school project

[atila9000]

i need to do a project about julius caesar, and i would like if anyone could answer this.
1) how many legions did he use in the gallic campaign and how many did he had in total?
2) which legions did he use, please tell me the names.

thanks

[chaplain118]

1. http://tinyurl.com/3wk4be5

2. http://tinyurl.com/3pua37b

[century x]

I know for a fact he at first used 4 legions.

Legio X Equestris was raised by him. I call them the Horse Legion

Legio VIII

Legio VII

Legio IX Hispana

Also Legio III Gallica was used BUT they were for the civil war not the Gallic campaign so I guess you can ignore them

He also had a bunch of auxiliary legions those names I cannot remember.

[Legio XV Apollinaris]

LEGIO I AUGUSTA GERMANICUS Formed most likely by Julius Caesar. From 16BC to 9AD, it was stationed in Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne, Germany). It was deprived of its noman (title-name) in 19BC. During the Civil War of 69AD, the Legion was quartered in Bonna (Bonn) in lower (north) Germania and was disbanded in 70AD when it was found to be in collusion with a rebel element.

LEGIO III GALLICA Raised by Julius Caesar, the Legion served in Gaul, 48-42 BC. In 30 BC it was moved to Syria. The Legion was stationed in Moesea (Serbia-Bulgaria) 68 - 70 AD, when it returned permanently to Syria at Raphaneae (Hamath). Legion III took part in the civil war of 69 AD for Emperor Vespasian. The Legion was cashiered for sedition against Elagabalus in 218-219; but was reconstituted by Emperor Severus Alexander, circa 230, and was quartered at Danaba near Damascus.

LEGIO IV MACEDONICA Raised by Julius Caesar in 48 BC it served in Spain until circa 43 AD and then moved into upper Germany. Its name would indicate early service in Macedonia (northern Greece). The Legion took part in the Civil War of 69 AD. The Legion was disbanded by Vespasian in 70 AD and replaced by Legion IV Flavia Felix.

LEGIO V ALAUDAE "Larks" Formed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from the native people of Transalpine Gaul (southern France). It served in Spain from 30 BC to circa 19 BC and afterwards on the Rhine frontier until 14 AD; when it moved into Lower Germany. The Legion was reconstituted by Marc Antony in 44 BC and was disgraced when it lost its "Eagle" in Gaul in 17 BC. The Legion took part in the Civil War of 69 AD when it supported Emperor Vitellius. The Legion was probably disbanded by Emperor Vespasian (69-79 AD) or later by Domitian (81-96 AD).

LEGIO VI FERRATA "Ironclad" Created by Julius Caesar in 52 BC in Cisalpine Gaul (S/E France); it was reconstituted in 44 BC, taken over by Marc Antony in 43 BC and later by Octavian. The Legion was part of Octavian's army in Syria at Raphaneae (Hamath). It took part in the 69 AD Civil War and marched as part of Flavian's army on Italy. From 72 AD was probably at Samosata in northern Syria on the Euphrates River and for a time was the garrison of the new province of Arabia, after 105 AD; and subsequently was in Judea (Syria-Palaestina). The Legion supported Emperor Septimus Severus against G. Pescennius Niger in 194 AD.

LEGIO IX HISPANA could have been descended from Caesar's Legion IX, disbanded in 46-45 BC or was a new formation by Octavian in 41-40 BC. The Legion was in Spain from 30 to 19 BC and was subsequently sent to Siscia? (Sisak) in Pannonia (Croatia-Austria-Hungary) after 9 AD. It was sent to Africa in 20-24 AD to take part in the war against Tacfarinas and later participated in the invasion of Britain in 43, where it suffered heavy losses in Boudicca's rebellion. The Legion was quartered in Britain at Lindum (Lincoln) and later moved north to Eboracum (York). Its base at Eboracum was taken over by Legion VI Victrix circa 122 and it survived to about 126; but its fate is unknown.

LEGIO XII FULMINATA "Thunderbolt Armed" most likely had its origins in the 12th Legion founded by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and was reconstituted in 44-43 BC. The Legion served with Antony in the East and is thought to have been sent to Egypt by Augustus; however, by the end of his reign the Legion was in Syria. It took part in the failed invasion of Armenia in 62 AD and was disgraced by its capitulation to the Parthians at Rhandiea. It also fought in the Jewish Wars and may have temporarily lost its "Eagle" in the retreat from Jerusalem in 66. After 70 AD, the Legion was stationed at Melitene (Malatya) in Cappadocia (eastern Turkey) and took part in the campaigns of Marcus Aurelius against Quadi in the 170's AD.

LEGIO XIII GEMINA "Twin" Its origin is uncertain and it may have come out of Caesar's 13th, raised in 57 BC or was formed by Octavian in 41-40 BC. It was amalgamated with another legion after the Battle of Actium. It was stationed in Illyricum (coastal Balkans) in the early Empire and after 9 AD was moved to the Rhine at Vindonissa (Windisch, Switzerland) in upper (Alpine) Germania. It was transferred to Vindobona (Vienna, Austria) by Emperor Domitian circa 85 AD. After the Dacian Wars, in which it took part, it was based at Apulum (Alba Iulia, central Romania) as part of the first garrison of Dacia and when Dacia was abandoned in 274 AD, the Legion moved to Ratiaria in the new Province of Dacia Repensis (Austria).


hope this helps?

or take a look into here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions

[century x]

There you go.

That's an A right there

[atila9000]

thanks you a lot

[rory o'kane]

At first, in his campaign against the Helvetii in 58 BC, Caesar used the four veteran legions he had used in Lusitania in 61 BC:
Legiones VII, VIII, IX, and X - note, at the beginning of the campaign, none of the legions involved had any titles as such (all four of those legions had been raised in Hispania anyway - it was only later that Legio IX Hispana would get its name), as well as any levies he could raise from local tribes, or mercenaries he could hire. It is known that Caesar had with him Cretan archers and Balearic slingers, and these were probably stationed in the province before his arrival.
It should be noted that any references to "auxiliaries" from now on do NOT refer to the cohorts and Alae of the Imperial Roman Army - these would not exist until the time of Augustus (indeed, it was Augustus who created the Auxilia). It is simply a cover-all for any irregular troops who do are not part of the legions of Caesar's army but performed other functions (like the missile troops mentioned above, and cavalry, which I shall deal with below).
As the Helvetii approached Gallia Transalpania, he enrolled two new legions, XI and XII. from citizens in the provinces under his command (presumably most from Gallia Transalpania, but he would have had the power to raise legions in Gallia Cisalpania and Illyricum, as they were under his authority as well). This put his total forces at some 30,000 legionnaires, plus auxiliaries (including at least 4,000 Aeduian cavalry, who had been supplied by the Aedui, who were allied to Rome).
Thus was Caesar's force by the battle of Bibracte, and it was also this force that Caesar used to defeat the germanic warlord Ariovistus and drive him and the Suebi back across the Rhine in 58 BC. It was during negotiations with Ariovistus that Legio X (who was Caesar's favourite) earned itself the nickname "Equestris". Whilst negotiating with Ariovistus, Caesar wondered whether his bodyguard of Gallic horsemen could be trusted completely in the German's presence. So, as Ariovistus insisted on meeting Caesar with a mounted guard, Caesar had 100 legionnaires from that legion mounted on horses and used them instead, as there were no proper "Roman" cavalry in existence by this point in history (the equites having been done away with by the reforms of Gaius Marius). It was heard that the soldiers had joked that Caesar had made them knights (equites), and the name stuck. Legio X was henceforth referred to as Legio X Equestris.
Over the winter of 58/57BC, Caesar heard that the Belgic tribes of north-east Gaul were planning to move against him. He raised two more legions (XIII and XIV), and marched to meet them. Though his army was ambushed at the Battle of the River Sambre by the Nervii and Atrebates, Caesar ultimately defeated the Nervii. His army was now 8 legions strong.
Over the course of the next few years, Caesar launched several punitive attacks across Gaul, and was the first Roman to cross the river Rhine into Germania, and was the first Roman to visit Britain (he visited twice - in 55 and 54 BC). In 54 BC, a small revolt broke out, and the 14th legion was wiped out, though it was reconstituted soon afterwards. During these years, Caesar acquired a few hundred mercenary Germanic cavalrymen to serve as his personal bodyguard.
In 52 BC, the great revolt of Vercingetorix broke out. Caesar levied two legions - the first, Legio V Alaudae, so named because its troops insisted on wearing plumes on their helmets in their old tribal tradition that made them look like larks, was levied from among provincials without citizen status (peregrini), and was only later recognised as a legion by the Senate, though they were counted as a legion from their levying by Caesar. The other, Legio VI (later nicknamed Ferrata), was levied from citizens like the rest. This gave Caesar 10 legions: In order of recruitment: VII, VIII, IX, X Equestris, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, V Alaudae, VI.
These legions were the ones that took Avaricum, were repulsed at Gergovia, but were ultimately victorious at Alesia, crushing the revolt for good. It is reckoned that Caesar's army at Alesia cannot have been more than 80,000 men, of which ~50,000 would have been legionnaires, the rest being Caesar's cavalry (mostly Gallic, but with some mercenary germans mentioned above, totally some 4,000-5,000), as well as foot soldiers, both in terms of infantry from allied tribes and specialist missile troops like Balearic slingers and Cretan archers.
I'd also like to note that the legions of Caesar's time were not quite equipped in the manner of the legionnaire in your profile picture - the legions of Caesar's day looked more like the chap below - note the rounder scutum, bronze Montefortino-sized helmet, and the lorica hamata (chainmail) - lorica segmentata does not appear until Augustus' reign (the earliest known example dating from 9 BC).

[atila9000]

another question. i know that in a roman army there was 10 legionaries cohorts. the first one have more soldiers than the other 9. i ask, how many soldiers integrated each cohort, and how many auxiliaries were in each army, divided into infantry, archers and cavalry, and how many soldiers were in total?

[Grimbold]

Something along the lines of 3000 heavy infantry, 1200 skirmish troops and 600 infantry. Give or take, thats 5000 men.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_(military_unit) A roman cohort consisted of 6 centurias. Each centuria had 80 men. 80 x 6 = 480.

Not that hard to use wikipedia.

[rory o'kane]

After Marius' reforms, in each legion there were 10 cohorts. The first cohort, holding the legion's eagle standard, had five double-sized centuries (5x160 = 800 men). The second through tenth cohorts had six centuries of 80 men, for 480 men per cohort, for a total of 5,120 legionnaires. Each century had its own centurion, optio (second in command), tessarius (third in command, and keeper of the watch), signifer (standard bearer), and Cornicien (trumpet player) There were also 120 cavalrymen attached to the legion, but they were used mainly as scouts and messengers. The actual strength of legions varied from their paper strength considerably during the Civil wars, though - anywhere from 3,000 to 6,000 men seems to have been roughly the size of the legions of Caesar at various times.
Outside of that, a Roman "army" from Marius' day onwards didn't have a fixed quota of troops per se. "Auxiliaries" in the formal sense of the cohorts and Alae of the Imperial Roman army didn't exist (as it was Augustus who created the professional Auxilia to cover all the ad-hoc tribal levies, mercenaries, and local troops that supported the Roman legions), so for example, Caesar raised some troops from Transalpine Gaul, hired Germanic cavalry, and there were already Balearic Slingers and Cretan archers in the province, which he added to his army, and he used them in his conquest of Gaul. Their numbers are not available to us except in the vaguest numbers - we know that he had 4,000 Gallic horse, and a few hundred Germanic horsemen. How many non-legionary infantry and archers and slingers he had is just unknown.
What I'm saying is, there was no fixed size of a "Roman army" in the field, after the introduction of Marius' reforms. In the Principate (from Augustus onwards), it was customary for a Roman army to include as many auxiliaries as legionnaires, but the breakdown of the ratio of how many auxiliaries were equipped as heavy infantry (which would have been the majority) to archers to cavalry is just not available. The Romans simply used what was available in the region for a given campaign. The required number of auxiliary units would be brigaded together for a campaign, and then the ad-hoc group would be split up again once the campaign was over.