Pre-1919
Organised British fascism is rooted in the mix of social Darwinism, eugenics and Scientific racism that were prevalent around the First World War. This revealed itself through various patriotic and racist groups that were formed, such as the British Brother League (BBL).
The BBL claimed that Jewish immigrants competed with British workers by accepting lower wages and were responsible for overcrowding and the creation of slums in the cities.
1919-1930
The first active fascists appeared after World War One. The most notable of these was the British Fascists (BF) founded in 1923 by Rotha Lintorn-Orman and her mother.
Its ideas of imperial unity were complemented with organised military ranks. Some of its divisions were trained in jujitsu and unarmed combat. Ideological differences caused the group to splinter and finally wind up.
1931-1933
In the early 30's a central personality was emerging from British Fascism, Sir Oswald Mosley. Mosley left the Labour Party and in 1931 formed the 'New Party.' The party supported a gang of thugs, "Mosley's Biff Boys".
The New Party's successor, the British Union of Fascists (BUF) was an attempt to unify all British fascist groups. The previous decades military style had been inherited and included a 'Blackshirt' uniform.
1934-1935
Hitler's rise to power created an anti-fascist movement in Britain. This was despite some advantageous publicity from Lord Rothermere, who's Daily Mail headline proclaimed "Hurrah for the Blackshirts" in January 1934.
British Fascism became unpopular and membership numbers fell. This was exacerbated by the withdrawal of financial backing from Mussolini, which had been received for the previous two years.
1936-1940
A greatly reduced BUF embarked on smaller localised campaigns concentrating on areas like Lancashire's textile towns and the East end of London.
The East end was the setting for The Battle of Cable Street on the 4th October 1936. Anti-fascist protestors numbering 250,000 faced 7000 BUF members in the streets of the biggest immigrant population in the country. The BUF were forced to call off the march.
Links between the Nazi Party and the anti-Semitic BUF were suspected. Hitler attended Mosley's second marriage. It seems likely that the BUF received German funding but even so the party closed down in 1940 following a number of arrests.
1940 - 1949
Members of the British Union of Fascists were divided over the war. Some put patriotism before ideology and joined the war effort against Hitler. Others remained committed to their ideas. Several of these, including BUF leader Oswald Mosley, were interned under Defence Regulation 18b.
The war saw millions of people, principally Jews, murdered in the Nazi concentration camps in a programme known as The Final Solution.
The memory of the Holocaust damaged the political fortunes of post-war nazis. To overcome this it became important for future far right leaders, such as John Tyndall and Nick Griffin, to argue to their supporters that it never happened.
After 1945 there was a revival in fascist thought and a wave of violence broke out aimed at the Jewish community. Many fascist parties encouraged these attacks and riots.
Mosley began to consider the potential of media propaganda and published various material including "Mosley's Newsletter". The largest fascist party was the British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women, which held weekly meetings.
Mosley announced in November 1947 that he would form a new political party, the Union Movement. But the following year he left England for Ireland as the new party was not going as planned.
1950 - 1958
Power shifted from Mosley to the "League of Empire Loyalists" (LEL). The political face of this party hid the violent background of some of its leaders. Among them was John Tyndall and for him the LEL was a step towards a new purified fascist ideology. The riots of 1958, often call the Notting Hill Riots, saw the public emergence of the two active groups in the area, "The White Defence League" (WDL) and the " National Labour Party" (NLP.)
The situation was aggravated by the murder of Kelso Cochrane, a young black worker. Despite the fact that fascists openly boasted of the murder, no-one was arrested.
1959 - 1962
The White Defence League and National Labour Party united to form the British National Party (BNP). The party, not to be confused with the modern day BNP, was a neo-Fascist party active between 1959 and 1962. Andrew Fountaine, Colin Jordan and John Edward Bean were elected President, National Organiser and Deputy. They were the former leaders of the newly merged parties.
The BNP was opposed to democracy, "decisions by head-counting", and wished to see it replaced by a "Racial Nationalist Folk-State" which concentrated on National Socialism and had been implemented by Adolf Hitler.
Propaganda expanded to include other immigrant populations including the Blacks, Cypriot, Maltese and Irish. It was necessary to repatriate all coloured immigrants and send all Jews either to Israel or, when it was full, Madagascar. This would prevent Britain "degenerating into a mongrel race."
The BNP attracted as many as 200 recruits.
Jordan's obsession with military-style training began to worry Bean and Fountaine who tried to oust him. They left, taking the organisation's name, its journal Combat and most of its members.
On 20 April 1962, the anniversary of Hitler's birthday, Jordan launched the National Socialist Movement with John Tyndall as National Organiser.
In 1962 Jordan and Tyndall were sent to prison for organising a paramilitary group.