I might sound a little sexist here but the truth is history has been dominated by powerful men who led giant empires and armies. Few women do become powerful players in history. But practically none became as powerful as this woman.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Zetian
She was the only female EMPEROR of China in chinese history. She was NOT just an empress (aka first lady), she actually proclaimed herself to be the Emperor (huangdi in chinese) and ruled as a legitimate one during the powerful Tang dynasty.
Powerful women were not rare examples in Chinese history. Due to confucian ideal of obeying and respecting parents, emperors often pay great respect to the wishes of their mothers, who most of time were much younger then their husband and lived on for many years as Empress Dowager (mother of emperor). When the emperor is young, Empress Dowager often dominated the court as the de facto ruler being the most respected member of the royal family. Wu Zetian however, moved beyond that. She proclaimed herself the emperor of one of the largest empires in history. I don't think any woman even to this day has matched this (at least being emperor of such a giant country with ACTUAL power, not being ceremonial queen).
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ps. i would consider queen victoria to be in the conversation but I think she was closer to a ceremonial head of state (though she had immense prestige) than an absolute monarch like Wu Zetian. Elizabeth I was probably comparable to Wu Zetian's role.
the bigger difference is that she was not born into a royal family. She was only a concubine of the previous tang emperor and gradually gained power.





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