I think this question is the fundamental divider between anarchist/libertarian types and proponents of bigger welfare states.
I think we all agree that in an anarchist society, private alternatives to all government services would exist. Police would be provided by private security firms or insurance companies. Education can simply be paid for and health insurance is widely available in our current system. Public works projects could be funded voluntarily. There is already private social security in the form of income protection insurance, and charity can supposedly provide for those who are never able to work. And united by common human empathy, there wouldn't be total anarchy, pardon the pun.
However, I think we would all be worse off. Health insurance may be widely available but there will always be people who are too mean or too stupid to get it and then end up needing medical treatment. Charity will not cover all of these people and many of them will die or be permenantly disabled for making human mistakes. Why is that ok? Isn't being forced to pay for something you would buy anyway a cheap price to pay to make sure that doesn't happen?
Education is in a similar vein. What if my family is too poor to go to school? Sure, there would be cheap/non-profit schools, scholarships and charities, but the fact is in an anarchy some people will always slip through the net. Is it alright for them to be condemned to a life of mediocricy because of the birth lottery? Only free primary and secondary education can prevent this from happening. And that leads on to another point. What about abusive parents? Who deals with them? More will be missed by vigilante/charity groups than a government, and besides without a monopoly of force they have no legitimacy.
The same goes for social welfare. Just look at the interwar period. Unemployment was very high and millions died in the developed world from poverty before social welfare policies started to be introduced in the 30s. Income protection insurance is a very rare type of insurance that not many people bother buying. Yet many people at some point in their lives find themselves with no source of earned income and could they not live temporarily on unemployment support they would be reduced to begging, or worse, dying.
The same reasoning applies to every government service. Shouldn't we protect people from their own stupidity if it's going to cause them life-changing harm?




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