It's too broad, and seems to diverge into Sun Tzu territory.
If you're presented with a battlefield, like Warhammer or Total War, it's a combination of knowing your opponent, his choice of army, his preferences within that, and his temperament, plus a grasp of what he thinks of you, your choices and your preferences.
Chances are you can't manoeuvre and both sides have near perfect knowledge and control of what's going on.