Sweden - Information & Discussion

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Adolf Ludvig Gustav Fredrik Albert Badin, né Couchi, known as Badin, (1747 or 1750 – 1822), was a Swedish court-servant and diarist, originally a slave, butler of first Queen Louisa Ulrika of Sweden and then Princess Sophia Albertine of Sweden. His original name was Couchi, but he was commonly known as Badin, which means mischief-maker or trickster. Badin was married twice but died childless; the rumors that he was the father of the alleged secret daughter of Sophia Albertina have never been confirmed. He married Elisabet Svart (d. 1798) in 1782 and Magdalena Eleonora Norell in 1799 Badin sometimes helped the court poet Bellman to compose verses for special occasions, and some of them were published in his name. Badin participated in plays at the French Theatre in Bollhuset; he is listed as a dancer in a ballet in the 1769-70 season and played the main part in Arlequin Sauvage in the 1770–71 season, a play in which a "savage" meets civilization, and an erotic play by Marivaux. A book from the library of Badin, with his name lettered in gilt on front cover Badin collected an extensive library consisting of some 900 volumes, mostly in French. It was sold in Stockholm in the year of his death 1822 with a printed catalogue. This makes him one of the first recorded book collectors of African origin. The social position of Badin was not quite clear; he was given several titles, such as chamberlain, court secretary, ballet master and official; he never used the title "official", which King Gustav gave him, and told him; "Have you ever seen a black official?", but preferred to call himself farmer, as he owned two farms. He was also elected to the orders of Par Bricole, Svea Orden, Timmermansorden and the Freemasons. He was described as an intelligent and reliable person with self-confidence, and though he was informed about many of the secrets of the royal family and the court, he never revealed anything, and was very loyal to the royal house throughout his entire life. His diaries, written in French, are preserved in the library of the Uppsala University. Badin is a character in the novel Morianen by Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe in 1838, where he was described as the participator in all the secrets and greater events of the royal family, from the revolution of 1772 to the deposition of 1809. Though this was exaggerated, it was nevertheless a more-or-less true image of him. HE IS DEFINITELY AN INTERESTING CHARACTER.

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Count Hans Axel von Fersen (4 September 1755 – 20 June 1810) was a Swedish count, Marshal of the Realm of Sweden (1801 - 1810), a Lieutenant General in the Royal Swedish Army, one of the Lords of the Realm, aide-de-camp to Rochambeau in the American Revolutionary War, diplomat and statesman, and a friend of Queen Marie-Antoinette of France. He died at the hands of a Stockholm lynch mob. YOU CAN READ HIS BIOGRAPHY AT WIKIPEDIA.

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I began the research of the ministers.

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Soon I will come up with a list of Swedish ministers

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Johan Ihre (3 March 1707 – 1 December 1780) was a Swedish philologist and historical linguist.

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Carl Gustaf Nordin (born 2 January 1749 in Stockholm, died 14 March 1812 in Härnösand) was a Swedish statesman, historian and ecclesiastic. When he was summoned to Stockholm in 1782 by Gustav III of Sweden to edit a Swedish Corpus diplomaticum, half an hour's private conversation with the young priest convinced Gustav that Nordin's proper place was in the political arena. While the bishop publicly defended the royal measures, Nordin became the king's private adviser. In politics Nordin was a royalist. To him, a parliament seemed little better than a mob. He was one of the king's secret managers during the troublesome and dangerous Riksdag of 1789, but advised caution and compared the estate of clergy, which at one time held the balance between the jarring orders, to ice which might be walked upon but could not be driven over. Nordin was appointed a member of an ecclesiastical commission for reforming the church in 1787, in which capacity he was virtually minister of public worship. In 1791–1792 he became a leading member of the financial and general committees of the Riksdag.
Riksdag of the Estates was the name used for the Estates of Sweden when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to the king. It was a Diet made up of the Four Estates, which historically were the lines of division in Swedish society: nobility, clergy burghers, peasant. APPARENTLY HE SERVED AS MINISTER OF FINANCE. I LEAVE IT TO THE TEAM TO DECIDE HIS APPEARANCE IN THE GAME( MINISTER( I RECOMMEND; BUT AS CANDIDATE ), BISHOP, SCHOOLAR( HE WAS A SCHOOLAR AND ONE OF THE ORIGINAL MEMBERS OF THE SWEDISH ACADEMY; A VERY VERSATILE CHARACTER INDEED... ).

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Olof Wallquist (1755, Edsberg, Närke – April 30, 1800, Norrköping) was a Swedish statesman and ecclesiastic. Thus at thirty-four Wallqvist had nothing more to hope for but the primacy, which would infallibly have been his also had the archbishop died during the king's lifetime. Wallqvist was, however, much more of a politician than a churchman. His knowledge of human nature, inexhaustible energy, dauntless self-confidence and diplomatic finesse made him indispensable to Gustavus III. His seductive manners too often won over those whom his commanding eloquence failed to convince.His political career began during the mutinous riksdag of 1786, when he came boldly forward as one of the royalist leaders. But it was at the stormy riksdag of 1789 that Wallqvist put forth all his powers. The retirement of the timid primate left him without an equal in the Estate of Clergy, and it was very largely due to his co-operation that the king was able to carry through the famous "Act of Unity and Security" which converted Sweden from a constitutional into a semi-absolute monarchy. At this memorable riksdag Wallqvist exhibited, moreover, financial ability of the highest order, and, as president of the ecclesiastical commission, assisted in balancing the budget and find the funds necessary for resuming the war with Russia( MINISTER OF WAR AS CANDIDATE ). During the brief riksdag of 1792, as a member of the secret committee, Wallqvist was at the very centre of affairs and rendered the king essential services. Indeed it may be safely said that Gustavus III, during the last six years of his reign, mainly depended upon Wallqvist and his clerical colleague, Carl Gustaf Nordin, who were patriotic enough to subordinate even their private enmity to the royal service. During the Reuterholm administration, Wallqvist, like the rest of the Gustavians, was kept remote from court. In 1800 he was recalled to the political arena. But his old rivalry with Nordin was resumed at the same time, and when the latter defeated a motion of the bishop's in the Estate of Clergy, at the diet of Norrköping, Wallqvist from sheer vexation had a stroke of apoplexy and died the same day.

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Baron Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein (25 October 1749 in Loddby, Sweden – 9 May 1802 in Poligny, Jura) was Chamberlain to Her Majesty Queen Sophia Magdalena. In 1783 he was appointed chargé d'affaires to the Court of France, and in 1785 he was named Ambassador to France. On 21 January 1786 he married the daughter of the French Minister of Finance Jacques Necker, mademoiselle Anne Louise Germaine Necker, who was to achieve fame as "Madame de Staël". HE CAN BE LISTED AS AN ENVOY.

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Carl Axel Wachtmeister (1754 - 1810) was the Swedish Lord High Steward or Lord High Justiciar (Swedish: Riksdrots)(1787 - 1809).
The title Lord High Steward was revived once more in 1787, when Gustav III gave Carl Axel Wachtmeister the title and put him in charge of all Swedish high courts. In 1809 the office was once again withdrawn when a new constitution was established in Sweden. The new office State Minister of Justice became the new head of the Swedish justice system. HE SHOULD BE PUT IN THE MIDDLE IN THE MINISTER PANEL AS HE WAS THE ATTORNEY PRIME MINISTER.

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Gustav Wachtmeister (25 July 1757 – 20 July 1826) was a Swedish Army officer made famous at the Battle of Valkeala in Finland in 1789 against Russia where he was wounded by a musket shot to his arm, which had to be amputated. He was made the hero of the hour by King Gustav III of Sweden who was in desperate need of publicity as he tried to silence domestic opposition with a crushing victory over Russia.

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Fredrik Sparre (2 Feb 1731 - 30 Jan 1803) was Swedish Lord High Chancellor/Chancellor of the Realm (Swedish: Rikskansler)(16 July 1792 - 14 Dec 1797).
He was stopped after studies and foreign travel in the office, where he was promoted to Deputy Director in 1773 and to hovkansler. 1781 Sparre was appointed to the Privy Council and simultaneously to the Governor of the Crown Prince (later King Gustav IV Adolf). In 1788 he was relieved at his own request from the latter position, but remained in the Council until its dissolution in 1789, after which he was appointed member of the Supreme Court. During the regency who took over after the assassination of King Gustav III was Sparre with the revived title of chancellor in 1792 at the head of the office and foreign affairs. In fact, he was a rather listlessly tool in the hands of Duke Karl almighty favorite of Gustav Adolf Reuterholm. Sparre's role during the regency exposed him to the unfavorable reviews, suffered its more prominent people in general. In fact, he was far better than his reputation. He was an upright, conscientious and industrious man, somewhat pedantic and tedious, but knowledgeable and experienced. However, he lacked NECESSARY independence and sharper review. His misfortune was that he was in higher positions than his ability to qualify( HIS TRAITS ). He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1779, and March 20 1786 Sparre became an honorary member of the Royal Institute of Letters, History and Antiquities. AS CHANCELLOR OF THE REALM HE WILL BE PLACED AS MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS (THE FIRST ONE FROM THE LEFT IN THE MINISTERS PANEL). I SUGGEST THE TEAM RENAMES THE MINISTERS POLICIES FOR BETTER HISTORICAL ACCURACY.

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Count Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna (19 July 1750 – 29 July 1818) was Swedish Marshal of the Realm (Swedish: Riksmarskalk)(1792 - 1800). He was succeeded by Count Axel von Fersen).

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Count Carl Bonde af Björnö (1741 - 1791) was Swedish Marshal of the Realm (Swedish: Riksmarskalk)(1788 - 1791). He was succeeded by Count Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna.

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Rosenblad Mathias (1758 – 1847) was State Secretary from 1794. In Sweden, a State Secretary (Swedish: Statssekreterare) is a political appointee, second in rank to the Minister (Swedish: Statsråd) in charge of the ministry. Unlike ministers, state secretaries are not members of the cabinet. Typically, there is one State Secretary assigned for each minister in the cabinet, and two for the Prime Minister. For historical reasons, the State Secretary in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs has another title (Swedish: Kabinettssekreterare, in English literally "Cabinet Secretary").

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Göran Gyllenstierna (1724 - 1799) was Swedish Marshal of the Realm (Swedish: Riksmarskalk)(1781 - 1788). He was succeeded by Count Carl Bonde af Björnö.

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Baron Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm (7 July 1756 in Sjundeå, Nyland, Sweden (now Finland)– 27 December 1813 in Schleswig) was the son of the Privy Council Esbjörn Kristian Reuterholm. Reuterholm had a considerable influence on Swedish politics during the time of Gustav IV Adolf who was legally incompetent, that is to say during the years 1792-1796. His influence was so great because he was familiar with Duke Charles, who was the guardian of the young king. The period is sometimes called "reuterholmska regimen". Reuterholm's regime began with the lifting of Gustav III's censorship, which was done through the 1792 press law. The regime, however, came increasingly to be characterized by a violent reaction against the Enlightenment and the French Revolution ideals.

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Axel Christian Reuterholm (1753 - 1811) became President of the State Treasury (Swedish: President i Statskontoret) in 1795. He was removed the next year.

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LORD HIGH TREASURER (SWEDISH: RIKSSKATTMÄSTARE):

Johan Liljencrantz (20 Aug 1730 - 22 Jan 1815) was Gustav III's "finance minister". In 1778 he was appointed president of the State Treasury and the rulers of the newly created Riksgäldsdirektionen (The Board of Administration of government debt from 1778 to 1789). At rådkammarens resolution, in 1789, he became president of the Board of Trade, in which position he remained until 1812. During his leave-taking, he was elevated to the position grevligt. He was commander of the North Star and became the Seraphim knights in 1809. Even then Liljencrantz ceased to be Secretary of State, he was often consulted in financial matters, especially during the difficult monetary conditions in the early 1800s. Since 1767 was Liljencrantz member of the Academy of Sciences.

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Carl Eric Lagerheim (28 July 1742 - 21 Dec 1813) was appointed president of the State Treasury in 1805.

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Carl Fredrik Mennander (sometimes modernised as Karl Fredrik Mennander, often just C.F. Mennander) (July 19, 1712, Stockholm – May 22, 1786) was Bishop of Turku, Finland, from 1757 to 1775 and then Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1775 to his death.

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Uno von Troil (24 February 1746 in Stockholm - 1803) was the Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala 1786-1803. He was the son of Samuel Troilius, who had also been archbishop.

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