Ake Karlsson is chairman of the Swedish Small Farmers Association and has a 150ha arable and woodland farm at Noordkoping, some 130 kilometres south of Stockholm. Ake and his family are proud of their farm - and especially his herd of beef cattle. But his favorite animals are two cows kept over from his dairy herd , which was sold , along with so many others, in the mid 1990's, due to falling milk prices and the high costs placed on dairy farms by EU hygiene and sanitary controls.
Ake is deeply saddened by the fate of the small farmer under the hands of an EU bureaucracy which pays 80% of its subsidies to 20% of the farmers - the largest ones - and leaves the rest to fight over the crumbs.
A short drive from his farm is Hakan Thornell who is equally outspoken about the Common Agricultural Policy. Hakan has 130ha of land comprising both grassland and forestry. A few years ago he applied for EU support for his grassland area, but was refused the money when he cut the grass instead of letting it grow rank. Hakan says that both he and his colleagues were better off financially and more independent before Sweden joined the EU. In order to ensure that visitors understand his feelings he has erected a sign at the entrance to his farm which declares: "EU Free Zone". He is also pleased to show us a chicken house which is a glass reproduction of the European Parliament's headquarters, complete with cock and hens.
Ake explains that since a subsidy was introduced which pays landowners to do nothing with their grass meadows ( i.e. take them out of agricultural production) significant areas of farmland have been bought-up by wealthy town's people who then collect the subsidies without making any commitment to the upkeep and management of the farm. Observing the passing farmland as we drive up the motorway, it is apparent how field after field is devoid of any farming activity and how a course grass is the only visible crop.
The next day we are taken to see a small scale goat farm. Here Katarina Ogren looks after 45 goats which she milks twice a day, making a selection of cheeses from each batch of milk. The cheese is then sold to specialist shops, restaurants and the recently opened 'farmers market' in Stockholm. It is a highly committed way of life and one which demands a very professional approach. Katarina applied for an EU subsidy to help build-up the farm, but found that the demands of the paperwork were very hard and that the financial returns were lower than the costs which she had to pay to an advisor whose help she needed. At one point 7 controllers came on the same day to inspect the farm and quiz Katarina over hygiene and sanitary controls. Now she is trying to withdraw from the system altogether, recognising that she has more to loose than to gain through trying to aquire EU support.