Bathing did not fall out of fashion in Europe until shortly after the
Renaissance, replaced by the heavy use of sweat-bathing and
perfume, as it was thought in Europe that water could carry disease into the body through the skin. (Water, in fact, does carry disease, but more often if it is drunk than if one bathes in it; and water only carries disease if it is contaminated by
pathogens.) Medieval church authorities believed that
public bathing created an environment open to immorality and disease.
Roman Catholic Church officials even banned public bathing in an unsuccessful effort to halt
syphilis epidemics from sweeping Europe.
[42] Modern sanitation was not widely adopted until the 19th and 20th centuries. According to medieval historian Lynn Thorndike, people in
Medieval Europe probably bathed more than people did in the 19th century.
[43]