Last edited by Iutland; September 19, 2012 at 02:25 PM. Reason: New information added (LME4)
Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Bataafse Republiek/Koninkrijk Holland
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The Batavian Republic (Dutch: Bataafse Republiek) was the successor of the Republic of the United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on January 19, 1795 and ended on June 5, 1806 with the accession of Louis Bonaparte to the throne of the Kingdom of Holland.
The new Republic enjoyed widespread support from the Dutch population and was the product of a genuine popular revolution. Nevertheless, it clearly was founded with the armed support of the revolutionary French Republic. The Batavian Republic became a client state of first that "sister-republic", and later of the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte, and its politics was deeply influenced by the French who supported no less than three coups d'état to bring the different political factions to power that France favored at different moments in her own historical development. Nevertheless, the process of creating a written Dutch constitution was mainly driven by internal political factors, not by French influence—until Napoleon forced the Dutch government to accept his brother as monarch.
The political, economic and social reforms that were brought about during the relatively short duration of the Batavian Republic have had a lasting impact. The confederal structure of the old Dutch Republic was permanently replaced by a unitary state. For the first time in Dutch history, the constitution that was adopted in 1798 had a genuinely democratic character (despite the fact that it was pushed through after a coup d'état). For a while the Republic was governed democratically, though the coup d'état of 1801 put an authoritarian regime in power, after another change in constitution. Nevertheless, the memory of this brief experiment with democracy helped smooth the transition to a more democratic government in 1848 (the constitutional revision by Thorbecke, limiting the power of the King). A type of ministerial government was introduced for the first time in Dutch history and many of the current government departments date their history back to this period.
Though the Batavian Republic was a client state, its successive governments tried their best to maintain a modicum of independence and to serve Dutch interests even where those clashed with those of their French overseers. This perceived obduracy led to the eventual demise of the Republic when the short-lived experiment with the (again authoritarian) regime of "Grand Pensionary" Schimmelpenninck produced insufficient docility in the eyes of Napoleon. The new king, Louis Napoleon - Napoleon's own brother - surprisingly did not slavishly follow French dictates either, leading to his downfall.
The Kingdom of Holland lasted only four years. Though Louis performed his role beyond all expectations, and did his best to defend the interests of his subjects, this was exactly the reason why Napoleon decided that the Netherlands could no longer be denied the blessings of being reunited with his Empire, though over the objections of Louis. Louis abdicated on July 2, 1810 in favor of his son Napoleon Louis Bonaparte, who reigned for ten days. Then the Netherlands were finally reunited with the origins of the "alluvial deposits of the French rivers," of which the country in the view of Napoleon consists.This reunion did not outlast the effects of the disastrous French invasion of Russia, and the Battle of Leipzig. The Empire melted away, and the independent Netherlands took shape again with every city that the retreating French army of occupation evacuated in the course of 1813. In the ensuing political vacuum a triumvirate of former Orangist regents, led by Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp, invited the former Hereditary Prince (the old Stadtholder had died in 1806) to assume power as "Sovereign Prince." William VI of Orange landed in Scheveningen on November 30, 1813. He duly established control in the Netherlands and was offered the crown of the combined area of the former 17 provinces of the Netherlands (modern Belgium and the Netherlands) by the Allies in the secret London Protocol (also known as the Eight Articles of London) of June 21, 1814, which he accepted exactly one month later. On March 16, 1815 the United Kingdom of the Netherlands was proclaimed.
(Source: Wiki)
The Batavian Pepublic and Kingdom of Holland shares the same unit rooster and have access to the following custom LME units:
Army:
Kurassier
2e Regiment Kurassier
1e Regiment Dragonders
Gemonteerd grenadier, wacht van de President
Hussaren, wacht van de President
Huzaren
Garde du Corps
Garde Kurassier
Guard Grenadier
Carabiniers, wacht van de President
Mariniers
Grenadier, 8e Regiment van Linie
2e Regiment Infanterie van Linie
1e Regiment Lichte Infanterie
2e Regiment Voltigeure
Jager, wacht van de President
Jager 3e Lichte Regiment
Pupilles de la Garde (France)
Légion du Danube (Legia Naddunajska)
5.5" Howitzer
7-lber Horse Howitzer
Experimental Howitzer
Navy (number=guns):
Zeeuw(98)
Neptunus(98)
Chatham(86)
Admiraal de Ruyter(80)
Commerce van Amsterdam(80)
Admiraal Piet Hein(80)
Admiraal Tromp(74)
Johan de Witt(74)
Bato(74)
Doggersbank(74)
Kortenaer(64)
Oldenbarneveldt(64)
Minerva(38)
Maria Reijsgersbergen(38)
Schip van de lijn Wreker klasse (80)
Schip van de lijn ex-Bucentaure klasse (80)
Schip van de lijn Willem de Eerste klasse (74)
Schip van de lijn Eendracht klasse (50)
Fregat (38)
Fregat (32)
Carronade Fregat
Brig
Sloop
Experimental 38-gun Steam Ship
Experimental Steam Paddle Frigate
Experimental 80-gun Steam Ship
Handelsschip
Dutch East Indiaman
Hussaren, wacht van de President
Last edited by Iutland; September 19, 2012 at 02:11 PM. Reason: New information added
Kurfürstentum Bayern/Königreich Bayern
On 30 December 1777, the Bavarian line of the Wittelsbachs became extinct, and the succession on the Electorate of Bavaria passed to Charles Theodore, the elector palatine. After a separation of four and a half centuries, the Palatinate, to which the duchies of Jülich and Berg had been added, was thus reunited with Bavaria. In 1792 French revolutionary armies overran the Palatinate; in 1795 the French, under Moreau, invaded Bavaria itself, advanced to Munich—where they were received with joy by the long-suppressed Liberals—and laid siege to Ingolstadt. Charles Theodore, who had done nothing to prevent wars or to resist the invasion, fled to Saxony, leaving a regency, the members of which signed a convention with Moreau, by which he granted an armistice in return for a heavy contribution (7 September 1796). Between the French and the Austrians, Bavaria was now in a bad situation. Before the death of Charles Theodore (16 February 1799) the Austrians had again occupied the country, in preparation for renewing the war with France. Maximilian IV Joseph (of Zweibrücken), the new elector, succeeded to a difficult inheritance. Though his own sympathies, and those of his all-powerful minister, Maximilian von Montgelas, were, if anything, French rather than Austrian, the state of the Bavarian finances, and the fact that the Bavarian troops were scattered and disorganized, placed him helpless in the hands of Austria; on 2 December 1800 the Bavarian arms were involved in the Austrian defeat at Hohenlinden, and Moreau once more occupied Munich. By the Treaty of Lunéville (9 February 1801) Bavaria lost the Palatinate and the duchies of Zweibrücken and Jülich. In view of the scarcely disguised ambitions and intrigues of the Austrian court, Montgelas now believed that the interests of Bavaria lay in a frank alliance with the French Republic; he succeeded in overcoming the reluctance of Maximilian Joseph; and, on 24 August, a separate treaty of peace and alliance with France was signed at Paris.
The 1805 Peace of Pressburg recognized Maximilian I's claim to be King of Bavaria. The elector declared himself to be king on 1 January 1806, officially changing the Electorate of Bavaria to being the Kingdom of Bavaria. The King still served as an Elector until Bavaria left the Holy Roman Empire (1 August 1806). The duchy of Berg was ceded to Napoleon only in 1806. The new kingdom faced challenges from the outset of its creation, relying on the support of Napoleonic France and having to change its constitution in accordance with France's wishes. The kingdom faced war with Austria in 1808 and from 1810 to 1814, lost territory to Württemberg, Italy, and then Austria.
However with the defeat of Napoleon's France in 1814, Bavaria was compensated for some of its losses, and received new territories such as the Grand Duchy of Würzburg, the Archbishopric of Mainz (Ascaffenburg) parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and in 1816, the Rhenish Palatinate from France.
Between 1799 and 1817 the leading minister Count Montgelas followed a strict policy of modernisation and laid the foundations of administrative structures that survived even the monarchy and are (in their core) valid until today. On 1 February 1817, Montgelas had been dismissed; and Bavaria had entered on a new era of constitutional reform.
On 26 May 1818, the constitution of the Kingdom of Bavaria was proclaimed. The parliament would have two houses, an upper house comprising the aristocracy and noblemen, including the high-class hereditary landowners, government officials and nominees of the crown. The second house, a lower house, would include representatives of small landowners, the towns and the peasants. The rights of Protestants were safeguarded in the constitution with articles supporting the equality of all religions, despite opposition by supporters of the Roman Catholic Church. The initial constitution almost proved disastrous for the monarchy, with controversies such as the army having to swear allegiance to the new constitution. The monarchy appealed to the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire for advice, the two refused to take action on Bavaria's behalf, but the debacles lessened and the state stabilized with the accession of Ludwig I to the throne following the death of Maximilian in 1825.
(Source: Wiki)
Bavaria has access to the following custom LME units:
Army:
2. Dragoner-Regiment Taxis
Garde du Corps
Reitende Gendarmerie
Ulan-Regiment
1. Chevauleger-Regiment Kronprinz
7. Chevauleger-Regiment Prinz Karl
Husaren
1. Kürassier-Regiment Prinz Karl
2. Chevauleger-Regiment König
Königlich Bayrisches Grenadier-Garde Regiment
Gendarmerie
2. Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz
4. Infanterie-Regiment Saxe-Hildburghausen
7. Infanterie-Regiment Fürst Löwenstein-Wertheim
Leichtes Infanterie-Battalion von Bernclau
Voltigeure
Tiroler Jäger-Bataillon
11. Infanterie-Regiment Kinkel
Tiroler Füsilier-Bataillon
1. Infanterie-Regiment König
7-lber Horse Howitzer
10-lber Howitzer
Navy (number=guns):
Ship-of-the-line (80)
Ship-of-the-line (74)
Ship-of-the-line (64)
Ship-of-the-line (50)
Frigate (38)
Frigate (32)
Frigate (24)
Brig
Sloop
Experimental 38-gun Steam Ship
Experimental Steam Paddle Frigate
Experimental 80-gun Steam Ship
Trade ship
Indiaman
Gendarmerie
Last edited by Iutland; September 19, 2012 at 02:11 PM. Reason: New information added
Danmark-Norge
Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark–Norge) is the historiographical name for a former political entity consisting of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including the originally Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Following the strife surrounding the break-up of its predecessor, the Kalmar Union, the two kingdoms entered into another personal union in 1536 which lasted until 1814. The corresponding adjective and demonym is Dano-Norwegian.
The term Kingdom of Denmark is sometimes used to include both countries in the period 1536–1814, since the political and economic power emanated from Copenhagen, Denmark. The term covers the "royal part" of the Oldenburgs as it was in 1460, excluding the "ducal part" of Schleswig and Holstein. The administration used two official languages, Danish and German, and for several centuries both a Danish and German Chancery existed.
Denmark and Norway parted when the union was dissolved in 1814. Iceland, which legally became a Danish colony in 1814, became an independent country in 1944.
The term Denmark–Norway has didactic merits and reflects the historical and legal roots of that union. It is adopted from the Oldenburg dynasty's official title. The kings always used the style "King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths". Denmark and Norway officially had separate legal codes and currencies, as well as mostly separate governing institutions, although following the introduction of absolutism in 1660 the centralisation of government meant a concentration of institutions in Copenhagen. The term Sweden-Finland is sometimes, although with less justification, applied to the contemporary Swedish realm between 1521 and 1809. Finland was never a separate kingdom, and was completely integrated with Sweden, while Denmark was the dominant component in a political union.
Napoleonic wars
The long decades of peace came to an abrupt end during the Napoleonic Wars. Britain felt threatened by the Armed Neutrality Treaty of 1794, which originally involved Denmark and Sweden, and later Prussia and Russia. The British fleet attacked Copenhagen in 1801 (Battle of Copenhagen (1801)), destroying much of Denmark's navy. Denmark nonetheless managed to remain uninvolved in the Napoleonic Wars until 1807. The British fleet bombarded Copenhagen again that year, causing considerable destruction to the city. They then captured the entire Danish fleet so that it couldn't be used by France to invade Britain (as the French had lost their own fleet at Trafalgar in 1805), leading to the Gunboat War
In 1809 Danish forces fighting on the French side participated in defeating the anti-Bonapartist German rebellion led by Ferdinand von Schill, at the Battle of Stralsund. By 1813, Denmark could no longer bear the war costs, and the state was bankrupt. When in the same year the Sixth Coalition isolated Denmark by clearing Northern Germany of French forces, Frederick IV had to make peace. Accordingly, the unfavourable Treaty of Kiel was concluded in January 1814 with Sweden and Great Britain, and another peace was signed with Russia in February.
The Treaty of Kiel transferred Heligoland to Great Britain and Norway from the Danish to the Swedish crown, Denmark was to be satisfied with Swedish Pomerania. But the Norwegians revolted, declared their independence, and elected crown-prince Christian Frederick (the future Christian VIII) as their king. However, the Norwegian independence movement failed to attract any support from the European powers. After a brief war with Sweden, Christian had to abdicate in order to preserve Norwegian autonomy, established in a personal union with Sweden. In favour of the Kingdom of Prussia, Denmark renounced her claims to Swedish Pomerania at the Congress of Vienna (1815), and instead was satisfied with the Duchy of Lauenburg and a Prussian payment of 3.5 million talers, also, Prussia took over a Danish 600,000 talers debt to Sweden.
Interestingly, this period also counts as "the Golden Age" of Danish intellectual history. A sign of renewed intellectual vigor was the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1814. Literature, painting, sculpture, and philosophy all experienced an unusually vibrant period. The stories of Hans Christian AndersenUnited States of America. The ideas of the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) spread far beyond Denmark, influencing not only his own era, but proving instrumental in the development of new philosophical systems after him. The sculptures of Thorvaldsen (1770–1834) grace public buildings all over Denmark and other artists appreciated and copied his style. Grundtvig (1783–1872) tried to reinvigorate the Danish National Church and contributed to the hymns used by the church in Denmark.
The Gunboat War (1807–1814) was the naval conflict between Denmark–Norway and the British NavyNapoleonic Wars. The war's name is derived from the Danish tactic of employing small gunboats against the conventional Royal Navy. In Scandinavia it is seen as the latter stage of the English Wars, whose commencement is accounted as the First Battle of Copenhagen in 1801.
These boats were originally designed by a Swede, Fredrik Henrik af Chapman. The strategic advantage of gunboats lay in the fact that they could be produced rapidly and inexpensively throughout the kingdom. The tactical advantages were that they were highly manoeuvrable, especially in still and shallow waters and presented small targets. On the other hand, the boats were vulnerable, likely to sink from a single hit; could not be used in rough seas; and were less effective against large warships. More than 200 were eventually produced in two models: the shallop gunboat had a crew of 76 men, with an 18- or 24-pounder cannon in the bow and another in the stern. The smaller barge type had a total crew of 24, armed with a single 24-pounder.
While gunboat tactics were not employed until 1807, the naval conflict between Britain and Denmark commenced with the First Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 when Horatio Nelson's squadron of Admiral Parker's fleet attacked the Danish capital. Early in the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark-Norway set on a policy of armed neutrality, using its naval forces to protect trade flowing within, into, and out of Dano-Norwegian waters. In the Second Battle of Copenhagen in 1807, the British seized a large part of the Danish fleet, so the Dano-Norwegian government decided to build smaller gunboats in large numbers.
In the first three years of the Gunboat War, these boats were on several occasions able to capture cargo ships from the convoys and to defeat British naval brigs, though they were not strong enough to overcome larger frigates and ships of the line. The British had control of Danish waters during the whole of the 1807–1814 war, and when the season was suited to navigation they were regularly able to escort large merchant convoys out through the Sound and the Great Belt. On March 22, 1808, the last Danish ship of the line Prins Christian Frederik, commanded by Captain C.W. Jessen, was destroyed by two British ships of the line in the battle of Zealand Point.
On 27 February 1811, Danish gunboats, manned by nearly 1,000 men including infantry forces, attempted to recapture the island of Anholt in the Battle of Anholt, but had to withdraw to Jutland with heavy losses. The last major fight between Danish and British men of war took place on July 6, 1812, when British warships destroyed the Danish frigate Najaden at the Battle of Lyngør on the Norwegian coast.
The Treaty of Kiel ended the war on January 15, 1814. Denmark-Norway had to cede the small island of Heligoland to Britain and all of Norway to the king of Sweden.
(Source: Wiki)
Denmark-Norway (shares some Norwegian units with Sweden and only available in Oslo) has access to the following custom LME units:
Army:
Den Kongelige Livgarde til Hest
Bosniakeskadronen
Landsenerer
Prins Frederik Ferdinands Dragonregiment
Livregimentet Ryttere
Livregimentet Lette Dragoner
Jydske Regiment lette Dragoner
Fyenske Regiment lette Dragoner
Husarregimentet
Den Kongbergske Eskadron
Dansk-Norsk Ryttereskadron
Sjaellandske Rytterregiment
Holstenske Regiment Ryttere
Slesvigske Regiment Ryttere
Fynske Ridende Jægere
Langelandske Ridende Jægerkorps
Sjaellandske Ridende Jaegerkorps
Frederiksstads Husarregiment
Danske Livregiment til fods
Dronningens Livregiment
Prins Christian Frederiks Regiment
Den Kongelige Livgarde til Fods
Altonaiske Grenader-Jægerkompagni
Prinds Regentens Livregiment
Jydske Infanteriregiment Grenaderer
Oldenborgske Infanteriregiment Grenaderer
Dansk-Norsk Grenaderbataljon
Staffelt Brigaden
Marinekorpset
Dansk-Norsk Infanteribataljon
Holstenske Infanteriregiment
Fyenske Infanteriregiment
Slesvigske Infanteriregiment
Sjællandske Infanteregiment
Dansk-Norsk Skarpskyttebataljon
Holstenske Skarpskytterkorps
Danske Skarpskytterkorps
Frederiksvaerns Feltbataljon
Hertuginde Louise Augustas Livjægerkorps
Lollandske Jægerkorps
Slesvigske Jægerkorps II
Kongens Livjæger korps
Hafslund Jaegerkorps
Grev Herman Wedels Bogstads Livjaegerkorps
Norske Skiløberkorps
Landevaernet
Kystmilitsen
1-pundige Amusetter (1-lber Amusset)
3-pundige kanoner (3-lber Foot)
3-pundige beredne kanoner (3-lber Horse Artillery)
6-pundige kanoner (6-lber Foot)
6-pundige beredne kanoner (6-lber Horse)
12-pundige kanoner (12-lber Foot)
7-pundige Haubitsere (7-lber Howitzer)
10-pundige Haubitsere (10-lber Howitzer)
20-pundige Haubitsere (20-lber Howitzer)
Navy (number=guns):
Christian den Syvende(122)
Christian VII(106)
Prinds Christian Frederik(86)
Waldemar(86)
Den Prægtige(80)
Neptunus(80)
Norge(80)
Norske Løve(74)
Elephanten(74)
Danmark(74)
Odin(74)
Kronprindsesse Marie(74)
Kronprinds Frederik(74)
Ditmarsken(64)
Phoenix(64)
Perlen(50)
Mars(50)
Venus(38)
Frederiksværn(38)
Nymphen(38)
Lougen(26)
Defensionsfregat Hjælperen(24)
Dronning Marie klassen (80)
Prindsesse Sophia Frederica klassen (74)
Prindsesse Caroline klassen (74)
Prindsesse Lovisa Augusta klassen (64)
Havfruen klassen (38)
Fregat (38)
Fregat (32)
Fregat (24)
Carronadefregat
Brig
Letfregat
Experimental 38-gun Steam Ship
Experimental Steam Paddle Frigate
Experimental 80-gun Steam Ship
Kanonbaad
Handelsskib
Kinafarer
Altonaiske Grenader-Jægerkompagni
Last edited by Iutland; September 19, 2012 at 02:11 PM. Reason: New information added
Reino de España
Philip V, the first Bourbon king, of French origin, signed the Decreto de Nueva Planta in 1715, a new law that revoked most of the historical rights and privileges of the different kingdoms that formed the Spanish Crown, specially Crown of Aragon, unifying them under the laws of Castile, where the Cortes had been more receptive to the royal wish. Spain became culturally and politically a follower of absolutistFerdinand VI and Charles III. Great influence was exerted over Elisabeth of Parma on Spain's foreign policy. Her principal aim was to have Spain's lost territories in Italy restored. She eventually received Franco-British support for this after the Congress of Soissons.
Under the rule of Charles III and his ministers, Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache and José Moñino, Count of Floridablanca, Spain embarked on a program of enlightened despotism that brought Spain a new prosperity in the middle of the eighteenth century. Fearing that Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years War threatened the European balance of power, Spain allied themselves to France but suffered a series of military defeats and ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris. Despite being on the losing alongside France against the British in the Seven Years' War, Spain recouped most of her territorial losses in the American Revolutionary War, and gained an improved international standing.
However, the reforming spirit of Charles III was extinguished in the reign of his son, Charles IV, seen by some as mentally handicapped. Dominated by his wife's lover, Manuel de Godoy, Charles IV embarked on policies that overturned much of Charles III's reforms. After briefly opposing Revolutionary France early in the French Revolutionary Wars, Spain was cajoled into an uneasy alliance with its northern neighbor, only to be blockaded by the British. Charles IV's vacillation, culminating in his failure to honour the alliance by neglecting to enforce the Continental System led to Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, invading Spain in 1808, thereby triggering Spain's War of Independence.
During most of the eighteenth century Spain had made substantial progress since its steady decline in the latter part of the 17th century, under an increasingly inept Habsburg dynasty. But despite the progress, it continued to lag in the political and mercantile developments then transforming other parts of Europe, most notably in the United Kingdom, France and the Low Countries. The chaos unleashed by the Napoleonic intervention would cause this gap to widen greatly.
Spain initially sided against France in the Napoleonic Wars, but the defeat of her army early in the war led to Charles IV's pragmatic decision to align with the revolutionary French. Spain was put under a British blockade, and her colonies—for the first time separated from their colonial rulers—began to trade independently with Britain. The defeat of the British invasions of the River Plate in South America emboldened an independent attitude in Spain's American colonies. A major Franco-Spanish fleet was annihilated, at the decisive Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, prompting the vacillating king of Spain to reconsider his alliance with France. Spain broke off from the Continental System temporarily, and Napoleon—aggravated with the Bourbon kings of Spain—invaded Spain in 1808 and deposed Ferdinand VII, who had just been on the throne forty-eight days after his father's abdication in March.
The Spanish people vigorously resisted Napoleon's move, and juntas were formed across Spain that pronounced themselves in favor of Ferdinand VII. Initially, the juntas declared their support for Ferdinand VII, and convened a "General and Extraordinary Cortes" for all the kingdoms of the Spanish Monarchy. The Cortes assembled in 1810 and took refuge at Cádiz. In 1812 the Cádiz Cortes created the first modern Spanish constitution, the Constitution of 1812 (informally named La Pepa).
The British, led by the Duke of Wellington, fought Napoleon's forces in the Peninsular War, with Joseph Bonaparte ruling as king at Madrid. The brutal war was one of the first guerrilla wars in modern Western history; French supply lines stretching across Spain were mauled repeatedly by Spanish guerrillas. The war in the Iberian Peninsula fluctuated repeatedly, with Wellington spending several years behind his fortresses in Portugal while launching occasional campaigns into Spain. The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Vitoria in 1813, and the following year, Ferdinand VII was restored as King of Spain.
(Source: Wiki)
Spain has access to the following custom LME units (Spain in the peninsular campaign has access to a number of the units):
Army:
Brigada de Carabineros Reales
Coraceros
Caballería de Línea, el Algarve
Caballería del Línea del Rey
Regimiento de Dragones de Almansa
Regimiento de Dragones Rey
Lanceros
Caballería Ligera, el Villaviciosa
Voluntarios de España Cazadores
Infantería de Marina
Reales Guardias Walonas
Reales Guardias Españolas
Granaderos Regimiento de la Princesa
Granaderos Regimiento de Zamora
Granaderos Regimiento de Guadalajara
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Irlanda
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Mallorca
Regimiento de Infantería de Línea Suizo de Reding n.º 3
Infantería Ligera de Voluntarios de Cataluña
Tiradores
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Ultonia
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Africa
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Infante
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Hibernia
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Nápoles
Fusileros
Tercios Espanoles de Tejas
Regimiento de Infantería de Línea Suizo de Wimpffen n.º 1
Regimiento de Infantería de Línea Suizo de Reding n.º 2
Regimiento de Infantería de Línea Suizo de Betschard n.º 4
Regimiento de Infantería de Línea Suizo de Traxler n.º 5
Regimiento de Infantería de Línea Suizo de Preux n.º 6
4-lber Foot Artillery
6-lber Foot Artillery
8-lber Foot Artillery
12-lber Foot Artillery
6-lber Horse Artillery
6" Howitzer
Experimental Howitzer
Navy (number=guns):
Navío de Línea Santisima Trinidad (140)
Navío de Línea Santa Ana(106)
Navío de Línea Príncipe de Asturias(106)
Navío de Línea San Carlos(106)
Navío de Línea Rayo(106)
Navío de Línea Purísima Concepción(106)
Navío de Línea San Fernando(86)
Navío de Línea Neptuno(80)
Navío de Línea Argonauta(80)
Navío de Línea San Joaquín(74)
Navío de Línea San Juan Nepomuceno(74)
Navío de Línea Asia(74)
Navío de Línea Montañés(74)
Navío de Línea Algeciras(74)
Navío de Línea América(64)
Cornelia(38)
Navío de Línea de la clase Santa ana (106)
Navío de Línea de la clase San Ildefonso (74)
Navío de Línea de la clase San Juan Nepomuceno (74)
Navío de Línea de la clase América (64)
Navío de Línea de la clase Campeon (50)
Fragata (38)
Fragata (32)
Corbeta (24)
Fragata Carronade
Brig
Sloop
Experimental 38-gun Steam Ship
Experimental Steam Paddle Frigate
Experimental 80-gun Steam Ship
Buque mercante (Merchantman type)
Buque mercante (Indiaman type)
Infantería de Línea Regimiento de Irlanda
Last edited by Iutland; September 19, 2012 at 02:10 PM. Reason: New information added
République française/Empire Français
On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was given the title of emperor by the Senate; finally, on 2 December 1804, he was solemnly crowned, after receiving the Iron Crown of the Lombard kings, and was consecrated by Pope Pius VII in Notre-Dame de Paris.
After this, in four campaigns, the Emperor transformed his "Carolingian" feudal and federal empire into one modelled on the Roman Empire. The memories of imperial Rome were for a third time, after Julius CaesarCharlemagne, to modify the historical evolution of France. Though the vague plan for an invasion of Britain was never executed, the Battle of Ulm and the Battle of Austerlitz overshadowed the defeat of Trafalgar, and the camp at Boulogne put at Napoleon's disposal the best military resources he had commanded, in the form of La Grande Armée.
In the first of these campaigns, Bonaparte swept away the remnants of the old Holy Roman Empire and, out of its shattered fragments, created in southern Germany the vassal states of Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Hesse-Darmstadt and Saxony, which he attached to France under the name of the Confederation of the Rhine. The Treaty of Pressburg, however, signed on 26 December 1805, gave France nothing but the danger of a more centralised and less docile Germany. On the other hand, Napoleon's creation of the Kingdom of Italy, his annexation of Venetia and her ancient Adriatic Empire and the occupation of Ancona, marked a new stage in his progress towards his Roman Empire.
To create satellite states, Napoleon installed his close relatives as rulers of many European nations. The clan of the Bonapartes began to mingle with European monarchies, wedding with princesses of royal blood, and adding kingdom to kingdom. Joseph Bonaparte replaced the dispossessed Bourbons at Naples; Louis Bonaparte was installed on the throne of the kingdom of Holland formed from the Batavian Republic; Joachim Murat became grand-duke of Berg, Jérôme Bonaparte son-in-law to the King of Württemberg, and Eugène de Beauharnais to the King of Bavaria while Stéphanie de Beauharnais married the son of the Grand Duke of Baden.
Meeting with more resistance, Napoleon went further and would tolerate no neutral power. On 6 August 1806 he forced the Habsburgs, left with only the crown of Austria, to abdicate their title of Holy Roman Emperor, ending a political power which had endured for over a thousand years. Prussia alone remained outside the Confederation of the Rhine, of which Napoleon was Protector, and to further her decision he offered her British Hanover. In a second campaign he destroyed at Jena both the army and the state of Frederick William III of Prussia. The Eylau taken against the Russians at Friedland (14 June 1807) finally ruined Frederick the Great's work, and obliged Russia, the ally of Britain and Prussia, to allow the latter to be despoiled, and to join Napoleon against the maritime supremacy of the former.
The July 1807 Treaties of Tilsit ended war between Imperial Russia and the French Empire and began an alliance between the two empires which held power of much of the rest of Europe. The two empires secretly agreed to aid each other in disputes—France pledged to aid Russia against Ottoman Turkey, while Russia agreed to join the Continental System against the British Empire. Napoleon also convinced Alexander to enter into the Anglo-Russian War and to instigate the Finnish War against Sweden in order to force Sweden to join the Continental System.
More specifically, the tsar agreed to evacuate Wallachia and Moldavia, which had been occupied by Russian forces as part of the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812. The Ionian Islands and Cattaro, which had been captured by Russian admirals Ushakov and Senyavin, were to be handed over to the French. In recompense, Napoleon guaranteed the sovereignty of the Duchy of Oldenburg and several other small states ruled by the tsar's German relatives.
The treaty with Prussia removed about half of its territory: Kottbus passed to Saxony, the left bank of the Elbe was awarded to the newly-created Kingdom of Westphalia, Belostok was given Russia, and the rest of Polish lands in the Prussian possession was set up as the quasi-independent Duchy of Warsaw. Prussia was to reduce the army to 40,000 and to pay the indemnity of 100,000,000 francs.
Observers in Prussia and Russia viewed the treaty as unequal and as a national humiliation. Talleyrandblockade, a conception intended to paralyze his rival, but which contributed to his own fall by its immoderate extension of the Empire. To the coalition of the northern powers he added the league of the Baltic and Mediterranean ports, and to the bombardment of Copenhagen by a Royal Navy fleet he responded by a second decree of blockade, dated from Milan on 17 December 1807.
The application of the Concordat and the taking of Naples led to the first of those struggles with the pope in which were formulated two antagonistic doctrines: Napoleon declaring himself Roman Emperor, and Pius VII renewing the theocratic affirmations of Pope Gregory VII. The Emperor's Roman ambition was made more visible by the occupation of the Kingdom of Naples and of the Marches, and by the entry of Miollis into Rome; while Junot invaded Portugal, Radet laid hands on the Pope himself, and Joachim MuratPeninsular War.
Napoleon thought he might succeed in the Iberian Peninsula as he had done in Italy, in Egypt and in Hesse. The Spanish began effective guerilla resistance, however; and the trap of Bayonne, together with the enthroning of Joseph Bonaparte, made Prince of Asturias the elect of popular sentiment, the representative of religion and country.
Napoleon thought he had Spain within his control, and now the Iberian Peninsula started slipping from him. The Peninsula became the grave of whole armies and saw a war against Spain, Britain, and Portugal. Dupont capitulated at Bailen into the hands of General Castaños, and Junot at Cintra, Portugal to General Wellesley; while Europe noted at this first check to the hitherto successful imperial armies. To reduce Spanish resistance Napoleon had to come to terms with the Tsar Alexander I of Russia at Erfurt; so that, abandoning his designs in the East, he could make the Grand Army return in force to Madrid.
Thus Spain used up the soldiers wanted for Napoleon's other fields of battle, and they had to be replaced by forced levies. Spanish resistance affected Austria, and indicated the potential of national resistance. The provocations of Talleyrand and Britain strengthened the idea that Austrians could emulate the Spaniards. The campaign of 1809, however, was weaker than the Spanish insurrection. After a short and decisive action in Bavaria, Napoleon opened-up the road to Vienna for a second time; and after the Battle of Essling-Aspern, the victory at Wagram, the failure of a patriotic insurrection in northern Germany and of the British expedition against Antwerp, the Treaty of Vienna (14 December 1809), with the annexation of the Illyrian provinces, extended the Empire. Napoleon profited, in fact, by the campaign which had been planned for his overthrow.
The pope was deported to Savona and his domains were incorporated in the Empire; the senate's decision on 17 February 1810 created the title of king of Rome, and made Rome the capital of Italy. The pope banished, it was now desirable as far as Napoleon was concerned, to send away those to whom Italy had been more or less promised. Eugène de Beauharnais, Napoleon's stepson, was transferred to Frankfurt, and Murat watched until the time should come to take him to Russia and install him as King of Poland. Between 1810 and 1812 Napoleon's divorce of Josephine, and his marriage with Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, followed by the birth of the king of Rome, shed a light upon his future policy. He renounced a federation in which his brothers were not sufficiently docile; he gradually withdrew power from them and concentrated his affection and ambition on the son who was the guarantee of the continuance of his dynasty. This was the apogee of the empire.
But undermining forces already impinged the faults inherent in his unwieldy achievement. Britain, protected by the English Channel and her navy, was persistently active; and rebellion both of the governing and of the governed broke out everywhere. Napoleon felt his failure in coping with the Spanish Uprising, which he underrated, while yet unable to suppress it altogether. Men like Stein, Hardenberg and Scharnhorst had secretly started preparing Prussia's retaliation.
Napoleon's formidable material power could not stand against the moral force of the pope, now a prisoner at Fontainebleau; and this he did not realise. The alliance arranged at Tilsit was seriously shaken by the Austrian marriage, the threat of a Polish restoration, and the unfriendly policy of Napoleon at Constantinople. The very persons whom he had placed in power were counteracting his plans: after four years' experience Napoleon found himself obliged to treat his Corsican dynasties like those of the ancien régime, and all his relations were betraying him. Caroline Bonaparte conspired against her brother and against her husband Murat; the hypochondriac Louis, now Dutch in his sympathies, found the supervision of the blockade taken from him, and also the defence of the Scheldt, which he had refused to ensure; Jérôme Bonaparte, idling in his harem, lost that of the North Sea shores; and Joseph, who was attempting the moral conquest of Spain, was continually insulted at Madrid. The very nature of things was against the new dynasties, as it had been against the old.
After national insurrections and family recriminations came treachery from Napoleon's ministers. Talleyrand betrayed his designs to Metternich and suffered dismissal; Joseph Fouché corresponded with Austria in 1809 and 1810, entered into an understanding with Louis, and also with Britain; while Bourrienne was convicted of speculation. By a natural consequence of the spirit of conquest Napoleon had aroused, all these parvenus, having tasted victory, dreamed of sovereign power: Bernadotte, who had helped him to the Consulate, played Napoleon false to win the crown of Sweden; Soult, like Murat, coveted the Spanish throne after that of Portugal, thus anticipating the treason of 1813 and the defection of 1814; many persons hoped for "an accident" which might resemble the tragic ends of Alexander the Great and of Julius Caesar.
The country itself, besides, though flattered by conquests, was tired of self-sacrifice. It had become satiated; "the cry of the mothers rose threateningly" against "the Ogre" and his intolerable imposition of wholesale conscription. The soldiers themselves, discontented after Austerlitz, cried out for peace after Eylau. Finally, amidst profound silence from the press and the Assemblies, a protest was raised against imperial despotism by the literary world, against the excommunicated sovereign by Catholicism, and against the author of the continental blockade by the discontented bourgeoisie, ruined by the crisis of 1811.
Even as he lost his military principles, he maintained his gift for brilliance. His Six Days Campaign, which took place at the very end of the Sixth Coalition, is regarded as his greatest display of leadership. But by then it was the end, and it was during the years before when, instead of the armies and governments of the old system, which had hitherto reigned supreme, the nations of Europe conspired against France. And while the Emperor and his holdings idled and worsened the rest of Europe agreed to avenge the events of 1792. The three campaigns of two years (1812–14) would bring total catastrophe.
Napoleon had hardly succeeded in putting down the revolt in Germany when the Czar of Russia himself headed a European insurrection against Napoleon. To put a stop to this, to ensure his own access to the Mediterranean and exclude his chief rival, Napoleon made an effort in 1812 against Russia. Despite his victorious advance, the taking of Smolensk, the victory on the Moskva, and the entry into Moscow, he was defeated by the country and the climate, and by Alexander's refusal to make terms. After this came the lamentable retreat in the harsh Russian winter, while all Europe was concentrating against him. Pushed back, as he had been in Spain, from bastion to bastion, after the action on the Berezina, Napoleon had to fall back upon the frontiers of 1809, and then—having refused the peace offered him by Austria at the Congress of Prague, from a dread of losing Italy, where each of his victories had marked a stage in the accomplishment of his dream—on those of 1805, despite Lützen and Bautzen, and on those of 1802 after his defeat at Leipzig, when Bernadotte – now Crown Prince of Sweden – turned upon him, Jean Victor Moreau also joined the Allies, and longstanding allied nations, such as Saxony and Bavaria, forsook him as well.
Following his retreat from Russia, Napoleon continued to retreat, this time from Germany. After the loss of Spain, reconquered by an allied army led by Wellington, the rising in the Netherlands preliminary to the invasion and the manifesto of Frankfurt which proclaimed it, he had to fall back upon the frontiers of 1795; and then later was driven yet farther back upon those of 1792—despite the campaign of 1814 against the invaders. Paris capitulated on 30 March 1814, and the Delenda Carthago, pronounced against Britain, was spoken of Napoleon. The Empire fell with Napoleon's abdication at Fontainebleau.
After a brief exile at Elba, Napoleon recaptured the throne temporarily in 1815, reviving the Empire in what is known as the Hundred Days. However, he was defeated by the Seventh Coalition at the Battle of Waterloo. He was captured by the British and exiled to Saint Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic, where he would remain until his death in 1821. After the Hundred Days, the Bourbon monarchy was restored in France, with Louis XVIII taking the throne, while the rest of Napoleon's conquests were disposed of in the Congress of Vienna. (source: wiki)
France has access to the following custom LME units (Some shared with other factions):
Army:
Eclaireurs-Grenadiers de la Garde
Eclaireurs-Lanciers de la Garde Impériale
Gendarmes d'ordonnance de la Garde Impériale
Gendarmes d'elite de la Garde Impériale
Garde d'honneur de la Garde Impériale
Mamelouks de la Garde Impériale
Chevau-Legers Lanciers de Berg
22e Régiment de Chasseurs á Cheval
27e Régiment de Chasseurs á Cheval
1er Régiment de Hussards
6e Régiment de Dragons
28e Régiment de Dragons
1er Régiment de Carabiniers
1e Régiment de Cuirassiers (le Régiment de Fer)
5e Régiment de Cuirassiers (le Royal Pologne)
8e Régiment de Cuirassiers
Hussards
Régiment de hussards croates (Croatia)
Tirailleurs-Grenadiers de la Garde Impériale
Tirailleurs-Chasseurs de la Garde Impériale
Flanqueurs-Chasseurs de la Garde Impériale
Flanqueurs-Grenadiers de la Garde Impériale
Grenadiers à pied de la Garde Impériale
Chasseurs à pied de la Garde Impériale
Fusiliers-Chasseurs de la Garde Impériale
Fusiliers-Grenadiers de la Garde impériale
Vélites de Florence
Vélites de Turin
Régiment Joseph-Napoléon
Légion du Midi
57e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (Le Terrible)
84e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (Un contre Dix)
85e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
93e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
112e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (Le vainqueur de Raab)
Les Vètèrans de Grenadiers à pied Hollandais
9e régiment d'infanterie légère (L'incomparable)
10e régiment d'infanterie légère
13e régiment d'infanterie légère
24e régiment d'infanterie légère
26e régiment d'infanterie légère
La légion hanovrienne
Tirailleurs Corses
Tirailleurs du Pô
Régiment Etrangers
1er Régiment Provisoire Croate Voltigeur (Croatia)
Chasseurs d'Montagne
Chasseurs d'Illyrie
Régiment pénal
Carabiniers á pied
Régiment Suisses (Grenadiers)
Régiment Suisses (Voltigeurs)
111e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (Piedmontese)
Le régiment de chasseurs à cheval d'Anhalt
Le bataillon d'infanterie d'Anhalt
Le bataillon d’infanterie d'Schwarzbourg
Le bataillon d’infanterie d'Reuss
Le bataillon d’infanterie d'Lippe
Le bataillon d’infanterie d'Waldeck
Le régiment d’infanterie d'Wurzbourg
Légion du Danube (Legia Naddunajska)
Légion Polonaise (Legiony Polskie)
Légion du Nord (Legia Północna)
Légion de la Vistule (Legia Nadwiślańska)
4-lber Foot Artillery
6-lber Foot Artillery
8-lber Foot Artillery
12-lber Foot Artillery
6-lber Horse Artillery
Artillerie à Pied
Artillerie à Cheval
Artillerie à Cheval de la Garde Imperiale, Young Guard
Artillerie à Cheval de la Garde Imperiale, Old Guard
Artillerie à Pied de la Garde Imperiale, Young Guard
Artillerie à Pied de la Garde Imperiale, Old Guard
5.5" Foot Howitzer
5.5" Horse Howitzer
6" Foot Howitzer
Experimental Howitzer
Navy (number=guns):
Orient(122)
Impérial(122)
Océan(122)
Majestueux(122)
Austerlitz(122)
Révolutionnaire(106)
Commerce de Paris(106)
Duc d'Angouleme(106)
Invincible(106)
Bucentaure(80)
Formidable(80)
Indomtable(80)
Neptune(80)
Redoutable(74)
Achille(74)
Vétéran(74)
Psyche(38)
Vaisseau de ligne de la Classe Océan (122)
Vaisseau de ligne de la Classe Bucentaure (80)
Vaisseau de ligne de la Classe Téméraire (74)
Vaisseau de ligne de la Classe Pluton (74)
Frégate (38)
Frégate (32)
Corvette (24)
Frégate carronade
Brig
Sloop
Experimental 38-gun Steam Ship
Experimental Steam Paddle Frigate
Experimental 80-gun Steam Ship
Navire de commerce (Merchantman type)
Navire de commerce (Indiaman type)
Tirailleurs du Pô
Last edited by Iutland; September 19, 2012 at 02:10 PM. Reason: New information added