Portuguese Uniforms of the Peninsular War

**Geronimo2006** · June 24, 2010, 06:13 AM

Having received the book "Guerra Peninsular" today from Manuel Ribeiro Rodrigues, I will now post pictures of Portuguese uniforms from the Peninsular War. He has given me permission to post images from this book. Below: Uniform colours for regiments (1806-15). All wore dark-blue coats. Azul-ferrete= Dark-Blue. Branco=White. Encarnado=Red. Amarelo=Yellow. Azul-claro=Light-Blue. Remember that in 1806-9, the infantry wore white-trousers (white or light-grey after 1809) in Summer and dark-blue trousers in Winter.:

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The infantry wore shako-hats. Next is a template for the Portuguese Shako hat in the uniform plan of 1806-9:

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Description of the 1806-9 shako (with references to the picture):

Originally Posted by Guera Peninsula

Made from black-felt (a) with a polished leather vizor (b) also in black. Above the vizor was a thin brass metal-band that ran the length of the vizor and with a cut-out regimental number in the middle (c); above this an oval cartouche, also in brass, with the Portuguese national arms in relief (d); on the back were to be found two black leather supports with buttons in hardened leather. A bow-shaped cockade (f) with the national colours of dark-blue and scarlet, in wool for the men of the line and of silk for the officers. Cords: In dark-blue wool braided with the colour of the uniform's lining (h) up to junior officers; with a gold cord

The shako-hats changed a bit in the 1810 uniform plan e.g. now a cylindrical shape as shown below:

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Description of shako in 1810 plan:

Originally Posted by Guera Peninsular

The 1810 model was cylindrical in shape, of the type nicknamed 'stove-pipe' by the English, and was manufactured in poorer quality materials than the 1806 version. It was made of black felt with leather reinforcement bands around the inside bottom and top quarters, the vizor being of varnished leather in the same colour. Over the vizor was a brass band, narrow and the same length as the vizor, in the middle of which appeared the regimental number, and slightly further up another brass plate, elliptical in shape, which bore the Portuguese Coat-of-Arms in relief. A bow shaped cockade in dark blue and scarlet was placed front and centre at the top of the shako at the b ase of the white plume, which was about 15cm long. The bow was made out of wool for privates and under-officers and in silk for senior officers as shown in Figure 46.

Apart from this, the only other change in infantry uniforms during the Peninsular war was a slight change to the plume in the shako as follows:

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Description from book:

Originally Posted by Guera Peninsular

Until the end of the Iberian Campaigns, or to be more precise up to 1815 there were no further changes in infantry dress except:
Shako Plume: In there was a small change in the colour of the plumes used.

Left-to-Right: Picture 1. Infantry Regiment No.7 (Setubal), Cadet, Light Infantry Company, summer uniform (1806-8). Picture 2: (man sitting down): Infantry Regiment No.15 (Oporto), 1st Sergeant of the Grenadier Company in winter uniform (1806-10). Note the grenade embossed on the shako band with cut-out regimental-number. Picture 3. Infantry Regiment No.21 (Valenca), Private in fatigue uniform (barracks service) summer 1806-10. Note the fatigue cap with piping in the facing colour; this cap later gave rise to the bivuac cap:

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Same picture from behind (black and white). The numbers refer to the same as in the colour picture above:

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Left to right: 1. Infantry Regiment No.3 (Estremoz), Colonel, summer uniform, mounted service, 1810-15 (Note the duty gorget at the throat, the rear of the coatee which different in cut for officers in cut for officers as compared with other ranks, the edging on the holsters and saddle cloth which corresponded to the rank the officer field, together with the piping in the colour of the Military Region). 2. Infantry Regiment No.23 (Almeida), Pioneer summer uniform (1806-10). (Note the crossed axes embossed on the shako band with the cut-out unit number, the distinguishing epaulette fringes in dark blue wool sewn to the cloth epaulettes, the leather apron, the gauntlet gloves and the axe, the strap which held the cartridge pouch so that it did not swing forward when the soldier moved or fell, this method being common to everyone equipped with them):

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Same two soldiers from behind (black and white - numbers refer to same):

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Musicians: Left-to-Right. Picture 1. Infantry Regiment No.11 (Viseu), Fifer in winter uniform (1810-15). (Note the braiding in the sleeves, and the leather case to protect the fife). Picture 2: Infantry Regiment No.9 (Viana), Drum Major in summer uniform (1806-1810) (Note that the soldier holds the rank of 2nd Regiment, also the braiding on the sleeves, around the cuffs and also the collar). Picture 3: Infantry Regiment No.4 (Lisbon), Drum Corporal in winter uniform (1806-10). (Note the two braid rings around the cuffs indicating the rank, the way the drum is suspended, the leather apron covering the left leg and the woollen braids along the seems of the sleeves):

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Same picture from behind (numbers refer to same as colour picture:

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Top-to-bottom: Picture 1: Infantry Regiment No.17, Fifer (1806-10). Picture 2: Infantry Regiment No.20, Lieutenant in winter uniform with greatcoat (1808-9). Picture 3: Drummer, Infantry Regiment No.20 (1806-9):

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Infantry Regiment No.24; Corporal 1810-5:

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Infantry Regiment No.6 in winter uniform (1806-10):

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6th Infantry Regiment in Summer uniforms (1806-10):

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Picture 1 (Left): Infantry Regiment No.8 (Castelo de Vide), Private, summer uniform (1810-5) (Note the shako model 1809-10 with the 1806 pattern trousers). Picture 2: Infantry Regiment No.21 (Valenca), Private, winter uniform (1806-10) (Note the triangle of coat colour cloth holding the skirt flap back):

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Same picture from behind (black and white):

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Infantry Regiment No.15 Standard Bearers in 1806-10 and 1810-15. Picture 1: Infantry Regiment No.15 (Vila Vicosa), Ensign Standard-Bearer in summer uniform (1806-10) Picture 2: Infantry Regiment No.15 (Vila Vicosa) Ensign standard-bearer in winter uniform (1810-5):

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Same standard-bearers from behind (black and white):

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[/QUOTE]Coatee:

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Description of coatee (uniform plan 1806-9):

Originally Posted by Guera Peninsular

Made from dark-blue fabric, buttoned up the right side with eight large plain, brass buttons. The collar and cuffs, lining, lapels were all in the respective Regimental colours, Fig 3 and 4. The turnbacks were held in place by a small triangle of dark-blue. The cuffs were closed by two large buttons of the same pattern as the breast buttons. There was piping down the front beside the button holes and towards the turnbacks. The pockets were horizontal closed by a flap of the uniform colour and fastened by three small gilt metal buttons. The skirt flaps had coloured piping.

Epaulets (1806-9 plan):

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Description in book:

Originally Posted by Guera Peninsular

Epaulettes for Enlisted Men: Made from cloth in the same colour as the uniform with piping in the same colour as the lining, these were swen on to the shoulder with the upper flap fastened down with a button in the same style as those on the uniform.

Next Fig 6-7: Waistcoat and shirt. Fig. 8 (next two blue pictures): Winter Trousers (made from dark-blue wool). Fig 9 (last 2 white pictures): Summer-Pantaloons (with a crotch piece in thicker white linen and fastening over the ankles with five buttons in ivory white.:

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In 1809, the following looser trousers was introduced:

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Below left-to-right: Fig.10: Shoes made from Moroccan leather. Fig.11: Gaiters cut from black cloth, fastening with eight cuff buttons in the same colour. Fig.12: Fatigue-cap. Made from dark-blue cotton mix, with a hem and lining in the colour of the uniform's lining.:

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Description of Fatigue-Trousers: Made from white or off-white fabric in the same cut as those in Fig 8 (see 2 spoiler-tags ago).

Officer's Epaulets by rank:

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There are also some special-uniforms e.g. for grenadiers, officers, pioneers and fifers and drummers and I will post them today. Firstly, the special coats and brass-bands (on the shako hats) of Grenadiers and Light-Infantry Regiments:

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Uniforms of Pioneers (Porta-machado) (Specialist members of a grenadier company),a Drum-Major, musicians and insignia of junior-officers:

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Officers' Uniforms:

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Next, a duty-gorget worne by officers on duty around the neck by a cord of gold thread:

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Next. a Colonel of Infantry Regiment No.23 in winter-uniform from uniform regulations of 19th May 1806:

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Next: Infantry regiment No.5 at arms drill for the Exercise of Infantry, by order of William Carr Beresford, Lisbon (1810) (note that the soldiers are wearing the new mode shako bit that the trousers are still of the 1806 pattern):

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Colonel of Infantry Regiment No.10 (1806-10) , wearing boots for mounted service:

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Next. Infantry Regiment No.16 in winter uniform (1806-9):

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Infantry No.1 (Lisbon), Bandmaster and band, summer uniform (1810-6) (note that a Bandmaster is holding the titular rank of 1st Seargeant and the distinctions of a Cadet, and eight Musicians, consisting of a base drummer, a side drummer, a clarinettist, a hautist, a trumpeteer, a serpent player and a bassoonist. Note also the yellow silk braiding along the seams of the sleeves):

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**Ludicus** · June 24, 2010, 07:37 AM

Thank you, geronimo2006!

**Geronimo2006** · June 25, 2010, 09:36 AM

I've updated Post 1 with loads more pictures. Hopefully a modder will put them in the game as I can't mod NTW yet.

**Didz** · June 28, 2010, 04:09 AM

Does anyone have any sources for the uniform of the Portuguese Army before it was placed under the command of the British. I've tried to find sources based on the war of the oranges in 1801, but so far no had much luck.

I got the impression that the 1812 shako was actually modelled on the local Portuguese version, but even that seems doubtful given the information above. I just wondered how much British funding and patronage influenced the Portuguese uniforms in the restructuring of the army after the alliance.

**Prince of Essling** · June 28, 2010, 06:48 AM

Originally Posted by Didz

Does anyone have any sources for the uniform of the Portuguese Army before it was placed under the command of the British. I've tried to find sources based on the war of the oranges in 1801, but so far no had much luck.

I got the impression that the 1812 shako was actually modelled on the local Portuguese version, but even that seems doubtful given the information above. I just wondered how much British funding and patronage influenced the Portuguese uniforms in the restructuring of the army after the alliance.

Only Knotel which I posted on mediafire http://www.mediafire.com/?sharekey=1...0654b192e70f3f and Osprey at rapidshare.com File: Osprey_-_Men_At_Arms_343_-_The_Portugese_Army_of_the_Napoleonic_Wars_-_Volume_1_-_OCR.pdf

**Didz** · June 28, 2010, 07:24 AM

Originally Posted by Prince of Essling

Only Knotel which I posted on mediafire http://www.mediafire.com/?sharekey=1...0654b192e70f3f and Osprey at rapidshare.com File: Osprey_-_Men_At_Arms_343_-_The_Portugese_Army_of_the_Napoleonic_Wars_-_Volume_1_-_OCR.pdf

I downloaded what I think is the Osprey book you mentioned the last time, but most of the information in it is post-1809 and the uniform prints are all from 1808-1810. There is a brief mention of early regiments consisting of seven companies including one grenadier company but beyond that not much before the arrival of the British except for details of the Portuguese Legion in the service of France.

**Prince of Essling** · June 28, 2010, 08:13 AM

Originally Posted by Didz

I downloaded what I think is the Osprey book you mentioned the last time, but most of the information in it is post-1809 and the uniform prints are all from 1808-1810. There is a brief mention of early regiments consisting of seven companies including one grenadier company but beyond that not much before the arrival of the British except for details of the Portuguese Legion in the service of France.

Sorry for any crossed wires. My current post is referring to the newer 3 volume Osprey Men at Arms on the Portuguese Army. I accept the earlier single volume on the Portuguese Army was not what you were after.

Volume 1 does have colour plates of 1793-95 infantry uniforms, and a few others pre-British reforms. This newer version covers Portugal's political and military situation at the outbreak of war, Marshal Beresford's rebuilding of the Portuguese army, the general staff and the line infantry.
Volume 2 which covers the light troops, the Cazadores, the cavalry, the engineers and the many smaller corps of the military and civil establishments, as well as colours and standards. It has a colour plate of an 1805 light infantryman. See http://rapidshare.com/files/.../Ospr...nic_Wars_2.pdf

Volume 3 features the artillery, militia, volunteers, Ordenanza, offshore islands, colonies and the navy. Coloured plate of 1793 artilleryman. http://go.rapiddigger.com/rapidshare...-pdf-20303625/

Osprey say that these are based on Portuguese as well as newly discovered British documents, it is hoped that this three-volume study will form the most extensive source yet published in English on the

organisation and material culture of the Portuguese forces between 1793 and 1815.

Volume 1 has a reasonable amount of detail of the material supplied by Britain to Portugal for example these paraphrased extracts:

Between 1796 and 1801 shipments totalled some 32,500 muskets, 17,000 carbines (including 8,000 sergeants’), 6,300 pistols and 16,500 swords (including 3,500 for infantry and drummers), and 20 brass 12-pounder field guns with ammunition, accoutrements and equipments (PRO, WO 1/223). From 1808 that British government aid became extraordinary; great quantities of money, arms of all sorts, clothing, and equipments were sent.

Between 1808 and 1814, Portugal received about 160,000 muskets, 2,300 Baker rifles, 3,000 cavalry

carbines, 7,000 pistols and some 15,000 cavalry swords.

Material for about 190,000 suits of clothing was sent from England between 1808 and 1815. Very little of this – apart from some green uniforms for the Loyal Lusitanian Legion – appears to have been

shipped in 1808.

**Geronimo2006** · June 28, 2010, 07:46 AM

Would it possible to reskin the Portuguese drums to look like they do in the above pictures?

**Geronimo2006** · June 28, 2010, 01:33 PM

I think there is a second "Guera Peninsular" book so I will ask Sr Rodrigues to send it on. Maybe we can learn more about the Cavalry.

**Geronimo2006** · June 29, 2010, 06:46 PM

Excellent work Prince of Essling +1.

Sr Rodrigues emailed me today and said that the other Guera Peninsula book has information on the cavalry and he will send photocopies. When I get those I will post them here. He has told me today I have permission to post all pictures from the book on this forum.

He also has the score of Portuguese marches of this period. More info when I have it. Would be great if Brigadier Graham could add those tunes to his march mods.

In 1809 the Duke of Wellington was made the marshal-general of the Portuguese army by Joao VI

Strictly-speaking Prince Regent Joao (his mother Maria I was insane but still technically Queen until 1816).

**Geronimo2006** · July 21, 2010, 06:37 PM

Prince of Essling I was sent an email today by Sr Rodrigues about your references to Osprey:

Estive a ver o fórum com bastante atenção e preciso esclarecer algumas coisas.

O nosso amigo Prince of Essling escreveu sobre os oficiais generais e o que leu nos livros da Osprey " The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars" volume 1, página 33. Só que o livro esclarece muito pouco sobre os postos e as distinções dos oficiais. Por exemplo a cada posto correspondia um bordado específico.

Eu admiro imenso a obra do Sr. René Chartrand, principalmente pelos seus largos conhecimentos de história militar e principalmente de uniformes e trajes militares de todas as épocas, de todos os países, o que me deixa perplexo é a sua diversidade e os seus vastos conhecimentos (quase enciclopédicos), pois tanto escreve sobre:

"La prise de Rio de Janeiro par les Français en 1711" - Revista "Tradition" no. 250 Juillet/Août de 2010, ou

"L'Armée Assyrienne" - revista "Prétorien" N. 15 Juillet/Setembre 2010, ou

" L'Héroisme du 8 Septembre 1855:la prise de Malakoff" - revista "Tradition" Janvier/Février 2010 ou

"L'Armée de L'Inde Britannique 1796-1815, revista "Soldats Napoléoniens" No 24, Décembre 2009, ou

" "Miliciens et Volontaires du Royaume-Uni 1793-1815", revista "Soldats Napoléoniens" No 25 de Mars de 2010

etc., etc., etc., etc.

Não resta dúvidas que é uma produção enorme, extraordinária e muito variada, sobre temas, países e épocas tão diferentes, que vão desde a antiguidade até aos nossos dias... bravo!

Diz-se aqui em Portugal "como é possível, uma só pessoa tocar tantos instrumentos" quer isto dizer, mais ou menos "como é possível um só músico tocar todos os instrumentos de uma orquestra sinfónica" certamente alguns tocará bem, outros menos mal e outros mal...

Sobre os três volumes da Osprey direi que são bons, embora tenham algumas falhas (o que é natural) é que além da complexidade dos nossos regulamentos também existe a língua e a interpretação que por vezes não é a mais correcta. As ilustrações são excelentes mas algumas com erros de pormenor. as barretinas (schako) do modelo de 1806 estão todas mal feitas, porque como pode ver no meu livro a frente não é falsa. Nos desenhos o schako é o do modelo inglês 1811/12.

Reconheço que o autor dos livros se baseou muito em objectos e conselhos menos correctos. Observe que as fotografias dos objectos que estão nos livros: Volume (2) páginas 11, 44 e 45 e volume (3) páginas 44, 45 46 e 47 não são da época! São cópias tendo sido algumas executadas em 1908 para as comemorações dos 100 anos da Guerra Peninsular e que por acaso estão muito mal feitas e cheias de erros.

O schako da página 44 e 45 são os modelos feitos para as cerimónias anuais da Batalha do Buçaco e estão extremamente mal executados e errados, aliás eu conheço a pessoa que os fez em Lisboa na Fábrica Militar de Fardamentos ( Oficinas Gerais de Fardamento e Equipamento).A da página 46 é um modelo executado recentemente.

No volume (3) plate A figura 3 que bordados são aqueles que o pífaro tem??? Plate D e os deste tambor, excesso de bordados e o coat of arms do tambor? E a quantidade de bordados do drum-major do volume (1) plate G figura 2 ?? E muito, muito mais.

Neste momento estou a publicar no Jornal do Exército precisamente os uniformes dos oficiais generais, vou enviar-lhe cópias. O livro sobre a cavalaria: ando a tentar ver se arranjo um exemplar, mas náo está fácil. se não conseguir mando fotocópias.

Originally Posted by Google Translation

I've been watching the forum with a lot of attention and need to clarify some things.

Our friend the Prince of Essling wrote about the officers and generals who read the books in the Osprey "The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars volume 1, page 33. But the book explains very little about the jobs and the distinctions of the officers. For example correspond to each station a specific embroidery.

I greatly admire the works of Mr. René Chartrand, especially by his broad knowledge of military history and especially military uniforms and costumes for all ages, from all countries, what puzzles me is its diversity and its extensive knowledge (almost encyclopedic), since both writes:

"La prize of Rio de Janeiro en 1711 par les Français" - Journal "Tradition" no. 250 Juillet / Août 2010, or

"L'Armée Assyrienne" - magazine Prétorien "N. 15 Juillet / September 2010, or

"L'Heroism du 8 Septembre 1855: la gear Malakoff" - magazine "Tradition" Janvier / Février 2010 or

"L'Armee de L'Inde Britannique 1796-1815, journal Soldats Napoléoniens" At 24, Décembre 2009, or

"Miliciens Volontaires et du Royaume-Uni 1793-1815", journal Soldats Napoléoniens "In 25 Mars 2010

etc.. etc.. etc.. etc..

There is no doubt that is a huge production, very extraordinary and varied topics, as different countries and ages, ranging from antiquity to the present day ... bravo!

It says here in Portugal "as is possible, one person playing all instruments" that is to say, more or less "how can a single musician playing all the instruments of a symphony orchestra" certainly will play some good, some less evil and other bad ...

Over the three volumes of the Osprey will say are good, although a few flaws (which is natural) is that besides the complexity of our regulations, there is also the language and the interpretation which is sometimes not the right one. The illustrations are excellent but with some errors of detail. the shako (Schako) Model 1806 are all poorly made, because how can see my book on the front is not false. In the drawings the Schako is the English model 1811/12.

I recognize that the author of the books were based on objects and less accurate advice. Note that the photographs of objects that are in the books: Volume (2) pages 11, 44 and 45 and volume (3) pages 44, 45, 46 and 47 are not the time! Some copies are being executed in 1908 for the celebrations of 100 years of the Peninsular War and that by chance are very badly made and full of errors.

The Schako page 44 and 45 models are made for the annual ceremonies Battle Buçaco and are poorly executed and very wrong, indeed I know the person who made them in Lisbon Factory military uniforms (General Workshop for uniforms and equipment) . The page 46 is a model recently implemented.

In volume (3) plate Figure 3 are embroidered that those who have the fife?? Plate D, and this barrel, over-embroidered coat of arms and the drum? And the amount of embroidery of the drum-major of the volume (1) G plate Figure 2? And much, much more.

I am currently publish in the Official Army precisely the uniforms of generals, I will send you copies. The book about the cavalry: I'm trying to see if I can get a copy, but it is not easy. if you can not send photocopies.

**Prince of Essling** · July 22, 2010, 11:44 AM

Many thanks and most interesting comments by Sr Rodrigues who makes a very good point about needing to be wary as no single person can have an encyclopedic knowledge ........

**Geronimo2006** · July 23, 2010, 11:03 PM

Good news. Sr Rodrigues sent me pictures of the uniforms of the Marines in the Napoleonic Wars. I will post them here. BRM = Brigada Real na Marinha/Royal Marine Brigade):

1807 BRM Shako:

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BRM Artillery Shako (1807):

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BRM artillery (1806):

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Brigada Real da Marinha (BRM), 1807:

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From re-enactment (Royal Marine Brigade/Brigada Real da Marinha ):

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1st Lieutenant (1807):

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Fusilier of Navy (1807) (front with summer uniform; back with Winter uniform):

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BRM Captain/Capitao (1807):

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BRM (1814) (man with red sash around waist is an officer):

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Naval Enginner Constructor/engenheiro construtor naval (1806):

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1° Piloto da armada (1806):

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**Geronimo2006** · August 03, 2010, 04:07 PM

Sr Rodrigues has sent me some artillery pictures from the Peninsular War (mostly photographs from re-enactments in Almeida and Lamego).:

Originally Posted by MRR

Today I will resume the Peninsular War and the effect of sending some pictures and two pictures on Artillery. The photographs were taken by me, the 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are in Lamego in 2008 and were made during an exhibition that I organized with material from my private collection, on the Peninsular war (if you find it interesting I can send some pictures of it) was at the Center for Special Operations troops (aka Rangers), the number 5, 6, 7 and 8 were also taken by me in Almeida during a reenactment of that I was part of jury that was going to award a prize on "the best of popular militias paisano" (I also have photos). The engravings are from my collection.

MRR says: "No. 1 - this is a Captain of Artillery, the strands of "Schako" beyond the blue and red should be mixed umbilical cord of gold":

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MRR says: "No. 2 - the tassels of the following "band of silk" (sash) should be blue and silver and not red".:

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MRR says: "No. 5 - to our left Infantry, Artillery in the middle and right Cacadores":

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Remaining photographs:

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Engravings from MRR's private collection:

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**drum major** · August 03, 2010, 05:30 PM

Hello
In português Timbalo is a kettledrum and not a cuban instrument (?) ok.

And de photos is not "taken by me in Adms (?)", but in Almeida

Ok? Best regards to all
from
MARR
(drum major)

**Geronimo2006** · August 04, 2010, 12:57 PM

"Popular militias" (and a statue) photos sent to me by MRR today:

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MRR says:"More photos of Almeida (re-enactment there), the Regiment was 23, but there are members of other units, as in picture 6 (1st picture below) you can see from the flags, a soldier of the Infantry Regiment No. 6 Company of Grenadiers, watch the blue and yellow fringes in cloth epaulettes"

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