Nogai Horde ( Khanate of Nogay )

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Nogai Horde ( Khanate of Nogay )









Nogays ( Nogai's ) BANNERS:





















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[Boztorgai_Khan]

The Nogai Horde was a confederation of Turkic nomads that occupied the Pontic-Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed south by the Russians in the 17th century. 'Nogai' is more of an ethnonym than an ethnic group. The Nogais as well as the people of the Golden Horde, the Cumans and the Kipchaks, and possibly Petchenegs, Avars and Khazars were largely the same population with a different ruling group and slightly different dominant language and therefore a different name. For their remnant in Dagestan and elsewhere, see Nogai (people). They are named after Nogai Khan.


Society

There were two groups of Nogais: those north of the Caspian Sea under their own Beg (leader), and those north of the Black Sea nominally subject to the Crimean Khan. The first group was broken up circa 1632 by the Kalmycks. The second shared the fate of the Khanate of Crimea.
Nogai language was a form of Kypchak Turkic, the same language group as that of the neighboring Kazakhs, Bashkirs and Crimean and Kazan Tatars. Their religion was Muslim, but religious institutions were weakly developed.

They were pastoral nomads grazing sheep, horses, and camels. Outside goods were obtained by trade (mostly horses and slaves), raiding and tribute. There were some subject peasants along the Yaik river. One of the main sources of income for the Nogais was raiding for slaves, who were sold in Crimea and Bukhara. Hunting, fishing, caravan taxation and seasonal agricultural migration also played a role although it is poorly documented.

The basic social unit was the semi-autonomous 'ulus' or band. There may have been some more complicated clan structure. Aristocrats were called mirza. The ruler of the Nogais was the Beg (not Khan since the rulers generally did not claim descent from Ghenghis Khan). The capital or winter camp was at Saraychik, a decayed caravan town on the lower Yaik. From 1537 the second in rank was the Nureddin, usually the Beg's son or younger brother and expected successor. The Nureddin held the right bank along the Volga. From the 1560s there was a second Nureddin, a sort of a war chief. Third in rank was the Keikuvat, who held the Emba. Political organization was fluid and much depended on personal prestige since as nomads, the Nogai subjects could simply move away from a leader who was disliked. Ambassadors and merchants were regularly beaten and robbed. 'Horse thief', a looked down upon lifestyle in many cultures, was, on the steppe, a badge of honor and an important part of social and economic life. Begs and Mirzas would often declare themselves vassals of some outside power, but such declarations had little meaning.

Circa 1557 Kazy Mirza quarreled with Ismael Beg and founded the Small Nogai Horde on the Kuban. The Nogais north of the Caspian were thereafter called the Great Nogai Horde.

The Nogais north of the Black Sea were nominally subject to the Crimean Khan rather than the Nogai Beg. They were divided into the following groups: Budjak (from the Danube to the Dniester), Yedisan (from the Dniester to the Bug), Jamboyluk (Bug to Crimea), Yedickul (north of Crimea) and Kuban. Sources are poor here, but some of these groups appear to have been something like clans or tribes. In particular, the Yedisans are mentioned as a distinct group, and in various locations.


History

Decline of the Golden Horde

1299 Nogai Khan, the Mongol ruler whom the Nogais were named after.
1406-1419 Edigu, another subject and king-maker, founds Nogai dynasty
1438 Kazan Khanate founded
1441 Crimean Khanate founded
1452 Kasimov 'khanate' founded (on Oka, vassal to Moscow). Beginning of Russian rule over Turkic Muslims.
1465 Kazakh Khanate founded (or 1480. debatable)
1466 Astrakhan Khanate founded
1466 At this point the Golden Horde was left with only the steppe nomads, Sarai and some control over the caravan trade. Name Great Horde appears some time after this.
1470s Nogais hostile to Great Horde
1475 Ottomans take Kaffa from Genoese. Possible increase in slave trade.
1480-1519 Moscow and Crimea allied against Horde and Lithuania
1480 Ugra standoff: Horde fails in attack on Moscow. Approximate start of Russian independence from Tatars.
1481 Nogais kill Khan of the Great Horde in battle.
1502 Crimeans destroy remnant of Golden Horde(as an organization). Sarai destroyed.


Independence

c1509 Nogais move into lands vacated by Great Horde
1519 end of Moscow-Crimean alliance
1521 Nogais, driven west by the Kazakhs, cross Volga and attack Astrakhan
1521 Crimea(50-60,000 horsemen) and Kazan attack Muscovy. Moscow besieged. Much booty.
1522 Kazakhs capture Nogai capital ???
1523 Crimea briefly takes Astrakhan, but its army and Khan are destroyed by the Nogais.
1547-1584 Ivan the Terrible Czar
1552 KAZAN annexed by Russia. Nogais loose tribute.
c1550-60 Disorder. Moscow backs unpopular Ismael Beg. Ataulskaya Horde formed on the Emba
1556 Famine
1556 ASTRAKHAN annexed by Russia. Nogais loose tribute.
1557 Mirza Kazy crosses Volga and founds SMALL HORDE along the Kuban
1567-1571 Russian fort on the on Terek, south of Nogais. Turks alarmed.
1569 Ottomans and Crimeans with Small Horde fail to take Astrakhan
1570s Kazakh pressure shifts Nogai trade away from Central Asia toward Moscow.
1571 Major Crimean-Nogai attack on Moscow. 100,000 horsemen. Moscow burned.
1572 second raid fails.
1580/81: Saraichick destroyed by renegade Cossacks (or 1577:taken by Russians - sources unclear).
1582/83 Russian peace with Sweden and Lithuania
1580s New Russian forts on the Volga.
1588 many Nogais move to Don. Very destructive fighting between Big and Small Hordes.
1592 Crimean raid on Moscow frontier. Many captives
1598 Moscow pushes fortifications south.
1600 Moscow 'appoints' a Nogai beg for the first time. Civil war among Nogais


Decline

1500-1850 Russian population expands southward and occupies forest-steppe and steppe. This is poorly documented.
1613-1643 Kalmyks, warlike Buddhist Mongols, move west from Dzungaria and occupy area from the Don to the Emba. Some eastern Nogais join Kazakhs and Karakalpaks. Others stay as Kalmyck subjects. Others cross the Volga southwest to the Kuban or west across Don, both groups becoming subjects of Crimea.
1619 Isterek Beg dies. Civil war. Status of Begship uncertain after this.
1633 last Crimean-Nogai raid to reach the Oka
1634 major defeat of Nogais by Kalmyks.
1643 Kalmyks pushed back from Astrakhan
1672 Kalmyks, Russians and Cossacks besiege Azov
1693 Kalmyks attack Nogais - as agent of Russia

1711 20474 Kalmycks and 4100 Russians attack Kuban. They kill 11460 Nogais, drown 5060 others and return with 2000 camels, 39200 horses, 190000 cattle, 220000 sheep and 22100 human captives, of whom only 700 were adult males. On the way home they meet and defeat a returning Nogai war party and free 2000 Russian captives.
1720s 15000 Nogai 'tents' flee Kalmycks for Kuban. Also other years. Also reverse movement.
1736-39 Russians temporarily hold Azov
1770 Yedisans ally with Russia, blocking land route from Balkans to Crimea
1771 Trans-Volga Kalmycks exodus back to Dzungaria
1772 many Crimean Nogais accept Russian protection.
1774 CRIMEA a Russian vassal.
1783 CRIMEA annexed by Russia, many Nogais move from lower Dnieper to Kuban

In the next 150 years, Black Sea grain ports assist massive southward expansion or Russian agriculture and population.
c1860 Several hundred thousand Muslims migrate from Russian to Ottoman empire.
19?? Nogai Raion in Daghestan
2002 Nogai population: 90,700
2007 Nogai Raion formed in Karachayevo-Cherkessia


Partial List of Begs and Mirzas

This is from Khodarkovsky (2004). Lists on Turkish, Russian and German wikis are slightly different. Some dates look odd. There is probably no good source.
TEMIR Beg 1480: at Ugra standoff, 1481: assassinated Ahmed Khan.
Musa Mirza (-1506) said to have 17 sons
MUSA Beg (same person?) * are his sons. Other sons: Kuchum Mirza
SHEIDIAK Beg* anti-Moscow. 1521: defeated Astrakhan Khanate 1551: near Urgench
MAMAY Beg* -1549. 1523 murdered Crimean khan. 1530s: near Yaik, then near Kazan.
YOSUF Beg* 1549-55 (on Yaik, anti-Moscow) circa 1535: near Kazan. 1549: helped Moscow against Kazan. 1551: near Yaik, broke with Moscow, claimed to have 300,000 horsemen and 8 sons. circa 1552: dissuaded from raid on Moscow. 1555: murdered by Araslan Mirza.
ISMAEL Beg* 1555-64 (on Volga, pro-Moscow) 1551: near Astrakhan. 1554: helped to take Astrakhan. 1555: sent 20,000 horses to Moscow 1555: Beg. 1556-57: Yosuf's sons (especially Yunus) seized his property. 1558: abandoned and starved, sent across Volga to buy food. 1560: tried to attack Crimea, blocked by Kazy Mirza
SÜÜNBIKE, daughter of Yosuf, widow of Kazan Khan, Moscow's captive
ARSLAN Mirza, son of Kuchum, killed Yosuf, Keikuvat under Ismael
KAZY Mirza -1577, son of Mamay. 1551: near Jaxartes. 1555: Nureddin under Ismael. circa 1557: broke with Ismael when Ismael appoints Tin Ahmed his successor. Fled to Kuban, founding Small Horde. 1577: killed in war with Kabardians
TIN AHMED Beg (1564-79) 1577 said to support raids on Moscow.(# are sons of Ismael)
URUS Beg (1579-90) 1581 with Crimean Tatars attacked Moscow's frontiers. Killed in battle against the Small Horde
UR MAMED Beg (1590-97)
TIN MAMED Beg (1597-1600)
ISTEREK Beg (1600-18) 1600: was installed by Russians at Astrakhan. 1613: was attacked by Kalmycks, fleed to Caucasus, then Azov Sea region. Swear allegiance to both Russians and Turks, then made alliance with Poland, and received ambassadors from Persia, refused to be vassal of Crimea. 1616: was attacked by Crimea, sought Russian protection at Astrakhan. 1618: died under questionable circumstances
KANAY Beg (1622-1634)


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[Boztorgai_Khan]

Circassian, Nogai Tatars and Kalmyks




Tatars



Nogai - HORDE



Nogai - Horde



Tatar




- RED ( Merchant ) GREEN ( Princess ) BLUE ( DIPLOMAT )



MOSTLY - TATAR's, KYPCHAK's and MONGOL's - HAIR STYLE and FACE..

[Boztorgai_Khan]

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Aristocrats were called mirza. The ruler of the Nogais was the Beg (not Khan since the rulers generally did not claim descent from Ghenghis Khan).

[Boztorgai_Khan]

ALL THE MOST PICTURES ARE FOR LOOK LIKE: THE FACE, HAIR, ETC...

[Salvo]

Amaizing info
REP++

Thank;s a lot, becouse now I know Tatar history much better

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Amaizing info
REP++

Thank;s a lot, becouse now I know Tatar history much better

Thank You.. Brother, That is Good. That Must it Too. I Think There is More People Don't Know the Tatars History, Tatars were the strong power too of the Mongol Empire.

[Salvo]

By saying Tatars I mean all Mongols.
In Poland name Tatars is used for all Monglos, although I know that they were just one of many tribes.
Anyway, thanks

[KLAssurbanipal]

Great my friend +REP

[Nurko_Bey]

Dear Friends,
I have a question for you....

one of my ancestors (from my mother' side) was kniaz nogajski Nurko (prince nogaj Nurko), founder of princely Kienski and Habilewicz houses....he moved to Lithuania at the end of 1400 and "Thuan-Baranowski" says that Nurko descended from Nogay Dynasty...but how can i prove it? is there any genealogical tree about Nogay Dynasty??

I would like to find out more notices about Nurko's family origin...
Thanks for your help!

Regards,
Stefani

[KLAssurbanipal]

BeztorgaiKhan is an expert about this. He will discuss with you about this fact

[Boztorgay Han]

Dear Friends,
I have a question for you....

one of my ancestors (from my mother' side) was kniaz nogajski Nurko (prince nogaj Nurko), founder of princely Kienski and Habilewicz houses....he moved to Lithuania at the end of 1400 and "Thuan-Baranowski" says that Nurko descended from Nogay Dynasty...but how can i prove it? is there any genealogical tree about Nogay Dynasty??

I would like to find out more notices about Nurko's family origin...
Thanks for your help!

Regards,
Stefani

Hi iam cousin of Boztorgai Khan,

I get my phone now and I call it Boztorgai Khan Right now maybe he can come today online on Forum and he can help you..

[Nurko_Bey]

Perfect!
I will waiting for your cousin
Thank you!

[Kdssow]

AAAAAAAAaaaaaaaaaargh, Tartarsauce!

[Boztorgay Han]

AAAAAAAAaaaaaaaaaargh, Tartarsauce!

Sorry for the Forum people: this post is special for this little guy.

Aandacht nodig kleintje ??? Zoek maar een leven voor je zelf. Als je problemen wil kom maar ik woon dicht bij Arnhem spreken we een keer af dan zal ik je Tartarsaus laten zien.

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Sorry for the Forum people: this post is special for this little guy.

Aandacht nodig kleintje ??? Zoek maar een leven voor je zelf. Als je problemen wil kom maar ik woon dicht bij Arnhem spreken we een keer af dan zal ik je Tartarsaus laten zien.

easy easy relax

[Boztorgai_Khan]

Perfect!
I will waiting for your cousin
Thank you!

I pm you..

[KLAssurbanipal]

You have family in forum