Thought it'd be useful to have basic reference point for people not as used to star trek as the die hard trekkies among us. If i miss anything post below and i'll add it to the op here. Note that Star Trek has a huge background on the science of many of these things. I'm trying to make it as simple as possible so may get some slight details wrong.
Warp
the basic faster than light method of propulsion in Star Trek. It loosely works by creating a subspace bubble that affects time dilation. This slows time down within the bubble (which is slightly bigger than the ship) avoiding realitivity issues as the vessel travels at speeds of faster than light.
Warp Speed
The measure of speed when traveling at warp. its an exponential measure, meaning that the differences in speed are vastly more different than 6.1 and 6.2 would suggest. The maximum warp speed that can be achieved is warp 10, where theoretically you would be travelling so fast you would be everywhere at the same time.
Warp Core
The engine of the starship. It provides the power for pretty much everything. It works basically by using dilithium to combine mater and antimater and then control the result.
Impulse Drive
The sub-light speed engines of a starship.
Phasers
The main energy weapons of the Star Trek Universe. They provide a constant stream of energy and looks like a colourful line between the weapon and the target. Star Trek rarely has weapons that looks like 'bullets' being shot. They are often called disruptors if they do. Phasers can be of almost any imaginable size, weather hand held or as the main weapon on a starship.
Torpedo's
The true damage dealing weapon of Star Trek. Most torpedo's are photon torpedoes. A weapon many many times more powerful than a nuke. After the Dominion war a newer more powerful torpedo called Quantum is becoming the standard.
Uniforms
Starfleet uses a colour based uniform to give visual clues about a persons duties on a ship. Its very loose, but follows the following descriptions
red - command (though others are known to wear it. Particularly Tom Paris the pilot of voyager)
yellow - security and operations
blue- sciences (both science and medicine)
The colour used to feature heavily in uniforms, but by this time point a more generic uniform had come into play. A black jumpsuit, with grey shoulders was common, and only the undershirt showed the colour. Initially this was for space stations only, but after the dominon war became common on ships as well.
Universal Translator
A small device that detects the patterns in peoples languages and changes it into whichever language the wearer speaks. It is capable of translating for both the speaker and listener. For starfleet personal it is usually included inside their combadge. For unknown languages it takes a while to detect the patterns, but the more the person talks, the quicker it works.
Basic Star Trek terms and concepts
