Please CA don't forget about Poland in Napoleon Total War. Although Poland wasn't an independent state it played an important part in the Napoleon's period.
I think this would be nice to (playing as France) have ability to recall Polish kingdom or recruit Polish soldiers.
From wikipedia
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In 1795, the Third and the last of three military partitions of Poland ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Nevertheless, hopes for restoration of Polish independence were kept alive throughout the nineteenth century by events within and without the Polish lands. Poland's location on the Northern European Lowlands became especially important in a period when its expansionist neighbors, the Kingdom of Prussia and Tsarist Russia, were intensely involved in European rivalries and alliances and modern nation-states took form over the entire continent.
At the turn of the 19th century, Europe had begun to feel the impact of momentous political and intellectual movements that, among their other effects, would keep the "Polish Question" on the agenda of international issues needing resolution. Most immediately, Napoleon Bonaparte had established a new empire in France in 1804 following that country's revolution. Napoleon's attempts to build and expand his empire kept Europe at war for the next decade and brought him into conflict with the same east European powers that had beleaguered Poland in the last decades of the previous century. An alliance of convenience was the natural result of this situation. Volunteer Polish legions attached themselves to Bonaparte's armies, hoping that in return the emperor would allow an independent Poland to reappear out of his conquests.
Although Napoleon promised more than he ever intended to deliver to the Polish cause, in 1807 he created a Duchy of Warsaw from Prussian territory that had been part of old Poland and was still inhabited by Poles. Basically a French puppet, the duchy did enjoy some degree of self-government, and many Poles believed that further Napoleonic victories would bring restoration of the entire commonwealth.
In 1809, under Jozef Poniatowski, nephew of Stanislaw II August, the duchy reclaimed some of the territories taken by Austria in the third partition. The Russian army occupied the duchy as it chased Napoleon out of Russia in 1813, however, and Polish expectations ended with the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. In the subsequent peace settlement of the Congress of Vienna, the victorious Austrians and Prussians swept away the Duchy of Warsaw and reconfirmed most of the terms of the final partition of Poland.
Although brief, the Napoleonic period occupies an important place in Polish history. Much of the legend and symbolism of modern Polish patriotism derives from this period, including the conviction that Polish independence is a necessary element of a just and legitimate European order. This conviction was simply expressed in a fighting slogan of the time, "for your freedom and ours." Moreover, the appearance of the Duchy of Warsaw so soon after the partitions proved that the seemingly final historical death sentence delivered in 1795 was not necessarily the end of the Polish nation-state. Instead, many observers came to believe that favourable circumstances would free Poland from foreign domination.
Józef Poniatowski Marshall of France
He was the only not French marshall durring all Empire. After 1812 Napoleon wanted to make him king of Poland.
He was good commander. Under Raszyn in 1809 he won with two times strongers Austrians (15 000 Poles vs. 30 000 Austrians), later he was also commanding Poles in 1812 and later in 1813. He died in Lipsk, while covering retireing Napoleons army.
From wkipedia
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Following Napoleon Bonaparte's victory at the Battle of Jena and the ensuing evacuation by Prussia of her Polish provinces, in November 1806 Poniatowski was asked by the Prussian king Frederick William III to assume the governorship of Warsaw, to which he agreed; he also assumed the command of the city's municipal guard and citizen militia forces organized by local residents. All of this turned out to be a short-lived Polish provisional authority, because quick succession of events on the European scene presented the Poles with new opportunities and forced upon them new choices.
At the end of that year Joachim Murat and his forces entered Warsaw and Poniatowski had to define his role within this new political reality. It took protracted negotiations with Murat (they liked each other and quickly became friends) and persuasion by Józef Wybicki (who urged the Prince to get on board, before the window of historic opportunity closes), but before the year was over Poniatowski was declared by Murat to be "chief of the military force" and was leading the military department on behalf of the French authorities. Dąbrowski, who was the choice of many Polish veterans of the Polish Legions and of the Insurrection, as well as Zajączek were bypassed, even though they both had served under Napoleon when Poniatowski was inactive. On January 14, 1807 by the Emperor's decree the Warsaw Governing Commission was created under Stanisław Małachowski, and within this structure Poniatowski became officially Director of the Department of War and set about organizing the Polish army.
In July 1807 the Duchy of Warsaw was created. In its government Poniatowski on October 7 became Minister of War and Head of Army of Warsaw County (minister wojny i naczelny wódz wojsk Ks. Warszawskiego), while Napoleon, not yet quite trusting him, left the supreme military command in Davout's hands until summer of 1808. Poniatowski officially became Commander in Chief on March 21, 1809.
The Minister of War became completely devoted to the creation and development of this new, ostentatiously Polish army. The Duchy's army existed and operated under most difficult circumstances and its success depended largely on the military and political skills of the chief commander. For example, it was severely underfunded and most of the military units were kept by Napoleon outside of the country, to be used in numerous campaigns, which is why Prince Józef had a rather small force at his disposal during the war of 1809.
In spring of 1809 Poniatowski led his army against an Austrian invasion under the Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este, in the war that was regarded by Austrian high command as a crucial element of their struggle with Napoleonic France. At the bloody Battle of Raszyn near Warsaw on April 19, where he personally led his men in an infantry bayonet charge (throughout his career he did a number of these), Polish forces under Poniatowski's command fought to a standstill an Austrian force twice their number. Afterwards however decided not to defend Warsaw and withdrew with his units to the east bank of the Vistula River, to the fortified Praga suburb, which the Austrians attacked, but were defeated at Grochowo on April 26. An Austrian division then crossed the Vistula again trying to pursue the Poles, but was routed on May 2 at Góra Kalwaria in a daring attack led by General Michał Sokolnicki. Ferdinand made a couple of attempts more, trying to establish a bridgehead on the other side of the Vistula, but those were defeated, which left the initiative in Poniatowski's hands. From there he quickly advanced south, staying close to the Vistula to control the situation and taking over large areas of Galicia, that is southern Poland that was controlled by Austria under the partitioning arrangement. On May 14 Lublin was taken, on the 18th fortified and vigorously defended Sandomierz. On the 20th the Zamość fortress was overpowered, where 2000 prisoners and 40 cannons were taken, and even further east Lvov was taken on May 27. These military developments compelled the Austrians to withdraw from Warsaw - a counteroffensive by their main force resulted in the retaking of Sandomierz on June 18.
But Poniatowski in the meantime moved west of the Vistula and on July 5, the day of the Battle of Wagram, began from Radom his new southbound offensive aimed at Kraków. He arrived there on July 15, and while the demoralized and not capable of effective defense Austrians tried to turn the city over to the Russians, Poniatowski at this point was not to be outmaneuvered or intimidated: Seeing a Russian hussar cavalry unit in attack formation blocking the street leading to the bridge on the Vistula, he rode his raised up horse into them, so that several flipped as they were falling.
Most of the liberated lands, with the exception of the Lvov region, became incorporated into the Duchy through the peace treaty of October 14, 1809. Prince Józef himself, celebrated by the residents of the old royal capital of Poland, remained in Kraków until the end of December, supervising the provisional Galician government in existence from June 2 to December 28. The Austrians kept demanding the return of Kraków and he felt that his presence there was the best assurance that the city remains in Polish hands.
[edit]
Napoleon's Russian campaign
Further information: French invasion of Russia
Józef Poniatowski
In April 1811 Poniatowski went to Paris, where he represented the king of Saxony and duke of Warsaw Frederick Augustus I at the baptism ceremonies of Napoleon's son. He stayed there for four months and worked with the Emperor and his generals on plans for the campaign against Russia. He tried to convince the French leaders that the southern route, through the current day Ukraine would provide the most benefits. Not only was the region warmer, Polish gentry from the Russian partition would join in, and possible Turkish action against Russia could be supported, which was the most advantageous theater for the upcoming war. Napoleon rejected the idea, as well as the back-up scenario, according to which Poniatowski would follow such a route alone with the Polish corps, hoping to take over these formerly Polish areas with the expected help from a Polish uprising planned there. For the Moscow expedition Poniatowski became commander of the part of the nearly 100,000 strong Polish forces (the greatest Polish military effort before the 20th century), namely the V Corps of the Grande Armée.
The initial period of the offensive, when Poniatowski was placed under the direction of Jérôme Bonaparte, was wasted, but after Napoleon's brother left Poniatowski was briefly put in charge of Grande Armée's right wing. Fighting on the avant-garde on the advance to Moscow he distinguished himself at a number of battles. On August 17 at Smolensk he personally led his corps' assault on the city. On September 7 at Borodino the V Corps was involved in the daylong fight over the Utitza Mound, which was finally taken toward the evening, stormed by the entire corps led by Prince Józef again. On September 14 the Polish soldiers were the first ones to enter the Russian capital; by that time however Poniatowski, unlike Napoleon, was convinced that the campaign was doomed. The Polish corps fought then the battles at Chirikovo on September 29 and Vinkovo on October 18, where Poniatowski saved Murat from a complete defeat by Kutuzov's forces.
Rearguarding the retreat of the Grande Armée, Poniatowski was badly injured during the Viazma battle on October 29. He continued in active service for a few days, but on November 3 his condition forced him to give up his command. He then continued the westbound trip in a carriage with two wounded aides. At the Berezina crossing they barely avoided being captured by the Russians, but finally on December 12 arrived in Warsaw.
[edit]
German Campaign (1813); death at Leipzig
Death of Poniatowski. Painting by January Suchodolski.
After the disastrous retreat of Napoleon's army, while recovering from his injuries, Poniatowski quickly undertook the rebuilding of the Polish army, to replace the forces almost completely devastated as the result of the Moscow campaign. When many Polish leaders began to waver in their allegiance to the French Emperor, Poniatowski resisted this sway of opinion and remained faithful to him, even as tsar Alexander I was offering him amnesty and proposed future cooperation. With the formation of this new army only partially completed, on February 5, as the Russian army was about to enter Warsaw, the Polish units moved out, not sure of their immediate purpose, but eventually they reached Kraków, where they stayed for a few weeks getting ready for their final trial. On May 7, as the Russians were getting close again, Prince Józef and his army left Kraków, to go through Bohemia, where, as the VIII Corps, they guarded the passes of the Bohemian mountains and defended the left bank of the Elbe River, to Saxony. The total forces with which he joined Napoleon during armistice numbered 22,000, which included a small, separately operating Dąbrowski's division.
The corps fought major successful battles at Löbau on September 9, and at Zedtlitz on October 10, where General Pahlen attempted to stop their movement toward Leipzig, but was defeated in a cavalry charge led by Poniatowski. On October 12 he was about to sit down with Murat at the breakfast table, when they were surprised by enemy units. Poniatowski got on his horse, broke through (received a superficial wound in the arm) and returning with another timely cavalry charge saved the situation.
As a reward for his brilliant services, on October 16 during the Battle of Leipzig, Poniatowski was made a Marshal of France and entrusted with the dangerous duty of covering the French Army's retreat. He heroically defended Leipzig, losing half his corps in the attempt, finally falling back slowly upon a bridge over the Weisse Elster River, near Leipzig. In the general confusion, the French blew up the bridge before he could reach it. Contesting every step with the overwhelming forces of his pursuers, Prince Józef refused to surrender, and covered with wounds plunged into the river. There he died, probably shot by French troops' friendly fire from the opposite bank of the Elster River.
Death
His remains were transported to Poland in 1817 and buried in the cathedral on Kraków's Wawel Hill, where he lies beside Tadeusz Kościuszko and Jan III Sobieski. In 1829 his monument by Bertel Thorvaldsen was placed in Warsaw. It went through a rather turbulent history and was destroyed during World War II, but a more recent copy is still standing before the presidential palace in Warsaw. Poniatowski's cult developed after his death - it was a Polish version of the Napoleon's legend. He never married and had illegitimate issue. Among his living relatives is Elena Poniatowska, a famous Mexican journalist.
Polish Legions
Napoleon liked Polish soldiers. Durring battle of Somosierra, when French couldn't defeat Spanish cannons he attacked it with Polish Uhlans. Later he said that both he and Poles don't know the fear. He aslo used to say that 800 Poles would equal 8000 enemy soldiers.
From wikipedia
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Polish Legions, during the Napoleonic Period, were collectively several Polish units serving in the French army from the 1790s to 1810s. After the third partition of Poland in 1795, many Poles believed that revolutionary France and its allies would come to the aid of Poland. France's enemies included Prussia, Austria and Imperial Russia, the partitioners of Poland. Therefore many Polish soldiers, officers and volunteers emigrated to other countries, especially Italy, which led to a popular name of Polish Legions in Italy, and France, where they joined local military forces.
The number of Polish recruits soon reached many thousands. With support from Napoleon Bonaparte, special Polish military units were created, to be commanded by Polish officers and with Polish military ranks. They became known as the Polish Legions and were considered to be a Polish army 'in exile' under command of France. Those units were commanded by Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, Karol Kniaziewicz, Józef Wybicki and Antoni Amilkar Kosiński, among others. Polish Legions serving alongside the French army during the Napoleonic Wars saw combat in most of Napoleon's campaigns, from the West Indies, through Italy and Egypt, to Russia.
Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, a former high-ranking officer in the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, began his work in 1796 - a year after the total destruction of the Commonwealth - when he was summoned to Paris by Napoleon Bonaparte. He was soon authorised by the French-allied Cisalpine Republic to create Polish legions, which would be part of the army of the newly created Republic of Lombardy. He was also authorised to sign an agreement with the new government of the Republic of Lombardy, where the Republic agreed to create a second legion.
Dąbrowski's Legions were first used against Austrians in Italy, where Poles who had a natural sympathy for people fighting for their own independence saw the Italian cause for independence as similar to that of their own. Early on, the Legions, numbering about 6,000 and including many Polish deserters from the Austrian army, proved to be a valuable military asset; in March 1797 they garrisoned Mantua, later they quelled peasant unrest in Rimini and retook Verona. In May 1798 the Poles helped the French to capture and later, garrison, Rome. Later they fought the anti-French forces from the Kingdom of Naples, defeating them at Magliano on 1 December and Civita Castellana at 4 December. Later, the Polish Legion would take Gaeta fortress.
In 1798, General Józef Zajączek organized the Second Polish Legion under the French. In 1799, Karol Kniaziewicz organized the Third Legion (the Danube Legion) to fight against the Austrians in Bavaria. The Poles could not choose all their fights. Their morale weakened when, instead of being sent against the partitioners of Poland, they were used by the French to put down uprisings (like that in the Papal States). Particularly during treaty negotiations between the French and Austrians, the French were finding the Polish issue to be a problem. It was then that the future Polish national anthem, Mazurek Dąbrowskiego, was created by Józef Wybicki, with words promising 'the return of the Polish army from Italy to Poland'.
During the War of the Second Coalition, the First Legion fought against the Russians at Trebbia (17 - 19 June 1799) where it acted as the rearguard of retreating French forces. Polish legionaries under General Dądrowski fought at Novi (15 July 1799), where Russian and Austrian armies defeated the French army. The Second Legion suffered heavily; particularly in the first battles on the Adige (26 March, 4 April 1799) - where it also acted as the rear guard to the retreating French. It also suffered in the battle of Mantua (April-July), when French commander Foissac-Latour decided to release Polish soldiers under general Wielhorski into Austrian custody as Austrians claimed them to be deserters[1]. Polish forces also fought in the battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December 1800.
According to the Treaty of Amiens's secret articles, France agreed to disband Polish legions. In 1802, France sent the legions (5,280 strong) to Haiti to put down the Haitian Revolution (on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, known then as French West Indies or St. Domingue. Napoleon wanted to regain the colony of Saint Domingue, but had no wish to deplete his main French army any more than he had to. Polish legions were accompanied by contingents of Germans and Swiss French allies, as well as by the less favoured units of Napoleon's French army.
Many Polish soldiers became sympathetic to the natives' cause. In Haiti it was (and still is) widely believed that Poles supported Jean-Jacques Dessalines in significant numbers, with entire units changing sides. The actual desertion rate was much lower (about 150 Polish soldiers joined the Haitian rebels). Combat casualties and tropical diseases (like yellow fever) reduced the 5,280 strong Legion to a few hundred survivors in the space of less than two years. By the time French forces retreated from the island in 1803, about 4,000 Poles were dead (either from disease or combat), about 400 remained on the island, a few dozen dispersed to the nearby islands or to the United States, and about 700 returned to France. Loss of that many patriotic army personnel was a serious blow to Polish aspirations for regaining independence. Further, the Haitian experience undermined the belief among Poles in France's good intentions toward Poland.
In 1806, what was left of the old Dąbrowski and Kniaziewicz's Legions was one infantry regiment and one cavalry regiment in the service of the Kingdom of Naples. Prussians created a 'Northern Legion' under General Zajączek. French armies, including the Legion units, defeated the Prussians in Saxony at the battle of Jena and Poles under Dąbrowski entered former Polish territories (near the city of Poznań), which resulted in the influx of recruits for the legion. A year later, Napoleon having defeated the Russian armies met with the Russian Tsar Alexander I at Tilsit and in the ensuing negotiations they agreed that a new, small Polish state under French control would be created.
This state was known as the Duchy of Warsaw and although it was much smaller than the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, made up only of some of the lands the defeated Prussians had taken in the partitions of Poland (it would be expanded in 1809 to include a portion of the territories seized in the partitions by Austria), its creation brought hope to many Poles - and more Polish volunteers flocked to the French banners. Despite Polish support and his own promises, Napoleon did not hurry with the re-establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The duchy was ruled by a French-allied King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony and was never allowed to develop as a truly independent state; Frederick Augustus' rule was subordinated to the requirements of the French raison d'état, who largely treated the state as a source of resources. The most important person in the duchy was in fact the French ambassador, based in the duchy's capital, Warsaw.
During the Peninsular War in Spain, Polish forces, rebuilt to an about 6,000 strong contingent and now known as the Vistula Legion [2] gained fame at the Battle of Zaragoza. Other troops served in Napoleon's Imperial Guard. The Polish Chevauleger regiment distinguished itself at the Battle of Somosierra (1808). Another Polish cavalry regiment - the Vistula uhlans- fought in Spain as well. They distinguished themselves many times there, e.g. at the Battle of Albuhera (1811) where they destroyed a British infantry brigade. Their valour in that conflict inspired the British to create the English lancers equipped with Polish-style uniforms and weapons.
Polish legions at San Domingo
In 1812 as Napoleon entered Russia the Poles and Lithuanians rebelled and rallied to Napoleon's Grande Armee in attacking Russia. The Poles and Lithuanians, flocking to his standard in the hope of resurrecting the Commonwealth, formed the largest non-French contingent, 98,000 strong (the entire French Grande Armee was about 600,000 strong). Polish Lancers of the Vistula Legion were the first to cross the Neman River into Russia, the first to enter Moscow, played a crucial part in the battle of Borodino and, under Prince Józef Poniatowski (who personally saved Napoleon's life), covered the disastrous French retreat, being the last out of Russia; 26,000 of the original 98,000 returned[3]. The elite Vistula Legion entering Russia was about 7,000 strong; its strength at the end of the campaign was 1,500.[4]
The end of the Polish Legions came with the end of Napoleon's career and the existence of the Duchy of Warsaw. The Duchy was occupied by Prussian and Russian troops following Napoleon's retreat from Russia. When Napoleon went into exile on Elba, the only guards he was allowed were the Polish Lancers. During the 1815 campaign (Napoleon's Hundred Days) 325 men under a Colonel Golaszewski appear to have been the last of the famous Vistula Legion to serve under Napoleon. Poles remained loyal to him until the bitter end, with Polish units holding their ground at his last battles (battle of Leipzig and battle of Waterloo). In 1815, when the Duchy of Warsaw was formally partitioned between Prussia and Russia at the Congress of Vienna, and Napoleon relieved of his honour guard, the Legions ceased to exist. Yet even today the memory of Napoleon's Polish Legions is strong, and Napoleon himself is often regarded in Poland as a hero and liberator
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Polish soldiers in Napoleon's army
Poles in battle of Somossiera




































