Arab citizens of Israel are those Arab residents of Mandatory Palestine, who remained within Israel's borders following the
1948 Arab-Israeli War, and the establishment of the state of Israel. It is including those born within the state borders subsequent to this time, as well as those who had left during the establishment of the state (or their descendants), who have since re-entered by means accepted as lawful residence by the Israeli state (primarily family reunifications).
In 2006, the official number of Arab residents in Israel was 1,413,500 people, about 20 percent of Israel’s population. This figure includes 209,000 Arabs (14% of the Israeli Arab population) in East Jerusalem, also counted in the Palestinian statistics, although 98 percent of East Jerusalem Palestinians have either Israeli residency or Israeli citizenship.
[28]
Arab Muslims
Most Arab citizens of Israel are Muslim, particularly of the
Sunni branch of Islam. A small minority are Ahmadiyya sect and there are also some Alawites (affiliated with Shia Islam) of
Ghajar with Israeli citizenship. As of 2008, Arab citizens of Israel comprised just over 20 percent of the country's total population. About 82.6 percent of the Arab population in Israel was Sunni Muslim (with a very small minority of Shia), another 9 percent was Druze, and around 9 percent was Christian (mostly
Eastern Orthodox and Catholic denominations).
Bedouin
Main article:
Negev Bedouin
The Arab Muslim citizens of Israel include also the Bedouins, who are divided into two main groups: the Bedouin in the north of Israel, who live in villages and towns for the most part, and the Bedouin in the
Negev, who include half-nomadic and inhabitants of towns and
Unrecognized villages. According to the
Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as of 1999, 110,000
Bedouins live in the Negev, 50,000 in the Galilee and 10,000 in the central region of Israel.
[29] The vast majority of Arab Bedouins of Israel practice Sunni Islam.
Ahmadiyya
The
Ahmadiyya community was first established in the region in the 1920s, in what was then
Mandatory Palestine. Israel is the only country in the Middle East, where Ahmadi Muslims can openly practice their faith, which is not recognized as part of Islam by most Sunni and Shi'a denominations. As such,
Kababir, a neighbourhood on
Mount Carmel in
Haifa, Israel, acts as the Middle East headquarters of the Community.
[30][31] It is unknown how many Israeli Ahmadis there are, although it is estimated there are about 2,200 Ahmadis in Kababir alone.
[32]
Arab Christians
There is a significant
Arab Christian minority from various
denominations, numbering 122,000 — a majority of Christians in Israel.
Copts
Some 1,000 Israeli citizens belong to the
Coptic community, originated in Egypt.
Druze
Main article:
Israeli Druze
The Arab citizens of Israel include also the
Druze who were numbered at an estimated 129,800 at the end of 2011.
[33] All of the
Druze living in what was then
British Mandate Palestine became Israeli citizens after the declaration of the State of Israel. Though a few individuals identify themselves as "Palestinian Druze",
[34] the vast majority of Druze do not consider themselves to be 'Palestinian', and consider their Israeli identity stronger than their Arab identity. Druze serve prominently in the
Israel Defense Forces, and are represented in mainstream Israeli politics and business as well, unlike Muslim Arabs who are not required to and generally choose not to serve in the Israeli army.