The Zetas were originally members of the Mexican Army’s elite Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales, trained in locating and apprehending drug cartel members. It is believed that they were originally trained at the military School of the Americas in the United States.[6][7] Also, they were trained by foreign specialists, including Americans, French, and Israelis, in rapid deployment, aerial assaults, marksmanship, ambushes, small-group tactics, intelligence collection, counter-surveillance techniques, prisoner rescues and sophisticated communications.
In the late 1990s, the drug Gulf Cartel leader Osiel Cardenas Guillen, began to recruit GAFE members to provide protection and perform other vital functions. His top recruit, Lieutenant Arturo Guzmán Decena, brought with him approximately 30 other deserters enticed by salaries substantially higher than those paid by the Mexican government.
Zeta training locations have been identified as containing the same items and setup as GAFE training facilities, it is also further believed the group employs the same internal organizational structure. Current estimates place Los Zetas around 200 members strong, which includes several rogue Kaibil Guatemalan forces. The name "Zeta" comes from the Federal Preventive Police radio code for high-ranking officers.[2][3][4]
Some of the original members are: [8] Arturo Guzmán Decena, Rogelio González Pizaña, Heriberto Lazcano, Jaime González Durán, Efraín Teodoro Torres, Raúl Hernandez Barrón, Óscar Guerrero Silva, Luís Alberto Guerrero Reyes, Jesús Enrique Rejón, Mateo Díaz López, Jorge López, Daniel Peréz Rojas, Sergio Enrique Ruiz Tlapanco, Nabor Vargas García, Ernesto Zatarín Beliz, Eduardo Estrada González, Flavio Méndez Santiago, Prisciliano Ibarra Yepis, Rogelio Guerra Ramírez, Miguel Ángel Soto Parra, Galindo Mellado Cruz, Gonzalo Ceresano Escribano and Daniel Enrique Márquez Aguilar.
After the military killed Guzmán Decenas on November 2002 and captured his second-in-command, Rogelio González Pizaña, on October 2004, ex-GAFE Heriberto "The Executioner" Lazcano ascended to the leadership of the paramilitaries.