Isaltino Morais será o próximo salvador da Pátria?

[Vítor Gaspar]

Julius, por onde tens andado, faz já um ano! conta coisas!
Macunaíma, das faculdades de Filosofia não sei nada, mas em Lisboa tens mais calor, mais luz,do que nas muito chatas cidades do Norte...
-------------
Fkizz

Já não consigo ouvi-lo -nem a ele, nem ao Passos mais o seu governo.
Ouvi dizer hoje- mas não li nem ouvi - que se tiveres (é um exemplo) lá por casa um recibo de um restaurante onde tenhas feito despesa, arriscas-te a ser notificado pels finanças com co-responsável pelas eventuais dívidas desse restaurante. Será verdade que há pessoas a ser notificadas por causa disso? custa muito a acreditar, não acredito, é kafkaniano.

Edito: Pesquisei, é mesmo verdade!!!!

Clientes notificados para penhora de dívidas


Agora a parte pior (se possível), porque é completamente indigno


---
Passos, em vez de dizer que quer reduzir salários, diz que quer reduzir os custos de trabalho para as empresas. O Pai do actual Secretário de Estado da Energia foi contratado em 2013 como consultor da EDP (deixou o cargo anterior por "razões de saúde"). Se bem se lembram, o anterior Secretário de Estado (Henrique Gomes) foi demitido para aí uma semana depois de ter sido impedido de fazer uma intervenção no ISEG sobre o caso das rendas excessivas que tem como principal protagonista a EDP.

A situação é absurda mas a Comunicação Social está a distorcer a realidade. Não são as "dívidas fiscais" dos restaurantes que esses contribuintes estão ser chamados a pagar... eles estão, sim, a ser chamados a pagar o que "devem" aos restaurantes.

Basicamente, é o cenário kafkaniano do século XXI. Os donos dos restaurantes emitiram faturas dos almoços e jantares - mas nunca chegaram a depositar, na conta do restaurante, o dinheiro que receberam dos clientes. Para o sistema informático, é como se os clientes nunca tivessem pago - o restaurante tem um crédito (mentira, mas vocês entendem) sobre os clientes e, como as finanças estão a executar o restaurante, as finanças, por sua vez, fazem a penhora de créditos (que repito, não existem) dos clientes.

Tudo se deve ao sistema informático, no fundo. É uma máquina, já não são pessoas lá atrás... nada que com uma oposição à penhora não se afaste. Nem é preciso advogado.

[Knight of Heaven]

Mas eu pensava que as finanças era mais bolos.

Para os mais distraídos....
http://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/fi...da_214985.html

O Fisco penhorou quatro bolos a um restaurante no passado mês de Fevereiro no valor de 30 cêntimos, de acordo com a notificação de penhora a que o Diário Económico teve acesso. Esta não foi, segundo o advogado da empresa que não quis ser identificado, a única penhora feita para tentar garantir o pagamento de uma dívida de quase 92 mil euros: foi também penhorada uma conta bancária e... mais quatro bolos. Os fiscalistas ouvidos pelo Diário Económico consideram que a penhora de bens perecíveis é inútil e que serve como meio de coacção para que os contribuintes paguem a dívida.

.....

.....

[Ludicus]

Hehe.
Obrigado Vitor, e obrigado Knight of Heaven
---------
Já agora, deixo aqui- especialmente dedicado ao Passos Coelho - o "Apesar de Você" do Chico Buarque, proibido durante a ditadura militar. Sabem do que falo,do muito triste episódio do "elogio" fúnebre do Passos ao Mariano Gago. ("Apesar de")
https://youtu.be/1ZNNUU_AbXs

------------------

...Tenho muitas coisas novas...para contar, mas vou deixar para outra altura.

Presumo que música continua a ser uma parte importante da tua vida?...
Abraço!

[Knight of Heaven]

30 anos antes....

[fkizz]

http://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/merca...l_de_lixo.html

Moodys corta rating da Grécia para oitavo nível de lixo..

Sinceramente não me perguntem o que isto quer dizer, já faz lembrar os "Vários níveis do inferno" do Dante, ou o semi esoterismo das várias dimensões (7ª, 8ª) da fisica quantica

Após os falhanços recurrentes do Financial Times em prever a data do default da Grécia, já não é de se dar grande importância a estes supostos "gurus", penbso eu.

PS - parece que agora a União Europeia quer autorização das Nações Unidas para literalmente usar Força Militar para destruir barcos de imigrantes, de forma a lutar contra o referido problema da imigração:

http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/11/eu...ion/index.html

Bem eu acho que usar força militar contra imigrantes parece controverso, mas se desconcordar ainda sou considerado racista ou fascista por apresentar cepticismo perante a União Europeia.. Mesmo que seja opinião a favor dos imigrantes!


Mesmo assim não deixo de fazer um tópico: http://www.twcenter.net/forums/showt...3#post14512723

[Lord Consul]

Depois de tempos conturbados, em que viajei mundo afora, retorno hoje ao fórum. Como estão todos? Como está Portugal dado o caos de Atenas? Estive faz pouco na Grécia e a situação é impressionante - ainda pior do que me recordo da Argentina, em 2001.

[fkizz]

Depois de tempos conturbados, em que viajei mundo afora, retorno hoje ao fórum. Como estão todos? Como está Portugal dado o caos de Atenas? Estive faz pouco na Grécia e a situação é impressionante - ainda pior do que me recordo da Argentina, em 2001.

Basicamente, a Grécia está falida, mas admitir tal poderia questionar a viabilidade do Euro e competência dos líderes Europeus, portanto está a ser forçada a engolir empréstimos que não quer, e a entrar orgulhosamente em default, e a receber novos empréstimos, que os países do Norte já não querem fazer, mas o ESM obriga a tal coisa.

Estão a fazer os possíveis para esconder o falhanço das políticas na Grécia criando dívida infinita para o país.

Até já o próprio FMI admite que a dívida Grega é insustentável. Apenas as instituições Europeias da troika (ECB e Comissão Europeia) recusam tal coisa.

Lider do ECB suspeito de ser antigo colaborador a esconder a contabilidade Grega. Actual líder da Comissão Europeia já foi apanhado em fraudes fiscais. E são estes quem querem dar uma lição de "moral" ao Sul da Europa sobre "Ética".

[Knight of Heaven]

[portvcale 1200]

1619 Battle Lellopitiya ,Ceylon ( Sri Lanka )



The Portuguese Constantino de Sa e Noronha ( the God of the island of
Ceylon ) returned to Malvana like a moon encircled with stars

There our great lord Constantino de Sa seated in the midst of his brave
army like Sakraya in his glory ,on a throne shaded with a sesath

smiled upon his men and darting the light of his eyes upon them ,like bees
on the full-bloom flowers ,he brandished his dazzling blade and addressed
them thus :
let the prince Madune and Barreto in their ignorance of our might ,disturb
the lands from the Wanni side ,for I shall crush them with a heavy hand ,
with my victorious blade in my hand I plunge into the midst of war to make
the field of battle as a red sea ..

an endless stream of stately warriors crowded in front and rear ,mounted
on their horses and elephants ,with their swords and their bows and their
guns

our lord Constantino de Sa started from Malvana with his ministers ,like
an ocean wave

there on the bank of the great river he stood with his martial train and gazed
in delight like Sakraya on the margent of heaven ,and the sun sank in splendour
in the West ,our lord Constantino de Sa arose and entered the royal house

and as at early dawn the sun arose in the East ,Constantino de Sa and his
host awoke ,thus he advanced glorious and halted at Nivitigala

he reached Madawalagama where he rested for the night ,
and as the light of dawn scattered the darkness of the night ,our lord
Constantino de Sa awoke

next morning our troops went forth to meet the foe ,returning victorious
with many heads and on the second day our lord started again ,
reaching beautiful Sanwana in the evening

for with the roar of a thousand cannon and the deafening blast of music
our lord advanced on Meddegama Nuwara with his victorious host
and the city was set on fire

and now the enemy in their terror scatter in flight like timid deer
before the host of tigers

Constantino de Sa started his journey home and the army marched leisurely
on account of the sick and some who remained on the way were beheaded
by the enemy who came harassing the rearguard ,to avoid great danger ,
Constantino de Sa ordered Luis teixeira to go ahead with 100 portuguese
and 1 000 lascarins and lie in ambush at a narrow pass of the forest at
Lellopitiya

and changing the vanguard and rearguard by turns ,Constantino de Sa
pretended great haste in order to bait the enemy ,the cannon bursting on
them in thunder amidst the terrific peals of music ,our host sprang on them
from the ambush shouting their war cries ,thereupon they were charged by
Constantino de Sa with such impetuosity that more than 8 000 heads were
cut off

and piling up their heads like cocoanuts ,slicing off their arms and legs ,
noses and ears ,each striking down 5 and 10

with all the might of Rama in the Ravenna war ,they seized and punished
the foe

unnumbered heads lay scattered through the field

yea ,those teeth of the wicked Barreto ,rebel against God and his king of
Portugal were there dashed out ,thirty-two in all and well were his cheeks
slapped

a defeat so great that of the Modeliars alone 40 were killed

then like Sakraya returning victorious from the Asura war ,our lord
Constantino de Sa set out in triumph for Malvana

May the lord Jesus Christ protect all men
and his mother full of love
may they cherish Constantino de Sa in all prosperity

[portvcale 1200]

The Leopard’s Eating Place :
The Battle of Kotikapola ,12 April 1655


Facing a dire situation
the Portuguese Captain-General of Ceylon
replaced the incompetent Captain-Major of the 4 and 7 Korales
with the proven Gaspar Figueira de Serpe ('the Axe') .
Gaspar Figueira with the Portuguese of the Colombo garrison and the
few loyal Sinhalese lascarins ,
Figueira defeated the Kandyans at Malwana
and again at Kananapella ,
then destroyed Moorish vessels in the ocidenatl western ports of
Kalpitiya and Puttalam .

After further reinforcements arrived from Mannar (30 Jan),
Figueira led his men into the interior and,
having surprised them in their encampment at Arambepola ,
defeated the Kandyans yet again (Feb) .
The Kandyans fled to the hills above Balane pass,
and the Portuguese camped at Arandara .

Enraged by the Figueira's successes against his subordinates ,
Raja Sinha asks the Dutch to besiege the Portuguese at Kalutara,
the key to Colombo (19 Mar)
then advanced into the lowlands with 40,000 men (21 Mar) .
The Kandyan army made leisurely progress via the Kandy-Puttalam road .
This road passed through the Galagedara pass and across the
Kospatu Oya river at Kotiapola,
and 2 advanced guards
were sent forward to secure the route ;
8,000 men under the dissava of Uva
and
6,000 under the dissava of Matale .
Uva emcamped at Kotikapola and
Matale a mile further on at Pilessakanda .

When the Dutch besieged Kalutara from 3 sides (3 Apr)
the Portuguese Captain-General of Ceylon ordered Figueira back
to the coast to defend the Capital .
Figueira, however, had other ideas .
He had quickly heard of the advancing Kandyan horde,
and although he declined to tell his men so as not to discourage them,
he believed it better to face this threat than to succor Colombo .
To deceive the enemy he made it be know that he was heading for the
coast, but instead remained at Arandura.

On the night of 10 April
Figueira ordered that the camp fires be kept burning and that the camp
followers make merry,
then with 300 Portuguese soldados and 1,700 lascarins ,
he left headed east to Mottapuliya (11 Apr) .
The Portuguese breakfasted at 3 am,
and by day break (6 am)
were marching north (12 Apr).
Around 7 am they encountered a Kandyan scouting party, and drove them off.
Learning
from prisoners that Raja Sinha was camped at Kotikapola ,
Figueira divided his force in 2 :
Joaõ Coelho de Castro, dissiva of the 7 Korales, took 150 Portuguese
and 700 lascarin
to attack the dissiva of Matale at Pilessakanda .
The remainder of the force headed for the dissiva of Uva's emcampment
at Kotikapola .
Both forces
would have had to advance single file through the thick jungle;
it would seem the lascarins typically headed Portuguese columns.

Joaõ Coelho surprised and killed the dissiva of Matale and drove off his men .
Figueira didn't have it quite so easy.
Warned of the approaching Portuguese by fugitives from the earlier
skirmish at Mottapuliya,
the dissiva of Uva sent out 1,100 men
to harass Figueira as he advanced (12 noon).
Figueira ignored this threat to his flanks and pushed on.
After another 2 miles (at 1 pm) the lascarins at the head of Figueira's column
clashed
with Kandyans blocking the way.
Figueira and 20 Portuguese reformados rushed to the front and a
fierce fighting ensued.
When the remainder of the Portuguese managed to make their way to the
front of column (still being attacked from the flanks),
a volley drove off the Kandyans.
Figueira pursued vigorously killing any fugitives encountered;
within half an hour he had captured the dissiva of Uvas camp.
At this point fugitives from the camp of the dissiva of Matale arrived,
only to be driven into the jungle by Figueira.

Deciding that Raja Sinha would not come because
his subordiinates had been defeated,
Figueira
settled down to camp for the night .
The King, however, wasn't aware what had happened
and by 4 pm
Figueira was getting reports of a large force of Kandyans approaching
from the east.
Manoel Gil led 30 Portuguese and 650 lascarins off to disperse what was
believed to be survivors from earlier fights.
Figueira, however, hearing continuous firing from the jungle into
which Gil had disappeared,
sent Joaõ Coelho to investigate with another 180 Portuguese and 300 lascarin.
It turns out that 500 of Gil's lascarins had immediately deserted to join the
Kings forces,
leaving Gil's 180 remaining men to face the 10,000 of the dissiva of Tumpane.
Coelho's arrival saved Gil's tiny force,
and after a hard struggle the Portuguese put the Kandyans to flight.
Raja Sinha attempted to stem the rout on the eastern side of Kospatu Oya,
but eventually fled himself.
Only the King's Dutch bodyguard stood their ground and covered the flight
of the Kandyans.
Coelho did not pursue and rejoined Figueira by nightfall (6 pm).
Depending on the source your read the Kandyans lost between 300 and 16,000
killed and captured.
The Portuguese had 4 soldados wounded, 4 lascarins killed and 20 wounded.
The portuguese and lascarins cut off 11 000 heads ,1 600 prisoners ,captured
700 muskets .

The last and most successful of the Portuguese victories against the native Sinhalese


Order of Battle
On 12 April 1655 Gaspar Figueira de Serpe had :

• 8 companies of 30 Portuguese Soldados
• 1 company of 37 topazes (mixed Portuguese-Sinhalese blood) and 20 reformados (Portuguese captains currently without a command)
• At least 500 lascarins from the recently recovered Seven Korales
• At least 150 lascarins from the Alukuru Korale near Dutch held Negombo.
• The remainder of the 1,700 (or 4,000) lascarin were from the Four Korales.
• A few Caffirs (Negros from Mozambique)

On 12 April 1655 Raja Sinha had 40,000 (or 19,000 or 20,000) men including :

• 3,000 with gingal
• 9,000 with muskets
• 13,000 with bows
• 15,000 with spears
• 30 Elephants
• 30-32 Dutchmen with Snaphaans

The Kandyan army was divided amongst the dissivas of Kandy, Uva, and Matale .
The men of Uva were considered the best fighters.

[portvcale 1200]

The Portuguese in Thailand and Burma ( Myanmar)
( Os Portugueses na Tailandia e Birmania ( Myanmar)



1515 Battle of Me Wang
in 1515 in Thailand ,the king of Siam Ramathibodi II and the portuguese and many
muskets defeated the forces of Chiang Mai ,a fierce battle was fought on the banks
of the Me Wang River ,the Chiang Mai were defeated ( Chiang Mai “Kingdom
of a Million Rice Fields )


1564 Battle of the Menam Valley
Bra Mahein prince of Siam and the portuguese are defeated ,the Thai and the
portuguese ( Kala Brin-gyi ) killed many Burmese cavalry ,the Burmese were
saved by Maha Upayaza and by the king of Toungoo ,and the Thai and the
portugueses were defeated ( The Siamese ,aided by a few Portuguese free-lances ,
made 2 attempts to stay the progress of the immense Burmese army )


1542 Battle of northern Prom
The king of Burma and Shan chiefs march to relieve Prome but Bureng Naung ,
aided by Portuguese guns and gunners ,defeats them ,Bureng Naung marched
to meet the Shan army ,and utterly defeated it a few miles to the north of Prome ,
Tabinshwehti meet a powerful counter-attack launched against Prome by the Shan
ruler of Ava in league with the sawbwas of six of the Shan states ,with the help of
his Portuguese gunners he won a decisive victory ( The King at Ava, however ,sent
down an army ,Bureng Naung marched first to meet the Shan army from Ava ,and
utterly defeated it ,the Portuguese gunners ,whom he had brought with him ,helping
very materially in bringing about this victory


1542 Battle of Padaung Pass
Bayinnaung and the portuguese defeated the Arakanese army ,the Arakanese
army were routed by Toungoo muskets and artillery ( in the rout of the Shan
and Arakanese auxiliary armies ,the guns brought into the field by Tabinshweti ,
and served by Portuguese gunners ,played a chief part )


1539 Battle of Naungyo
Hanthawaddy army forces consisted of 80 000 men ,800 horses and 200 elephants ,
Toungoo army was led by Bayinnaung ,their total strength was 10 000 men ,500
horses and 50 elephants ,Hanthawaddy army included portuguese and Indian
mercenaries with guns


1544 Battle of Prome
In 1544 the ruler of Ava ,Hkonmaing ,and the sawbwas of six states ,Mohnyin ,
Momeik ,Hsenwi ,Bhamo ,Yawnghwe and Monk ,united in a counter-attack to
recover Prome ,their flotilla of war-boats was easily dispersed by Tabinshwehti’s
Portuguese gunners and a decisive victory resulted


1550 Battle of Pegu
Xemindo ( Smin Htaw ) with 200 000 men ,85 portuguese and 5 000 elephants
marched to the city of Pegu and defeated 800 000 men led by Zemin ,Zemin was
killed by the portuguese Gonzalo Neto


1550 Battle of Pegu
Bayinnaung with Burmans ,Mons and 39 portuguese defeated Xemindo
( Smin Htaw ) outside of Pegu ,Xemindo lost 400 000 men


1593 Battle of Nong Sarai
the king of Siam Naresuen ( Bra Narit ) and his brother Ekatotsarot and the
portuguese and the Japanese defeated the Burmese


1538 Chiang Krai
An army from Ayutthaya drove a Burmese occupation force from Chiang Krai ,an
Ayutthayan vassal ,the Ayutthayan’s were assisted by Portuguese mercenaries


1548 Siege of Ayutthaya
King Tabinshwehti attacked Siam in 1548 ,but was defeated ,Tabinshwehti
moved in great state surrounded by the choicest elephants ,richly attired lords ,
and 400 portuguese guards whose helmets and muskets were inlaid with gold
for they provided a bodyguard as well as artillery ,the Siamese possessed cannon
and the weakest part of the wall was defended by 50 portuguese ,Tabinshwehti tried
to bribe them ,after a month the Burmese withdrew ( both sides had portuguese )


1766 Battle of Bangauk River
the Siamese with 1510 ships with big guns manned by portuguese
( Kala Panthes ) and 60 000 men led by Bala Dewa ,Paya Kuratit ,
Paya Barabat and Paya Ramaya were defeated by the Burmese ,the
Siamese lost 810 ships and 2 000 men


1541 Martaban
Tabinshwehti attacked Martaban ,for the attack he recruited Mon levies
and a force of portuguese mercenaries armed with muskets and light
artillery ,Martaban also was defended by a company of portuguese ,
Tabinshwehti carried the city by storm ,Martaban fell in 1541


1614 Tenasserim
The Burmese under Anaukpetlun were repulsed at Tenasserim by Thai and
Portuguese forces


In the reign of King Chai Racha, ( 1534-1547 ) the Portuguese were
conscripted to take part in the battle between Ayutthaya and northern
towns ,from king Chairacha to king Narai 1534-1688 portuguese soldiers
officially worked as the kings bodyguard


Portuguese served regularly in the Burmese army ,generally in the bodyguard
units

[portvcale 1200]

53 Lugares queimados na Galiza no Ano de 1641 :

1641 Fezes de Cima
1641 Fezes de Baixo
1641 Mandim
1641 Vila Frade
1641 Lama Darcos
1641 Cambedo
1641 Rastoal
1641 Tamaguelos
1641 São Cibrão
1641 Uimbra
1641 O Rosal
1641 Mouraços
1641 Tamagos
1641 Serzeda
1641 Bediferre
1641 Espeuho
1641 Bezeus
1641 As Châus
1641 Casas dos Montes
1641 Amadelina
1641 S. Cristovão
1641 Vila de Mideiros
1641 Vila Maior Gironda
1641 S. Milhão
1641 Freires
1641 Lucença
1641 Busesis
1641 A Granja
1641 A Pedrosa
1641 Sotto Dias
1641 Vilaredo de Cotta
1641 Vilar de Rey
1641 Enxames
1641 Arsadegos
1641 Palheiros
1641 Torroxo
1641 Vilar de Servos
1641 Alviga
1641 S. Romão
1641 A Bemposta
1641 O Tonho
1641 Tres Igrejas
1641 A Devesa
1641 Igreja
1641 Butelo
1641 A Muimenta
1641 Dona Elvira
1641 Vilar da Voz
1641 Lamas Deite
1641 Mansalejos
1641 Cagados
1641 Castro Mil de Castela
1641 Castro Mil de Galiza


Francisco de Távora toma 110 lugares em Espanha em 1667 :

1667 Tamaguelos
1667 Mourazos
1667 Rosal
1667 Feris de Cima
1667 Vila Maior de Gironda
1667 São Milhão
1667 Medeiros
1667 San Cristóbal
1667 Santa Vaia
1667 Mandim
1667 Baltar
1667 Niño de Aguia
1667 Vila Maior da Boutosa
1667 São Paio da Badis
1667 S. Lourenço de Tozende
1667 Santiago
1667 Rubias
1667 São João
1667 Rendim
1667 Santiago de Baixo
1667 Requiais
1667 Vilar de Voz
1667 Pedrosa
1667 Bouço
1667 Gravelos
1667 Tijoes
1667 Gumares
1667 Eixames
1667 Godim
1667 Tamágos
1667 Maos
1667 Tourem
1667 Uimbra
1667 Bouzeis
1667 Moinhos
1667 Salhariz
1667 Nugueira
1667 Prado
1667 Gomar
1667 São Fernando
1667 Prado Novo
1667 Fustras
1667 Larohá
1667 Pijeirós
1667 Pereiro
1667 Sabuzedo
1667 Parada
1667 Conclos
1667 Moreiros
1667 Vilela
1667 Mosteiro
1667 Vilar de Lebres
1667 Moimenta
1667 Lobos
1667 Tres Mires
1667 Coaledo
1667 Vilaça
1667 Atais
1667 Pinados
1667 Nuzelos
1667 Vilar de Servos
1667 Freiris
1667 A Madanela
1667 Sendim
1667 São Martinho
1667 Lusença
1667 A Sezedo
1667 Larcohá
1667 Vilar de Rey
1667 Soutelo
1667 Santo Antonio
1667 Santo Antoninho
1667 Alvarelhos
1667 A Babidis
1667 Pinheiro
1667 Infesta
1667 Santa Valhadalimia
1667 Rebordachá
1667 Somis
1667 Salharis
1667 Lodozelo
1667 Freixo
1667 Fambre
1667 Nuzedo de Pena
1667 Escarnabois
1667 Coais
1667 Souto Chão
1667 Berrande
1667 Arsohá
1667 Crastelos de Baixo
1667 S. Vicente
1667 Dona Ilvira
1667 Verguinha
1667 Riós
1667 Vilarinho da Toussa
1667 A Barreira
1667 Vilar de Flor
1667 Tameirão
1667 Crastelos de Monte Rey
1667 Passos
1667 Guiçaes
1667 Covas
1667 Fiaes
1667 Arsadegos
1667 Salhariz
1667 São Salvador
1667 Barsia
1667 Couto

[portvcale 1200]

Battles in Sri Lanka
Portuguese at war in Ceylon ( Sri Lanka )
( Some Battles – Most are Portuguese Victories )
( 87 Battles )
1518-1655


1518 Battle Santa Barbara Fort
In 1518 the Sinhalese and Muslims jointly attacked the fort in Columbo
,the Portuguese led by Dom Joao silveira one night with a small bando of
picked men ,he fell upon the besieged camp with such resolution that taken
unawares they took to flight leaving arms and many their lives ,Silveira
ordered a padram to be erected with this inscription : on this spot 40
Portuguese obtained the Victory over 3 000 Moors


1521 Battle Columbo
Vijaya Bahu besieged Columbo on 7 of may ,for a period of 5 months ,
in october Lopo de brito leave the fortress and destroy the enemy trenches ,
Proytela Rala with 2 000 men and 150 wadakkara horses and 25 elephants
offered to retake the trenches ,the elephants were hit by bullets and ran
over their own men ,and the portuguese with loud shouts attacked them
with spears and killed many in their reach


1525 Battle Columbo
15 february ,Nuno freire de andrada with 20 portuguese and Salapuri
Arache with 600 men dawned in Columbo ,and attacked the Malabares
on land ,and defeated them and killed many ,the battle was bloodthirsty ,
the Malabares fled and some went into the woods and others threw
themselves into the sea ,the enemy líder Baleacem fled in shame


1525 Battle Columbo
3 months later ,the Malabares returned again on 3 may ,and went to Columbo
where there were only 8 portuguese ,Nuno freire de andrada and Vira
poli arachi ( Wirappuli arache ) with 600 Sinhalese they gave battle to the
Malabares who were already camped on land ,the Malabares were defeated
witth many deaths and some fled to the boats and others to Ceitavaca


1538 Battle Beadalá
Martim afonso de sousa with 400 portugueses defeated Pate Marcar
( Pate Marakkar ) that had 4 000 men in Beadalá ( Veladai ) we
captured 1 500 muskets



1539 Battle Negombo
Miguel ferreira defeated the Mappillas ( Malabares ) in Negombo in 1539 ,
the Malabares were in open field close to ships ,many died and others
escaped ,the portuguese captured boats and weapons ,the victorious
portuguese army withdraws to Cota ( the ruin of the Malabar army )


1539 Battle Gurubevila
Miguel ferreira with 300 portuguese and the king of Cota Bhunaveka Bahu VII
with 7 000 lascarins and Tribule with 11 000 Chingalas marched to
Gurubevila ,and there they were attacked by a considerable force of
Men ,elephants and artillery ,the portuguese defeated the Ceitavaca army
( the portuguese in 1539 defeated Mayadunne and their moorish allies )
the march was opposed by a considerable force of men and elephants
assisted by artillery


1550 Battle Navagamuva
Madune was in Ceitavaca when the portuguese took the stockades ,
D. Jorge de castro marched to Ceitavaca ,which is 2 leagues away ,
the portuguese went out into the open ,where Madune waited for us
with all his strenght ,a cruel battle took place ,Madune was defeated
in Navagamuva ( Nawagamuwa ) ,Madune fled to the mountains of
Dinavaca


1551 Battle Cota
Madune with his army was a league from the city of Cota and
approaching her ,set up his army in her sight ,Tribuli Pandar seeing
that audacity ,gathered the people who could and with him some
portuguese ,and coming out againts Madune fought a fierce battle ,
where the portuguese at the vanguard made wonders and defeated
the enemies and plucked them from the field


1551 Battle Ceitavaca
D. Afonso de Noronha with 3 000 portuguese and Tribuli pandar
with 4 000 Sinhalese they were against Madune ,Madune fortified
3 stockades with a lot of people and he stayed out with 3 000 men ,
Our men took the 3 stockades by force ,and marching to Ceitavaca ,
Those in the vanguarda had some encouters with Madune ,in which
they defeated him completely and Madune fled to the mountains
called Deraniyagala ( Madune was defeated in a battle in sight of
Ceitavaca - Sitawaka )


1555 Battle Kalu Ganga
Tibirinpola bandara and Tikiri bandara with 300 portuguese marched
towards Pelenda to attack Vidiye bandara ,after crossing the limpid waters
of the Pelen Ganga the allied forces were met and attacked by Vidiye bandara
who after a hard-fought battle was forced to flee to Tanavaré


1555 Battle Puwack Welley Totta
Vidiye bandara ( Tribuli pandar ) fled from Pelenda and to make himself
Lord of the 7 corlas killed the prince Rajah edirimanna from Urunguré ,
The Cota army and the portuguese led by Dharma Pawla Rajah went to
the 7 Corlas and they put themselves in Puwack Welley Totta ,
Wicrama Sinha came against the portuguese and advanced to Puwack
Welley Totta ,here the battle began ,both sides had casualties
( battle Elletota )


1560 Battle Mulleriyawa
The portuguese marched out with a large army and halted
at Héwágama ,Wikramasinha mudali advanved to give battle
and met the portuguese in the village of Mulleriyáwa ,where
the fight commenced ,in this battle thousands of Wikramasinha
mudali´s army fell ,Wikramasinha mudali himself was wounded
and being defeated retreated to Héwágama ,the portuguese having
made much slaughter and obtained Victory rested at Mulleriyáwa


1560 Battle Mulleriyawa
( second battle Mulleriyawa ) Dom Jorge withdraws because the soldiers no longer had ammunition ,
Rajasinha attaked us with such force that it defeated us ,many portuguese died who fought valiantly ,
the portuguese were surrounded ,Dom Jorge with some portuguese escaped


1560 Battle Rio Don Constantino
Luis de melo da silva with 400 portuguese and a Sinhalese called Urulinga
with 1 500 lascarins chase the king of Jaffna and reached a river that divides
the land of Jaffna from Tricomalee state and discovered the king of Jaffna
across the river with reinforcements that sent the Vaneá of Tricomalee ,next
day they attacked us and the king of Jaffna was defeated ( the river that divides
Jaffna from Tricomalee is the Salt Lake or River Don Constantino )


1562 Battle Mullereiyawa
in1562 Ekanayake’s forces, composed of 4,000 Singhalese and 4 elephants,
raid the lands of Kotte. Balthazar Guedes de Sousa with 250 Portuguese and
800 Lascars defeats them in Mulleriyawa and Pelonaua. Ekanayake’s banner captured.


1576 Battle Weragoda
Diogo de melo Coutinho knew that Vurupu modeliar had arrived at Betal
with 2 500 men and 4 elephants ,Diogo de melo was against him ,25 july
of 1576 Diogo de melo with 450 portuguese and 700 lascarins met the
enemy in Varagore ( Weragoda ) the battle lasted 4 hours ,the elephants
killed 13 of our lascarins ,and although the enemy received reinforcements
they were defeated by the portuguese ,Pedro gonçalves killed the Vurupu
modeliar


1582 Battle Balana
In 1582 Karaliyadde Bandara with 60 000 men and 150 portuguese
Was defeated by Rajasinha that had 30 000 men ,in Balana a great battle
was fought ,thousands died in this battle


1584 Battle Beligâo
In 1584 Pedro homem and Ambrosio leitão went to Beligâo ( Weligama ) ,
the portuguese disembark in front of the town and the lascarins on the
left bank of the river ,a large body of people came to defend the landing ,
with which our people had a risky battle ,the lascarins in the portuguese
army attacked the Sinhalese from Beligâo from behind and defeated them


1586 Battle Verastodta
3-may 1586 ,advanced Paliconde arache with 2 000 men untill the field of
Mapane doing all the damage possible ,and when he tried to withdraw ,
Francisco gomes leitão with 300 portuguese and the modeliar Pedro afonso
with 700 lascarins they founde Paliconde arache in the river Verastodta
( Werastota ) Paliconde arache was defeated ,and the portuguese cut off his
head and 50 of them died


1587 Naval Battle Columbo
4-october ,Tomé de sousa de Arronches with 12 boats defeated the Sinhalese
fleet of more than 28 boats ,the Sinhalese lost 4 boats ,and had more than 300
dead and captives ,Rajasinha was so angry with the bad success that he had
2 of the main chiefs beheadded


1588 Battle Matacoré
Visacom modeliar withdraw from Columbo ,1 600 portuguese and 700
Lascarins shase them ,Visacom modeliar arriving at the Matacoré bridge ,
stopped on the bridge in the other side ,in which the portuguese had a great
battle with him ,Visacom modeliar won the bridge ,Joao pereira came to the
rescue and attacking the Sinhalese he won the bridge again with great mortality
,and followed the enemy who was in disarray until the Calane river


1591 Battle Diago
Francisco da silva with 150 portuguese and 400 lascarins marched along
unexplored paths and in Diago encoutered a large enemy force constitued
by foreigners and 3 elephants ,the portuguese defeated them and they fled


1591 Battle Rio Cardiva
Expedition of Andre de furtado de Mendonça to Jaffna ,Andre furtado
de Mendonça in the Cardiva river defeated the fleet of Cutimuza of 22
boats


1592 Battle Baia Talimanar
The portuguese fleet of 8 boats defeated 12 boats ( Tones ) from Tanjor
,more than 400 Badagas and Moors and Malabares were killed and 200
were made prisoners


1593 Battle Orutota
The Perumal ( Mannamperuma ) with 3 000 men went to reinforce the
pass of Orutota ,the captain of Columbo ordered to Wikramasinha
( Bicarna Singa ) and D. Diogo da silva that with 1 000 lascarins and
50 portuguese was in demand of Perumal ,25-april these forces appeared
in Orutota ,Diogo da silva was wounded and the portuguese were defeated ,
and the head of Diogo da silva carried in triumph to Ceitavaca


1594 Battle Halloluwa
Ambush in Halloluwa ,during the looting to Halloluwa the portuguese lost
time to looting the village ,7 000 Kandyans set up an ambush and attacked
the portuguese ,the portuguese were defeated ,Alvaro de souza and few lascarins escaped


1594 Battle Danture
368 portuguese and few lascarins are defeated by 10 000 or 20 000
Sinhalese ,october


1595 Battle Galgudeze
Jerónimo de Azevedo and D. João perea pandar ( Dharmapala ) fought
with Edirille Rala ( Domingos correa ) on the plain of Galgudeze
( Agalagodera ) ,Edirille Rala attacked our vanguard and rearguard
with a large force and 12 elephants ,Lucas de mesquita was killed in the
vanguard ,in this battle 134 portuguese were killed and 118 were wounded
,the 102 portuguese attacked the enemy and defeated them with many deads
and they withdrew ,Edirille Rala was wounded


1595 Battle Horana
The portuguese arrived at Horana where the enemy was waiting for us
with all his strength ,the battle took place ,the enemy attacked the portuguese ,
almost all portuguese were injured ,when appeared our friend D. Diogo samarakon
with 500 Christians Tupazes and attacked the enemy with such
fury that Iddagoda Naide ( João Fernandes ) was killed and the head raised
on a spear and the enemy was defeated


1596 Battle Uduwara
D. Fernando Modeliar with some portuguese camped at Uruvêre
( Uduware ) came agaisnt us Edirille Rala ( Domingos Corrêa )
supported by the king of Candy Wimala Dharma with 10 000 men ,
Edirille Rala advanced with 5 000 men ,leaving the king at a distance ,
because he wanted the Victory for himself ,Dom Fernando attacked and
forced Edirille Rala to withdraw ,and our men were in pursuit killing
more than 1 000 ,and 300 were made prisoners


1596 Battle Elláwala
Wimala Dharma sent 2 000 Sinhalese against Salvador pereira da silva
which was in a trench ,Jeronimo de Azevedo sent 150 soldiers and 500
lascarins to the portuguese ,the portuguese defeated the Sinhalese at
Elláwala ,the enemy leader was killed called the Modeliar Vezi Singa
( Victory of Elláwala or Elawala or Elavela )


1597 Battle Corvite
Dom Joao king of Kandy with 4 000 men from Uva and Dinavaca marched
to the fort of Corvite ( Kuruvita ) in the fort was Salvador pereira da silva ,
Salvador pereira left the fort one night with the soldiers and attacked the
Sinhalese with fury ,and the Sinhalese were defeated ,Salvador pereira
shase them and killed 1 000 Sinhalese and took 2 elephants ( Victory of
Corvite or Kuruwita ) this Victory was so famous that the Sinhalese gave
a nickname to Salvador pereira da silva : captain Corvite


1597 Battle Runa
Navaratna Bandara ( Simão Corrêa ) fortified himself in Runa near
Katuwana with 1 000 rifles and left ambushed in the bush 2 000
Sinhalese to attack us from behind ,Simão pinhão and D. Fernando
Samarakon with 150 portuguese and 2 000 lascarins attacked the enemy
fort ,the 2 000 Sinhalese from the ambush attacked us from behind and
we left the fort and we attacked the 2 000 Sinhalese and defeated them
on 25-september


1597 Battle Runa
In Runa near Katuwana another battle took place ,the potugueses defeated
the Sinhalese ,we did such damage and destrution to them ,the flower of the
people of Kandy died here ,566 heads were piled at Runa


1598 Battle Seven Corlas
The tyrant D. Joao of Candy sent a army of 3 000 men to fortify himself
in Seven Corlas ,Salvador pereira and Simao pinhao attacked the army
of the Seven Corlas ,and found resistance ,in this the rebel Simao correa
that was at the top of the mountain attacked the portuguese from behind ,
but the portuguese fought with them with astonishing fury ,and after the
battle lasted a long time ,the Sinhalese were defeated


1599 Battle Panaliya
Salvador pereira da silva with 200 portuguese and 2 000 lascarins
marched along the Maha Oya river ,next day passed the river in
Etgaletota ,when the portuguese cleared the bush in Etgaletota in
the village of Panaliya ,the enemy attacked from many sides ,the
Portuguese resisted valiantly ,and after a terrible battle ,the enemy
was defeated with death and captivity of many


1599 Battle Sofregâo
Simão pinhão with a company of soldiers and 800 lascarins found
the enemy in the place of Sofregâo ,and after having a fierce battle
with them took them from the field ,killing many of them


1599 Battle Kiriwallapitiya
22-april ,1599 , Simão pinhão marched to attack Kiriwallapitiya
( Kirivallapitiya ) the garrison made an exit at the same time as
others enemies descended from the mountains ,Afonso moro died
in the fight ,and the Sinhales retreated to the fort ,our men chase
them ,and we enterd the fort ,while those of the mountains
withdraw ,we captured Kiriwallapitiya


1599 Battle Balitote
The tyrant of Kandy blamed the king of Uva for the bad successes
and removed from the post of field general ,and gave it to a prince
,this prince with all the people went against the fort of Balitote ,the ´
Prince attacked the fort with skirmish of musket ,Salvador pereira
went out with the troops and attacked them with such fury that defeated
them


1600 Battle Seven Corlas
Jeronimo de Azevedo sent to do in that place of Catu Cambala a
fort of wood ,a new enemy force appeared in the Seven Corlas ,
there was a fierce fight there ,where the enemy attacked our rearguard
with great fury ,but they found such resistance in our men ,that with the
death of many they were defeated and fled ( winter of 1600 )


1603 Battle Balana
One night being Jeronimo de Azevedo in Balana ,the lascarins in the
Portuguese army deserted under the command of Kangara Arachi ,
Jereonimo de Azevedo decides withdraw at dawn ,before the sun rose
our field was surrounded by many Sinhalese playing drums and giving
loud war cries ,Jeronimo de Azevedo withdraw from Balane always
fighting with the enemy


1603 Battle Alauwa
The Sinhalese watching the rout of the portuguese ,they persecuted us
in such a way that they did not gave an hour of rest ,the portuguese
ambushed the Sinhalese in Alauwa and killed many of his men ,the
portuguese also ambushed the Sinhalese in Bocalagáma ( Bokalagama )
and Vaderua ( Wadurawa ) killing many of them


1611 Battle Mahaweli Ganga
Dom Jeronimo de Azevedo with 5 000 lascarins and 700 portuguese
arrived on the river of Kandy ,which was very fortified ,because on the
other side was all the power of the king of Kandy ,the king of Kandy
fortified in the Mahaweli Ganga river bank with 10 000 men was
defeated by the portugueses with many deaths and great damage


1612 Battle Seven Corlas
The emperor of Kandy sent 5 000 men to avenge the massacre of
Cottiar ,Simao correia and the portuguese who began to withdraw
were persecuted ,until the portuguese met the enemy at the borders
of Seven Corlas ,the portuguese were defeated ,23 were killed


1615 Battle Matarata
Manuel Mascarenhas homem crossing the kingdom of Kandy to the
Uva ,in the Matarata mountains ,the enemy fought with our rearguard ,
without effect of consideration


1616 Battle Matale
Manuel cesar ,Filipe de oliveira ,Antonio da mota and Luis gomes pinto
with 10 companies made an assault in the kingdom of Kandy ,and destroyed
and burned everything ,and had a battle with the enemy in Matale ,where
we cut off 35 heads and the portuguese captured some Araches and
Modeliares ( april -1616 )


1616 Battle Gandola
18-december ,Manuel cesar with 220 portuguese and 1 000 lascarins
defeated Nicapete (Nikapitiya Bandara) that had 4 000 men in Gandola
( Gandolaha ) Nicapete fled to the Seven Corlas ,in this battle half of the
Lascarins in the portuguese army deserted



1616 Battle Quilela
Manuel cesar defeated again the amy of Nicapete composed of 24 000
men ,the 2 armies faced each other in Quilela (Kal Eliya ) in the battle
1 000 men were killed ,Nicapete fled to Dambadeniya ( Victory of Queilela )


1617 Battle Beligal Corla
The portuguese went to Diomede ( Dewamedda ) and crossing all
the Urupala ( Walpola ) went to settle in Atalispava ( Hatalispauwa )
and one night the portuguese went to Beligal Corla ,where they found
the enemy that attacked our rearguard ,the portuguese repelled the enemy ,
and finally we went to Galbaragama


1617 Battle Anorajapure
Luis gome pinto advanced against Nicapete ,and reached Nicapete in the
deserts of Anorajapure (Anuradha Pura) and defeated him ,Nicapete fled


1619 Battle Lellopitiya
Constantino de sá e Noronha with 600 portuguese and 1 500 lascarins
burned Meddegama ,and retreating to Sofragâo the enemy came
attacking our rear ,Constantino de sá e Noronha sent Luis teixeira with
100 portugueses and 1 000 lascarins to make an ambush in Lellopitiya ,
the Sinhalese arrived at Sofregâo and was attacked by Luis Teixeira ,also
attacked Constantino de sá e Noronha ,the Sinhalese were defeated ,we
beheaded 8 000 Sinhalese ,Madune and Barreto fled , Kangara Arache
had the head cut off


1619 Battle Talampitiya
Constantino de Sa e Noronha and Francisco de brito and the captain
of the field Constantino de sa de miranda with the rest of the portuguese
went to meet the enemy that was in Talapiti ( Talampitiya ) and coming
to across our vanguard Madune was defeated ,with the loss of some men
,Madune retreated to the hills of Muratena ( Moratenna )


1619 Battle Vannarponnai
Felipe de oliveira with 130 portuguese and Luis cabral de faria with
3 000 lascarins defeated Chingali Comara II (Cankili Kumaran II) in
the fields of Vannarponnai ( Banarepane )


1620 Battle Jaffna
Migapulle Arachi ( Arache Dom Luiz ) with 30 000 men came to expel the
portuguese from Jaffna ,Felipe de oliveira was rescued by Luis Teixeira
with 1 600 men ,both went out on the field and after a severe battle ,the
enemy was defeated with great slaughter


1620 Battle Putur
The prince of Ramacor ( Rameswaram ) came to help the defeated ,the prince
of Rameswaram landed with about 600 or 700 men and marched towards Putur
some distance away from Nallur ,he was defeated and captured


1620 Battle Nallur
Bornagolate king of Carcas ( Careás ) and Chem Naik with 2 000 Badagás
came against the portuguese ,Felipe de oliveira in november found the enemy
,and a furious battle ensued ,Felipe de oliveira was wounded in the mouth ,
the Badagás were defeated and retreated to the trenches ( book : Fidalgos
in the kingdom of jafanapatam ) december


1621 Battle Nallur
Felipe de oliveira receiving reinforcements of 1 000 men on january 14
of 1621 attacked the enemy and defeated them with great slaughter ,the
field was strewn with headless bodies and the heads placed in the trees
of Putur ( 14 january 1621 de Oliveira attacked the enemy encampments
at Nalllur )


1621 Battle Atchuvely
The Naike of Tanjore gathered more Badagás and came agaisnt the
Portuguese , Luis oliveira met with them on 11 february of 1621 ,the
Naike of Tanjore was again defeated ,the portuguese brought 1 000
heads on the point of the spear


1629 Battle Ambatenna
The Sinhalese defeated the portuguese ,both sides claim victory ,the
Portuguese also defeated the Sinhalese ,the 2 armies met in Ambatenna ,
the battle lasted from dawn until noon ,the portuguese forced the
Sinhalese forces to retire across the river



1629 Battle Pachelapali
Domingos carvalho cão and Luis teixeira de maçedo with 200 portuguese
and 7 000 lascarins come to the rescue of Jaffna ,and found the Sinhalese
from Kandy on the other side of the river on the plain of Pachelapali ,Luis
Teixeira crossed the river with 3 000 lascarins and Domingos carvalho
forded the river inland ,and attacked and defeated the Sinhalese ,the
portuguese beheaded 5 000 Sinhalese and the enemy leader called Modeliar
Attapatu was beheaded ( book : the portuguese in ceylon 1617-1638, pag 210 )


1630 Battle Randeniwela
20 000 Sinhalese defeated 580 portuguese and 120 topazes and casados
and 4 500 lascarins in Randeniwela (Rat Daneiyey Wela) near Wellawaya
,the lascarins in the portuguese army deserted the portuguese ,Constantino
de sá e Noronha was killed and the enemy cut off his head ,Jeronimo rajapakse ,
Dom Cosmo ,Dom Aleixeio ,Theodosio and Dom Barthazar deserted the portuguese


1630 Battle Nacolegâo
In october reinforcements arrive to the portuguese ,11 november
In the Pass of Nacolegâo the portuguese reached a Victory over the
Sinhalese ,causing losses to the enemy who fled leaving many weapons
( Victory in Nagalagama ,11 november ) near Columbo


1631 Battle Panaturé
The king of Kandy retired ,leaving the prince Mha Astana in the defense
of the low lands and guarding the borders ,there was a battle in Panaturé
( Panadura ) where many heads were cut off


1632 Battle Kaduwala
When the portuguese arrived within sight of Kaduwala they found the
passage occupied by a Sinhalese force ,and many of them were slaughter ,
the general Dom Jorge de almeida gave 3 or 4 pistols for each enemy
head that was brought to him ,the fort of Tranqueira Grande ( Kaduwala )
was taken


1632 Battle Daladagamwela
The 2 princes Maha Astana and Vijayapala were defeated by the
portuguese in Daladagamwela


1632 Battle Methiangane
The 2 princes Maha Astana and Vijayapala were defeated by the
portuguese in Methiangane ( the portuguese in ceylon 1617-1638,
pag 280 )


1638 Battle Gannoruva
Diogo de melo de castro invades Kandy with 700 portuguese ,
300 black people ,200 Indianos and 500 lascarins and a regiment
of Topazes ,the 2 kings Vijayapala and the king Rajasinha II with
15 000 Sinhalese and 1 000 men from Madura defeated the portuguese
in Gannoruva ,Diogo de melo de castro is killed ,the lascarins in the
portuguese army deserted the portuguese


1638 Battle Embalawa
The portuguese went to the Seven Corlas ,where Siyane Korale Bandara
and Dom pedrinho were occupying the mountain of Embalawa ( Ambalua )
,in janyary 1638 the portuguese arrived to the hill and attacked the enemy
,who resisted until noon ,when D. Pedrinho sallied out wih his men ,he was
killed and the enemy withdrew and the portuguese were in pursuit and
caused great slaughter in them ,and the portuguese only stopped killing in
Laoa


1640 Battle Caimel
The Dutch landed in a village called Caimel ( Kammala ) with
3 500 men in 3 squads ,Francisco de Mendonça attacked the Dutch
but he was defeated and the portuguese fled to Columbo


1643 Battle Curaça
Battle in Curaça (Akuressa) where 400 Dutch and great number of
Sinhalese were defeated by the portuguese commanded by Antonio
da mota galvao ,the battle lasted 5 hours ,100 Dutch were killed ,50
were made prisoners ,the portuguese had 25 killed and 67 wounded


1644 Battle Negombo
The Dutch formed 7 battalions each one of 600 men ,D. Antonio mascarenhas
and Antonio da mota galvao attacked them ,but the portuguese were defeated ,
D. Antonio mascarenhas and Antonio da mota galvao were killed


1652 Battle Thiara
The king of Kandy sent one Dissava called Comdume to attack the Dissava
of the Four Corlas Joaô botado de seixas that was in the village of Thiara
with 40 soldiers and 1 500 lascarins ,Comdume brought 3 000 Sinhalese
and with all confidence attaked the portuguese ,and a fierce battle ensued
that lasted 2 hours ,Joao botado de seixas killed the Dissava Comdume and
defeated the Sinhalese ,the Sinhalese had more than 600 men killed


1653 Battle Vedava
The Sinhalese raised a trench in a strong place in the mountain of Vedava
( Vedávola ) the brave Gaspar figueira de serpe marched and attacked the
trench but the Sinhalese were many and the portuguese were repulsed ,
animated the Sinhalese jumped out of the trench ,but the portuguese
attacked so fiercely that not only defeated those o left the trench as
climbed the trench and killed more than 100 enemies


1654 Naval Battle Columbo
5 portuguese boats defeated 3 Dutch boats


1654 Naval Battle Columbo
11 Dutch boats defeated 3 portuguese boats


1654 Battle Tebuna
Battle in the village of Tebuna ,Antonio mendes aranha with 570
Portuguese in the palce of Tebuna met the Dutch that had 700 men
and 1 000 Sinhalese and Bandanezes ,the portuguese were attacked ,
the battle lasted 2 hours and the Dutch were defeated


1654 Battle Caloámodra
The portuguese after defeating the first Dutch squadron ,attacked the
second with sword and spear ,and the portuguese attacked the third
squadron that was ambushed and the portuguese made a way through
them with sword and spear ,with fierce determination ,the portuguese
repelled the enemy and they didn´t dare to follow us


1655 Battle Arambepola
Panique ( Panikki Mudiyanse ) with other Dissava of the Seven Corlas
and with 8 000 men fortified himself in the hill of Arandepola ( Arambepola )
,the brave Gaspar figueira de serpe after receiving reinforcements led his
men and surprised the Sinhalese in their encampment at Arambepola
and defeated the Kandyans yet again ,the Kandyans fled to the hills above
Balane pass, and the Portuguese camped at Arandara


1655 Battle Kotikapola
The brave Gaspar figueira de serpe defeated the Dissava of Uva
who was camped at Kotikapola ( Cuticapale ) with 8 000 men
( Book : Conquista temporal e espiritual de Ceilão, pag 927 )


1655 Battle Pilessakanda
João coelho de castro Dissava of the Seven Corlas with 150 portuguese
and 700 lascarins attacked the Dissava of Matale in Pilessakanda that
had 6 000 men ,Joâo coelho surprised and killed the Dissava of Matale
and dispersed his men


1655 Battle Kotikapola
The brave Gaspar figueira de serpe with 8 companies of 30 portuguese ,
1 company of 37 Topazes and 20 reformados ,500 lascarins of the
Seven Korales and 150 lascarins from Alukuru Korale and 1 700 or 4 000
lascains of the Four Korales and a few caffirs defeated the king of Kandy
that had 20 000 or 40 000 men : 3 000 with gingal ,9 000 with muskets ,
13 000 with bows ,15 000 with Spears ,30 elephants and 30-32 Dutchmen
with snaphaans ( this is the biggest Victory of the portuguese in Ceilâo )
( The last and most successful of the Portuguese victories against the native Sinhalese )


1655 Battle Kehelpanella
The brave Gaspar figueira de serpe gave battle to a Dissava in Kehelpanella
,Gaspar figueira de serpe defeated one Dissava that was in Quelpanala
( Kehelpannala ) with 1 000 men and killed 30 Sinhalese ( Book Conquista
temporal e espiritual de Ceilão ,pag 932 )


1655 Battle Batugedera
The brave Gaspar figueira de serpe advanced to Sabaragamuva defeating
the Dissava of the king in Batugedera ( Batuguedra ) that had 1 000 men ,
and 15 heads were cut off ( Book Conquista temporal e espiritual de Ceilão
,pag 932 )


1655 Battle praia do Moroto
Battle against the Dutch in Moroto beach ,the Dutch had 6 400 men and
Sinhalese ,the portuguese were defeated ,we lost 520 men


1612
- january 9 ,Victory against 12 000 lascarins ,Dom Francisco de menexes roxo
with 700 men ( 300 portuguese and 400 Cingalese ) defeated 12 000 Lascarins with many
armed elephants ,book : Fastos políticos e militares da antígua e nova Lusitânia ,pag 119 and 120


1612
- march 22 ,General of Portuguese Ceylon, Francisco Roxo, with 300 Portuguese
and 4,000 Lascars, defeats a force of 12,000 men led by the King of Kandy, who had
many armed elephants in his army ,book : Anno histórico diário português noticia abreviada
de pessoas grandes e coisas notáveis de Portugal ,Tomo I - pag 490 and 491


1610
- Dom Francisco de meneses made second entry into Kandy ,
The king came up and found our men divided ,being all attacked
,at the same time by the king´s army ,they battled for 6 hours ,with
valour ,they united at night and together they charged the enemy
and drove him away ,the king returned by midnight with 12 elephants
and all his army ,but he was so well repelled ,that they put him to flight ,
8 days later they marched to Matale ,and for 7 days they were fighting
with great valour ,and when they were on the top of a hill about to descend
into the Seven Corlas the portuguese were set upon by the enemies ,at
the foot of the hill they again attacked the portuguese ,but Domingos
carvalho cao turning upon them with the rearguard ,obtained a notable
Victory at the end of february 1610



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