Job: Civil War Research

[DimeBagHo]

CaesarVincens has an almost finished civil war provincial campaign, that will start around the time that Caesar crossed the Rubicon. Most of what needs to be done is the addition of family members and starting armies. This thread is for collecting information about historical leaders that took part on each side of the civil war, and the historical disposition of military forces.

For family members the sort of information that would be useful is: Name, age, office, traits or ancillaries that might be appropriate, names for wife and any children who were also significant leaders, and location at the start of the conflict.

[LucretiusTC]

Here are some key figures and background information when the Roman Civil War started in 49 BCE.

POPULARES:

Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44; age 51); here is a story about the legion with which he crossed the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_XIII_Gemina

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (63 BCE- 14 CE; age 14); was adopted by his great uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BC,

Marcus Antonius (83-30; age 34); he proved to be a competent military leader in the Gallic Wars, but his personality caused instability wherever he went. Mark Antony and Caesar were said to be best of friends as well as being relatively close relatives. Antony made himself ever available to assist Caesar in carrying out his military campaigns. When Caesar crossed the Rubicon, Antony left Rome and joined Caesar and his armies at Ariminium. At the time Marcus Antonius was just elected a tribune for the next term of office. When Caesar became dictator for a second time, Antony was made Master of the Horse, the dictator's right hand man, and in this capacity he remained in Italy as the peninsula's administrator in 47 BC, while Caesar was fighting the last Pompeians in Africa.

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (90-13; age 41); he was among Julius Caesar's greatest supporters. He started his cursus honorum as a praetor in 49 BC, was placed in charge of Rome while Caesar defeated Pompey in Spain, and was rewarded with the consulship in 46 BC after the defeat of the Pompeians in the East. When in February 44 BC Caesar was elected dictator for life by the senate, he made Lepidus "Master of the Horse", effectively deputy in the dictatorship.

Gaius Scribonius Curio (90-49; age 41); during his term as tribune in 50 BC, he became a supporter of Caesar. Before the Civil War, Curio was one of the last politicians to call on Pompey and Caesar to make peace. Curio was praetor in 49 BC. While fighting under Caesar, he was sent to Africa to stop King Juba I of Numidia (a supporter of Pompey). Although he won the Battle of Utica (49 BC), he was eventually defeated by Juba, along with aid from Attius Varus, at the Second Battle of the Bagradas River and fought to his death, along with his army, rather than attempting to flee to his camp.

OPTIMATES

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (106-48; age 57)

Gnaeus Pompeius (75-45; age 26) was the elder son of Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) by his third wife, Mucia Tertia. He was also known as Pompey the Younger.

Sextus Pompeius (67-35; age 18) was the youngest son of Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) by his third wife, Mucia Tertia.

Metellus Scipio (100-46; age 51); In 49 BC he was sent as Proconsul to Syria and the following year he took part in the great Battle of Pharsalus, where he commanded the centre of the Republican battle line. After Pharsalus he fled to Africa where he commanded an army with Cato the Younger, losing in the Battle of Thapsus. He was the father in law of Pompey the Great, married to his daughter Cornelia Scipio, called Quinta Pompeia for being his fifth wife.

Titus Labienus (100-45; age 51); Labienus acted as Caesar’s second in command during his campaign in Gaul and was the only legatus mentioned by name in Caesar’s writings about his first campaign. Labienus could be considered a military genius, rivaling Caesar himself in tactical command. In 51 BC, Caesar made Labienus governor of Cisalpine Gaul. He believed that he was better than his rank and an equal to Caesar. Caesar however did not give him independent command nor gave him any prospects of consulship. He became resentful of this lack of recognition and developed a deep hatred towards Caesar. Before Caesar took Rome, Labienus left him in Gaul and joined Pompey. He was rapturously welcomed on the Pompeian side, bringing 3,700 Gallic and German cavalry with him. Pompey made Labienus commander of the cavalry.

Marcus Junius Brutus (85–42 BC; age 43); from his first appearance in the Senate, Brutus aligned with the Optimates against the First Triumvirate of Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Gaius Julius Caesar. When the Roman Civil War broke out in 49 BC between Pompey and Caesar, Brutus followed his old enemy and present leader of the Optimates, Pompey. After the disaster of the battle of Pharsalus, Brutus wrote to Caesar with apologies and Caesar immediately forgave him. Caesar accepted him into his inner circle and made him governor of Gaul when he left for Africa in pursuit of Cato and Metellus Scipio. In 45 BC, Caesar nominated Brutus to serve as urban praetor for the following year.

Gaius Cassius Longinus (85-42; age 43); His first office was as quaestor under Marcus Licinius Crassus in 53 BC, and he proved himself to have a capable military mind. On his return to Rome two years later, the outbreak of the civil war between Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus saved Cassius from being brought to trial by his enemies for extortion in Syria. Cassius was elected tribune of the Plebs in 49 BC, and threw in his lot with the Optimates, fleeing Italy as Caesar crossed the Rubicon. He met Pompey in Greece, and was made commander of his fleet. In 48 BC, Cassius sailed his ships to Sicily where he attacked and burned a large part of Caesar's navy. News of Pompey's defeat at the Battle of Pharsalus caused Cassius to head for Hellespont, with hopes of allying with its king, Pharnaces II.

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Luc.

[DimeBagHo]

Thanks LucretiusTC.

One thing we will have to figure out is how to handle names. RTW only supports two per character - given name, and family name or cognomen. Cognominia (like 'Magnus') replace the family name.

In some cases we could give extra names to starting characters by using special cognominia. For example, with Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus we could have 'Gnaeus' as given name, 'Pompeius' as family name, and 'Pompeius Magnus' as cognomen. His name would show up in-game as given name + cognomen: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, while his sons would still have the correct family name of Pompeius.

[CaesarVincens]

Plus, we can leave off some names if need be. After all, both Pompey and Caesar were not usually know by their praenomen in addition to their other nomines.

[DimeBagHo]

Plus, we can leave off some names if need be. After all, both Pompey and Caesar were not usually know by their praenomen in addition to their other nomines.

Julius (given) Caesar (family) is probably good enough for Caesar. For Pompey we could have Pompeius (given) Pompeius (family) Magnus (cognomen), so his name would show up as Pompeius Magnus, but the family name for his sons would still work out OK.

[LucretiusTC]

About those names, maybe Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ( = Augustus) could be Caesar Octavianus? After all he got the name "Augustus" relatively late.

Here are some information that might be useful for starting armies. These legions were levied by Julius Caesar and later included Octavian´s army:

Legio I Germanica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_I_Germanica
Legio III Gallica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_III_Gallica
Legio IV Macedonica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_IV_Macedonica
Legio V Alaudae
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_V_Alaudae
Legio VI Ferrata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_VI_Ferrata
Legio VII Claudia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_VII_Claudia
Legio VIII Augusta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_VIII_Augusta
Legio X Equestris
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_X_Equestris
Legio XIII Gemina
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_XIII_Gemina

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...blican_legions

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Luc.

[LucretiusTC]

Here are some new names for the Roman Civil War campaign.

OPTIMATES:

Marcus Porcius Catō Uticensis (95 BC–46 BC; age 49); known as Cato the Younger (Cato Minor) to distinguish him from his great-grandfather (Cato the Elder), was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy. He is remembered for his legendary stubbornness and tenacity (especially in his lengthy conflict with Gaius Julius Caesar), as well as his immunity to bribes, his moral integrity, and his famous distaste for the ubiquitous corruption of the period. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cato_the_Younger

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul 54 BC, was an enemy of Julius Caesar and a strong supporter of the aristocratical party in ancient Rome. Ahenobarbus was a man of great energy of character; he remained firm to his political principles, but was unscrupulous in the means he employed to maintain them. The senate appointed him to succeed Caesar as governor of the province of further Gaul, and on the march of the latter into Italy in 49 BC, he was the only one of the aristocratic party who showed any energy or courage. He threw himself into Corfinium with about twenty cohorts, expecting to be supported by Pompey; but as the latter did nothing to assist him, he was compelled by his own troops to surrender to Caesar… Ahenobarbus' feelings against Caesar remained unaltered, but he was too deeply offended by the conduct of Pompey to join him immediately. He retired for a short time to Cosa in Etruria, and afterwards sailed to Massilia, which he defended against Caesar. He prosecuted the war vigorously against Caesar; but the town was eventually taken, and Ahenobarbus escaped in a vessel, which was the only one that got off. Ahenobarbus now went to Pompey in Thessaly, and proposed that after the war all senators should be brought to trial that had remained neutral in it. Cicero, whom he branded as a coward, was not a little afraid of him. He was killed just after the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, in which he commanded the left wing against Publius Sulla. He was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC), and the father of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32 BC).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_54_BC)


POPULARES:

Publius Cornelius Sulla (d. 45 BC) was a politician of the late Roman Republic. He was the nephew of Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix. He was elected consul in 66 BC (to assume office in 65 BC) together with Publius Autronius, but both were discovered to have committed bribery and were disqualified from the office. He was soon after implicated in the Catiline conspiracy, but was not convicted, having Marcus Tullius Cicero and Quintus Hortensius leading his defence. He is remembered most notably for having commanded the right wing of Julius Caesar's army at the battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Sulla

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Luc.

[LucretiusTC]

Here are some new possible names for the Roman Civil War Campaign:

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POPULARES:

Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus was a Roman general, senator and consul (both in 53 BC and 40 BC) who was a loyal partisan of Caesar and Octavianus. Domitius Calvinus came from a noble family and was elected consul in 53 BC, despite a notorious electoral scandal. He was on Caesar’s side during the Civil War with Pompey. At the decisive battle of Pharsalus he commanded the centre of Caesar’s army. After the battle he became governor of Asia. He tried to oppose the invasion of Pharnaces, the king of Bosphorus, who had taken the occasion of the Roman civil war to invade the province of Pontus; however he suffered a crushing defeat at the battle of Nicopolis in Armenia (December of 48 BC). Direct intervention by Caesar brought a quick end to the conflict, and Pharnaces’ army was annihilated at Zela in 47 BC. Despite this failure, he remained a trusted friend of Caesar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitius_Calvinus

Quintus Fufius Calenus (d. 40 BC), was a Roman general, and consul in 47 BC. He fought in Gaul (51 BC) and Spain (49 BC) under Julius Caesar, who, after he had crossed over to Greece (48 BC), sent Calenus from Epirus to bring over the rest of the troops from Italy. On the passage to Italy, most of the ships were captured by Bibulus and Calenus himself escaped with difficulty. In 47 BC, he was raised to the consulship through the influence of Caesar. After the death of the dictator, he joined Mark Antony, for whom he commanded eleven legions in the north of Italy. Calenus died in 40 BC, while stationed with his army at the foot of the Alps, just as he was on the point of marching against Octavian; but Calenus' son handed over the legions to the future emperor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintus_Fufius_Calenus

Some minor characters (populares)

Servius Sulpicius Rufus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servius_Sulpicius_Rufus

Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Servilius_Vatia_Isauricus_(consul_48_BCE)

OPTIMATES:

Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus was the son in law of Marcus Porcius Cato Uticencis. In 59 BC he was elected consul, supported by the optimates, conservative republicans in the Senate and opponents of Julius Caesar's triumvirate. In 48 BC he allied with Pompey against Caesar, commanding Pompey's navy in the Adriatic. He captured Caesar's fleet, leaving Caesar stranded in Epirus, although this was a small feat as Caesar went on to defeat Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus. Bibulus died later in 48 BC.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Calpurnius_Bibulus

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Luc.

[CaesarVincens]

Thanks a ton, Lucretius.

[LucretiusTC]

Here a couple of promising new names for Generals:

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OPTIMATES:

Lucius Afranius (d. 46 BC)was a loyal legatus and client of Pompey the Great. He served with Pompey during his Iberian campaigns against Sertorius in the late 70's, and remained in his service right through to the Civil War. Despite public knowledge and disapproval of this, Afranius was elected consul in 60 BC, his colleague being Metellus Celer. During this year, his actions showed a lack of understanding and ability in the management of the civil matters demanded by the office.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Afranius_(consul)

Marcus Petreius (110-46 BC) from 55 BC, Petreius and Lucius Afranius administered the Spanish provinces as Legates, while the official governor Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus remained in Rome. After the outbreak of the Civil War in 49 BC, Petreius and Afranius marched against Caesar, who for his part wished to secure Spain before moving against Pompey in Greece. Therefore Caesar attacked and defeated Afrainius and Petrieus during his Illerda campaign in 49 B.C. On that campaign, Caesar took six legions along with 3,000 cavalry from his Gallic campaigns and 900 horsemen kept as his personal bodyguard. The casualty count for the Romans was 70 deaths while the Pompeians lost 200 and had 600 wounded.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Petreius


POPULARES:

Gaius Trebonius (d. 43 BC) was a military commander and politician of the late Roman Republic, a trusted associate of Julius Caesar who later participated in his assassination. He spent five years as a legatus to Caesar, who reported well of him, during his campaigns in Gaul. He accompanied Caesar during his second expedition to Britain in 54 BC. In 49, Trebonius commanded at the siege of Massilia.
Elected praetor in 48, he was sent to Spain in 47 to fight against Pompey's forces, but was unsuccessful. Caesar appointed him suffect consul in 45, but even then it was said that Trebonius plotted against him, and in the assassination of the following March, Trebonius was the person who kept Mark Antony outside the Senate while Caesar was being stabbed. Trebonius was proconsul for Asia in 43; while at Smyrna, he was murdered in an act of treachery by Publius Cornelius Dolabella. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Trebonius

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I think we should emphazise the role of forced marches that are longer and faster than usual marches in this campaign. Besides those Caesar´s veteran legions from Gallic wars should be very hard to beat...


Luc.

[LucretiusTC]

Here are some historical characters who held the power when the Roman civil war broke out in 49 BCE. Mainly non-Roman leaders.

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ROMAN OPTIMATES
Publius Attius Varus (d. March 17, 45 BC) was the Roman governor of Africa during the Civil War that broke out after Gaius Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon. He declared war against Caesar, and initially fought and defeated Gaius Scribonius Curio, who was sent against him in 49 BC. After the battle of Pharsalus, the remaining Republicans fled to Africa to continue the struggle and Varus was forced to resign the supreme command to the more senior Metellus Scipio. In the following campaign Varus commanded the republican fleet and after the Republicans' defeat at Thapsus, Varus fled to Spain.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Attius_Varus

NUMIDIA
Juba I (c. 85 BC-46 BC, reigned 60 BC-46 BC), King of Numidia and Pompey´s ally. With the arrival of Caesar in Africa, Juba originally planned to support the Republicans, but his kingdom was invaded by west by Caesar's ally Bocchus II and an Italian adventurer, Publius Sittius.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia

MAURETANIA
Bocchus II (reigned 49-33 BCE), King of Mauretania; During the African war he invaded Numidia and conquered Cirta, the capital of the kingdom of Juba, who was thus obliged to abandon the idea of joining Metellus Scipio against Caesar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocchus_II

MAURETANIA
Bogud, was joint king of Mauretania with his elder brother Bocchus II, with Bocchus ruling east of the Mulucha River and his brother west. Both kings backed the Roman general Julius Caesar in his struggle against the supporters of Pompey the Great in Africa (49–45), and, on Caesar's victory at Thapsus in 46, Bocchus was given control of much of Numidia taken from Juba. After Caesar had been assassinated in 44, the two Mauretanian rulers took opposite sides in the split that developed in the Caesarian forces. Bogud supported Mark Antony, while Bocchus stood by Octavian (later the emperor Augustus).

DACIA
Burebista (reigned 82-44 BCE), is widely considered to be the greatest king of Dacia. In 48 BC, Burebista sided with Pompey during his struggle against Julius Caesar in the Roman civil war. After Caesar emerged as victor, he planned on sending legions to punish Burebista, but he was assassinated in the Senate before he could do so, on March 15 44 BC. Burebista died the same year, but whether he was assassinated in a court plot or his death had natural causes is a matter that remains uncertain.

PONTIC AND BOSPORAN KINGDOMS
Pharnaces II (lived 97-47 BC) was the son of the great Mithridates VI of Pontus, a famed enemy of the Roman Republic. Pompey granted Pharnaces the Bosporan Kingdom, and named him friend and ally of Rome. When the Roman Civil War broke out in 49 BCE, Pharnaces decided to seize the opportunity and, with the forces under his disposal and against little opposition, made himself the ruler of Colchis and Lesser Armenia. Deiotarus, the king of Lesser Armenia appealed to Domitius Calvinus, the lieutenant of Caesar in Asia, for support, and soon the Roman forces sought battle with Pharnaces. They met at Nicopolis in Armenia, Pharnaces defeated the small and green Roman army and overran Pontus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zela

Asander (lived 110-17 BCE) started his political and military career as a general under King of the Pontus and Bosporus, Pharnaces II of Pontus. Asander married Pharnaces’s daughter and granddaughter of King Mithridates VI of Pontus, Dynamis. Dynamis and Asander had a son and only child Aspurgus. In 47 BC, Asander revolted against Pharnaces, who had appointed him as regent of the Bosporan Kingdom, during the war against General of the Roman Republic Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus. He hoped by deserting and betraying his father-in-law, Asander would win favour with Romans and they could help him become Bosporan King. However Pharnaces was defeated by the Romans and Pharnaces fled and took refuge from the Romans with his supporters. Asander found Pharnaces and put Pharnaces and his supporters to death. Asander became Bosporan King and was able to retain the throne until, Dictator Julius Caesar commanded Mithridates of Pergamon, to declare war on the Bosporan Kingdom and claim the kingship for himself. Asander was defeated by Caesar’s ally; however after Caesar’s death in 44 BC, the Bosporan Kingdom was restored to Asander by Caesar’s great nephew and heir Octavian (future Roman Emperor Augustus).

PARTHIAN EMPIRE
Orodes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 57 to 38 BC. Orodes was a son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his brother Mithridates. He married a Greek Princess from the Kingdom of Commagene, called Laodice. During the Roman Republican civil wars the Parthians sided first with Pompey and then with Brutus and then with Cassius, but took no action until 40 BC, when Pacorus, assisted by the Roman deserter Quintus Labienus conquered a great part of Syria and Asia Minor, but was defeated and killed by Ventidius in 38 BC. Orodes, who was deeply afflicted by the death of his gallant son, appointed his son Phraates IV successor, but was soon afterwards killed by him.

Pacorus I of Parthia (died 38 BC) was the son of king Orodes II and queen Laodice of the Parthian Empire. Following the defeat of the Roman general Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, Pacorus launched an invasion of Syria in 51 BC, briefly conquering the Roman territory before being driven out by Cassius. Pacorus invaded Syria again in 40 BC in alliance with the Roman rebel Quintus Labienus.

Phraates IV of Parthia, son of Orodes II, ruled the Parthian Empire from 37–2 BC. He was appointed successor to the throne in 37 BC, after the death of his brother Pacorus I. He soon murdered his father and all his thirty brothers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phraates_IV_of_Parthia

ARMENIA
Artavasdes II ruled Armenia from 53 to 34 BC. He succeeded his father, Tigranes the Great. Artavasdes was an ally of Rome, but when Orodes II of Parthia invaded Armenia following his victory over the Roman general Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, he was forced to join the Parthians. He gave his sister in marriage to Orodes' son and heir Pacorus. In 36 BC the Roman general Mark Antony invaded Armenia and Artavasdes again switched sides, but abandoned the Romans once they had left Armenia to conquer Media Atropatene. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artavasdes_II_of_Armenia

PTOLEMAIC EMPIRE
Cleopatra VII Philopator (lived 69-30 BCE, ruled 51-30 BCE).

Ptolemaios XIII Theos Philopator (lived 62-47 BCE, ruled 51-47 BCE); succeeded his father in the spring of 51 BC as co-ruler of Egypt by his marriage to his older sister Cleopatra VII.

Ptolemaios XIV (lived 60-44 BCE, ruled 47-44 BCE); following the death of his older brother Ptolemy XIII of Egypt on January 13, 47 BC, he was proclaimed Pharaoh and co-ruler by their older sister and remaining Pharaoh, Cleopatra VII of Egypt.

Pothinus (d. 47 BCE)a eunuch, was regent for Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt. He is most remembered for turning Ptolemy against his sister and co-ruler Cleopatra VII, thus starting a civil war, and for having Pompey decapitated and presenting the severed head to Julius Caesar.

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Luc.

[Webba]

It just occurred to me that Cleopatra would be better as an ancillary rather then a general. IIRC she never led any armies and since the Egyptian civil war is probably best represented by a hostile Egypt (before the player gets there) and a conquered Egypt (after the player gets there) Cleopatra would fit into the project well as an ancillary that is received, preferably only by Ceaser if that's possible, when he conquers Alexandria. She could 'increase the chance of having children'

edit: It's a little bit of a shame that the Alexander feature for unique characters couldn't be utilised in this campaign. Maybe an Alex.exe version?

[CaesarVincens]

We could use some traits to simulate unique characters in descr_strat.

[Webba]

Sounds like a good method to me! The reason I mentioned it though was because iirc the Alex feature makes those characters immortal as far as old age goes. Which means you could do exactly what the Alex campaign did which is have a time limit by which the win conditions need to be fulfilled and the requirement that Ceaser doesn't die in that time.

[DimeBagHo]

I've restarted work on this Civil War campaign, starting from CV's previous work. At the very least there will be a beta version in the next release, but I still need to work out starting characters and armies.

[stormer]

About the Three names, can you check how the Cognomen mod works then Implement it here?

[CaesarVincens]

Some names just have two parts, that's all.

[DimeBagHo]

Here's the current map for the Caesar vs Pompey Roman civil war campaign.



The campaign is working, but still needs a lot of refinement in terms of stack placement, characters, and buildings. I am planning to make Caesar's faction the only playable faction for this campaign. Pompey's side would be too easy. If there is enough interest in this campaign I might do another one later which would be Brutus vs Octavian.

[Roman Warlord]

That looks awsome!

Are you going to use the Macadon, Greek, TSE slots for anything?

[DimeBagHo]

Macedon, TSE, and Carthage were all gone by 49 BC. The GCS will be plaing the role of the Bosporan Kingdom (though I was tempted to use Pontus instead). The IGCS will represent a few of the other remaining independent Greek powers.