Legio quarta Macedonica (
Fourth Macedonian Legion), was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar in 48 BC with Italian legionaries. The legion was disbanded in 70 by Emperor Vespasian. The legion symbols were a bull (as with all of Caesar's legions) and a Capricorn.
Legio quarta Flavia Felix, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 70 by the emperor Vespasian from the ashes of the Legio IV Macedonica. The legion was active in Moesia Superior in the first half of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a lion.
Legio quarta Scythica (
Fourth Scythian Legion) was a Roman legion levied by Mark Antony around 42 BC, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence its other
cognomen,
Parthica. The legion was still active in Syria in the early 5th century. The legion's symbol was a Capricorn.
MARIAN -MACEDONIA - AUGUSTAN MACEDONIA – IMPERIAL FLAVIA FELIX - IMPERIAL SCYTHICA
LEGIO V ALAUDAE - LEGIO V MACEDONIA
Legio quinta Alaudae (
Fifth Larks Legion) sometimes known as
Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls. Their emblem was an elephant, and their cognomen
Alaudae came from the high crest on their helmets, typical of the Gauls, which made them look like larks. The French word "Alouette" is a direct descendant of "Alauda", itself not a proper Latin noun, but a loan word from Gaulish, possibly the first reason for the legionary name.
Legio quinta Macedonica (
Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Octavian in 43 BC, and it was stationed in Moesia at least until 5th century. Its symbol was the bull, but the eagle was used as well. The
cognomen Macedonica comes from the fact that the legion was stationed in Macedonia for a significant period of its existence.[
MARIAN ALAUDAE - AUGUSTAN ALAUDAE - AGUSTAN MACEDONIA – IMPERIAL ALAUDAE - IMPERIAL MACEDONIA
LEGIO VII CLUADIA PIA FIDELIS
Legio septima Claudia was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Its emblem, like that of all Caesar's legions, was the bull, together with the lion. The Seventh, the Sixth, the Eighth and the Ninth were all founded by Pompey in Spain in 65 BC. With the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth legions, the Seventh was among the oldest units in the imperial Roman army. They were ordered to Cisalpine Gaul around 58 BC by Julius Caesar, and marched with him throughout the entire Gallic Wars. The Roman commander mentions the Seventh in his account of the battle against the Nervians, and it seems that it was employed during the expedition through western Gaul led by Caesar's deputy Crassus. In 56, the Seventh was present during the Venetic campaign. During the crisis caused by Vercingetorix, it fought in the neighborhood of Lutetia; it must have been active at Alesia and it was certainly involved in the mopping-up operations among the Bellovaci.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO VIII AUGUSTA
Legio octava Augusta was a legion of the Imperial Roman army originally founded by Pompey in 65 BC, along with the 6th, 7th & 9th, and continuing in service to Rome for at least 400 years thereafter.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
Legio Nona Hispana (
Ninth Spanish Legion) was a Roman legion which operated from the 1st century BC until mid-2nd century AD. The legion's fate is unknown but has been the subject of considerable interest and research. It was based in York in 108. The theory that it was destroyed in action north of Hadrian's Wall around 117 was popularized by a 1954 novel but was somewhat discredited when tile stamps later found in Nijmegen show that the legion was still based there between 121 and 130. Dio Cassius records that a legion was destroyed in Armenia by the Parthians in 161; it was possibly the Ninth Legion. In any event, the Ninth does not appear in a list of legions compiled in 165.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO X EQUESTRIS - LEGIO X GEMINA - LEGIO X FRETENSIS
Legio X Equestris (Latin: "Tenth legion 'mounted'" -
Equestris), a Roman legion, was levied by Julius Caesar in 61 BC when he was the Governor of Hispania Ulterior. The Tenth was the first legion levied personally by Caesar, and was consistently his most trusted. The name
Equestris was applied after Caesar mounted legionaries from the Tenth on horses as a ruse in a parley with the German King Ariovistus in 58 BC because he did not trust his Gallic cavalry auxiliaries from the Aedui tribe. Legio X was famous in its day
[1] and throughout history, because of its portrayal in Caesar's Commentaries and the prominent role the Tenth played in his Gallic campaigns.
[2] Its soldiers were discharged in 45 BC. Its remnants were reconstituted, fought for Mark Antony and Octavian, disbanded, and later merged into X
Gemina.
[3]
Legio decima Gemina (
Tenth Twin Legion), was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X
Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the legion was called
X Equestris (
mounted), because Caesar once used the legionaries as cavalry.
Legio X Fretensis ("Tenth legion
of the sea strait") was a Roman legion levied by Augustus Caesar in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of civil war that started the dissolution of the Roman Republic. X
Fretensis is then recorded to have existed at least until the 410s. X
Fretensis symbols were the bull — the holy animal of the goddess Venus (mythical ancestor of the gens Julia) — a ship (probably a reference to the Battles of Naulochus and/or Actium), the god Neptune, and a boar. The symbol of Taurus may also mean that it was organized between 20 April and 20 May.
MARIAN EQUESTRIS - AUGUSTAN GEMINA - AUGUSTAN FRETENSIS - IMPERIAL GEMINA - IMPERIAL FRETENSIS
LEGIO XI CLAUDIA PIA FIDELIS
Legio undecima Claudia (
Eleventh Claudian legion) was a Roman legion. XI
Claudia dates back to the two legions (the other was the XIIth) recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum (modern Silistra, Bulgaria). The emblem of this legion is not recorded; it could have been, as well as of all Caesar's legions, the bull, possibly the she-wolf lactating the twins.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XII VICTRIX/FULMINATA
Legio duodecima Fulminata (
Twelfth Legion, armed with lightning), also known as
Paterna,
Victrix,
Antiqua,
Certa Constans, and
Galliena, was a Roman legion, levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and which accompanied him during the Gallic wars until 49 BC. The unit was still guarding the Euphrates River crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century. The legion's emblem was a thunderbolt (
fulmen). In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the
Legio Fulminatrix, the
Thundering Legion.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XIII GEMINA
Legio tertia decima Gemina (
Thirteenth Twin Legion) was one of the most prominent Roman legions. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he famously crossed the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the fifth century. Its symbol was the lion.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XIIII GEMINA
Legio quarta decima Gemina (
Fourteenth Twin Legion) was a legion of the Roman Empire, levied by Julius Caesar in 57 B.C. The
cognomen Gemina (
twin in Latin) suggests that the legion resulted from fusion of two previous ones, one of them being the Fourteenth legion that fought in the Battle of Alesia, the other being the Martia (Martian) legion. The cognomen
Victrix (victorious) was added by Augustus following their service in the Pannonian War c. A.D. 9. The emblem of the legion was the Capricorn,
[1] as with many of the legions levied by Caesar.,
[1] or the crossed thunderbolts of Jupiter.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
Legio quinta decima Apollinaris (
Fifteenth Apollonian Legion) was a Roman legion. It was recruited by Octavian in 41/40 BC. The emblem of this legion was probably a picture of Apollo, or of one of his holy animals.
XV
Apollinaris is sometimes confused with two other legions with the same number: An earlier unit which was commanded by Julius Caesar and met its end in North Africa in 49 BC, and a later unit that was present at the Battle of Philippi on the side of the Second Triumvirate and then sent east.
MARIAN - AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XVI - GALLICA/FLAVIA FIRMA
Legio sexta decima Flavia Firma (
Sixteenth Steadfast Flavian Legion) was a Roman legion. The legion was created by Emperor Vespasian in 70, with the remains of the XVI
Gallica (which had surrendered in the Batavian rebellion), and still existed in the 4th century, when it guarded the Euphrates border camped in Sura (Syria). The emblem of the legion was a Pegasus,
[1] in earlier science a lion was assumed
AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XVII
Legio septima decima (
Seventeenth Legion) was a Roman legion levied by Augustus around 41 BC. The legion was destroyed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (September 9, 9). The legion's symbol and
cognomen are unknown.
This legion was probably created to deal with Sextus Pompey, the last opponent of the second triumvirate, garrisoned in Sicily and threatening Rome's grain supply.
Following the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra in the battle of Actium (31 BC), the legion was stationed in Gaul. In the end of the 1st century BC, the Seventeenth was sent to the Germania provinces in the Rhine and was stationed in Castra Vetera (Xanten). In AD 5, the provinces were pacified and Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned governor and commander of the Germania army.
On September 9, Arminius, leader of the Cheruscan allies, reported a rebellion in the Rhine area. Without suspecting the information received, Varus took his three legions, the XVII along with XVIII and XIX, and headed west. On 9 September, near modern Osnabrück, the Cheruscii led by Arminius ambushed the governor's army. All three legions were destroyed in what is known as the battle of the Teutoburg Forest and their eagle standards lost.
After its destruction, the Romans never used this legion number again.
AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XVIII
Legio duodevigesima (
Eighteenth Legion, spelled
XVIII or
XIIX) was a Roman legion levied by the future Augustus around 41 BC. The legion was, along with two others, destroyed in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest (September 9, 9). The legion's symbol and
cognomen are unknown.
AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XVIIII
Legio undevigesima (
Nineteenth Legion) was a Roman legion levied (drafted into military service) in 41 or 40 BC by Augustus. It was destroyed in 9 AD in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. The emblem of the XIXth legion is unknown, but probably was the Capricorn like other legions levied by Augustus.
AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XX VALERIA VICTRIX
Legio vigesima Valeria Victrix (
Twentieth Victorious Valerian Legion) was a Roman legion, probably raised by Augustus some time after 31 BC. It served in Hispania, Illyricum, and Germania before participating in the invasion of Britannia in 43 AD. It remained active in the province until at least the beginning of the 4th century. The legion, which had a boar as its emblem, was based at the fortress of Deva Victrix, which is now the present-day city of Chester.
Valeria in east-central Europe was a part of Illyricum when the legion was stationed there. The legion won its title from victories in this region while campaigning in the Marcomannic Wars. (Later, in the year 296, Valeria became a separate Province.)
AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XXI RAPAX
Legio vigesima prima rapax (Latin for "Twenty-first
Predator legion") was a Roman legion levied in 31 BC by Augustus, probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. The XXI
Rapax was destroyed in 92 by the Sarmatians. The symbol of the legion is thought to have been a capricorn.
AUGUSTAN - IMPERIAL
LEGIO XXII DEIOTARIANA - LEGIO XXII PRIMIGENIA
Legio vigesima secunda Deiotariana (
Twenty-second Deiotaran Legion) was a Roman legion, levied approximately in 48 BC and disbanded during the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–135. Its cognomen comes from Deiotarus, a Celtic king, and its emblem is unknown, but could be a Galatian symbol.
Legio XXII Primigenia (Latin for "Twenty-second legion
Primigenia", dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Primigenia) was a Roman legion levied by Roman Emperor Caligula in 39, for his campaigns in Germania. There are still records of the XXII
Primigenia in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) from the end of 3rd century. The legion's symbols were a Capricorn and the demigod Hercules.
AUGUSTAN DEIOTARIANA- IMPERIAL DEIOTARIANA - IMPERIAL PRIMIGENIA
NEW - ROMAN LEGIONS - 2.0
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