Critics such as
Ralph Nader have suggested that, because of the private nature of the funding of some think tanks, their results are biased to a varying degree. Some argue that members will be inclined to promote or publish only those results which ensure the continued flow of funds from private donors.
Some critics[
who?] go further to assert think tanks are little more than propaganda tools for promoting the ideological arguments of whatever group established them. They charge that most think tanks, which are usually headquartered in state or national seats of
government, exist merely for large-scale
lobbying to form opinion in favor of special private interests. They give examples such as organizations calling themselves think tanks having hosted lunches for politicians to present research that critics claim is merely in the political interest of major global interests such as
Microsoft, but that the connections to these interests are never disclosed. They charge, as another example, that the
RAND Corporation issues research reports on
national missile defense that accelerate investment into the very military products being produced by the military manufacturers who control RAND. Critics[
who?] assert that the status of most think-tanks as
non-profit and
tax exempt makes them an even more efficient tool to put
special interest money to work. The
Discovery Institute has generated a great deal of controversy by injecting the controversial concept of
intelligent design into public debate.
[4][5][6]
In some cases, corporate interests have found it useful to create "think tanks" that are thinly disguised vehicles for corporate propaganda. For example,
The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition was formed in the mid 1990s to dispute research finding a link between second-hand smoke and cancer.
[7] According to an internal memo from Philip Morris, "the credibility of the EPA
[Environmental Protection Agency] is defeatable, but not on the basis of ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) alone. It must be part of a larger mosaic that concentrates all the EPA's enemies against it at one time."
[8]