[RESEARCH] Iberians
Turdetani Areas of Recruitment:
- Kartuba
- Gades
"The Turdetani are the most civilized of the Iberians : they know to write and possess books, and also poems and a code of laws that they consider older than seven thousand years ..." (Strabo, Geography, III, 1, 6)
Strabo III.2.4 on the economy or wealth of the Turdetani:"But these Bastetani which I have just narrated, too, are under the dominion of Turdetania, and so the Bastetani over river Anas, and most of their neighbors." (Strabo, Geography III, 2, 11)Spoiler Alert, click show to read:Turdetania itself is marvellously blessed by nature; and while it produces all things, and likewise great quantities of them, these blessings are doubled by the facilities of exportation; for its surplus products are bartered off with ease because of the large number of the merchant vessels. This is made possible by the rivers, and by the estuaries as well, which, as I have said,24 resemble rivers, and, like rivers, are navigable inland from the sea, not only for small boats but also for large ones, to the cities of the interior. For the whole country beyond the seaboard that lies between the Sacred Cape and the Pillars is a plain for a considerable distance inland. And here, at a large number of places, are inlets which run up from the sea into the interior, resembling moderate-sized ravines or simply river-beds, and extending for many stadia; and these inlets are filled by the overflows of the sea at the flood-tides, so that one can sail inland thereon as readily as on the rivers — 143in fact, better, for it is like sailing down the rivers, not only because there is no opposing current, but because, on account of the flood-tide, the sea wafts you onwards just as the river-current does. And the overflows are greater on this coast than in the other regions, because the sea, coming from the great ocean, is compressed into the narrow strait which Maurusia forms with Iberia, there meets resistance, and then easily rushes to those parts of the land that yield to it. Now, while a number of the inlets of this kind are emptied at the ebb-tides (though some of them do not become wholly dry), yet a number of them enclose islands p29within themselves. Such, then, are the estuaries between the Sacred Cape and the Pillars, for they have an excessive rise of tide as compared with those in the other regions. A rise of tide like this affords a certain advantage to be utilised by sailors, namely, the estuaries are made more numerous and larger, oftentimes being navigable even for a distance of eight25 stadia; so that, after a fashion, it renders the whole country navigable and convenient both for exporting and importing merchandise. And yet it also affords a certain annoyance; for, on account of the vehemence of the flood-tides, which press with superior force against the current of the rivers, navigation on the rivers is attended by no small danger to the vessels, alike in their descent and ascent. But in the case of the estuaries the ebb-tides too are harmful; for the ebb-tides too grow violent in proportion to the strength of the flood-tides, and on account of their swiftness have oftentimes even left the ship stranded on dry land. Again, the cattle which cross over to the islands that lie off the rivers or the estuaries have at times actually been engulfed; at other times they have merely been cut off, and in their struggle to get back to the land lacked the strength to do so, and perished. But the cows, they say, are by observation actually aware of what happens, wait for the retirement of the sea, and then make off for the mainland.
...
There are exported from Turdetania large quantities of grain and wine, and also olive oil, not only in large quantities, but also of best quality. And further, wax, honey, and pitch are exported from there, and large quantities of kermes,27 and ruddle28 which is not inferior to the Sinopian earth. And they build up their ships there out of native timber; and they have salt quarries in their country, and not a few streams of salt water; and not unimportant, either, is the fish-salting industry that is carried on, not only from this county,º but also from the rest of the seaboard outside the Pillars; and the product is not inferior to that of the Pontus. Formerly much cloth came from Turdetania, but now, wool, rather of the raven-black sort.29 And it is surpassingly beautiful; at all events, the rams are bought for breeding purposes at a talent apiece. Surpassing, too, are the delicate fabrics which are woven by the people of Salacia.30 Turdetania also has a great abundance of cattle of all kinds, and of game.
But as for Turdetania and the territory adjoining it, there is no worthy word of praise left to him who wishes to praise their excellence in this respect. Up to the present moment, in fact, neither gold, nor silver, nor yet copper, nor iron, has been found anywhere in the world, in a natural state, either in such quantity or of such good quality. And the gold is not only mined, but is also washed down; that is, the gold-bearing sand is carried down by the rivers and the torrents, although it is often found in p41the waterless districts also; but in these districts it cannot be seen...whereas in the flooded districts the gold-dust glitters. Besides, they flood the waterless districts by conducting water thither, and thus they make the gold-dust glitter; and they also get the gold out by digging pits, and by inventing other means for washing the sand; and the so-called "gold-washeries" are now more numerous than the gold mines
They build the silver-smelting furnaces with high chimneys, so that the gas from the ore may be carried high into the air; for it is heavy and deadly. Some of the copper-mines are called gold-mines, and from this fact it is inferred that in former times gold was mined from them.
Not very far from Castalo is also the mountain in which the Baetis is said to rise; it is called "Silver Mountain" on account of the silver-mines that are in it. According to Polybius, however, both this river and the Anas, though distant from each other as much as nine hundred stadia, rise in Celtiberia; for, as a result of their growth in power, the Celtiberians caused the whole neighbouring country to have the same name as their own.
Turdetanian Light Caetrati (Click for pictoral example):
Bastetani Light Caetrati/Skirmishers:
- Dirty white/brownish wool tunics, mixture.
- Distinctive Turdetani leather/sinew neck 'helmets.' Some without head gear.
- Caetra/ox-hide buckler shields.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Daggers and short straight swords
Turdetanian Caetrati (Click for pictoral example):
- White tunics. Some with red trims.
- Distinctive Turdetani leather/sinew neck 'helmets' as well as leather (some bronze coated) helmets seen in this image..
- Caetra/ox-hide buckler shields.
- Some with linothoraxes. Pictoral evidence.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Some with simple iron short swords, roughly 25 inches long with a double-edged blade.
- Some with falcattas.
Turdetanian Scutarii (Reform unit after First Punic War):
- White tunics. Some with red trims.
- Distinctive Turdetani leather/sinew neck 'helmets' as well as leather (some bronze coated) helmets seen in this image.. Some with Montefortino helmets missing the cheek plates.
- Suctum or ovular shields-big, fat and flat shields with a metal spin down the center and a central metal boss and rim.
- A good portion with linothoraxes. Pictoral evidence.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Some with simple iron short swords, roughly 25 inches long with a double-edged blade.
- Some with falcattas.
Turdetanian Caetrati Cavalry:
- White tunics with red and purple trims.
- Distinctive Turdetani leather/sinew neck 'helmets' as well as leather (some bronze coated) helmets seen in this image..
- Caetra/ox-hide buckler shields.
- Most with linothoraxes, but some without. Pictoral evidence.
- Spears
- Some with simple iron short swords, roughly 25 inches long with a double-edged blade.
- Some with falcattas.
Turdetanian Scutarii Cavalry:
- White tunics with red and purple trims.
- Distinctive Turdetani leather/sinew neck 'helmets' as well as leather (some bronze coated) helmets seen in this image.. Montefortino types used sparingly with the cheek guards missing.
- Two shield types-large wooden aspis sized shields and Iberian scutums as seen in Miri82's cavalry.
- Most with linothoraxes, but some without. Pictoral evidence.
- Spears
- Some with simple iron short swords, roughly 25 inches long with a double-edged blade.
- Some with falcattas.
Bastetani Areas of Recruitment:
- Gades
- Kartuba
- Nova Carthago
The Bastetani were a Southeastern tribe (corresponds to region of Nova Carthago in game) which, according to Strabo, had been subjugated by the Turdetani. There area is home to many of the Falcatta finds. Outside their falcattas, they are rather typical of Iberians in general. They used lighter caetrati until the second half of the third century when they adopted ovular shields (based on depictions of Edetani, Cessetani, and Turdetani - I think it's safe to include them).
The introduction of the ovular scutum-esque shields into Southern Ibera seems to correspond (based on arhaeological evidence and depictions) with the the Barcid subjugation of Spain.
Bastetani Light Caetrati/Skirmishers:
- Dirty white/brownish wool tunics, mixture.
- Some with leather type helmets as seen in this link, some without helmets.
- Caetra/ox-hide buckler shields.
- 1 Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Daggers and short straight swords
Strabo III, Bastetani women dressing in black, Turdetani exported black wools:
But in Bastetania women too dance promiscuously with men, taking hold of their hands. All the men dress in black, for the most part in coarse cloaks, in which they sleep, on their beds of litter. And they use waxen vessels, just as the Celts do. The women wear dresses and embroidered garments. Instead of money, those who dwell far in the interior exchange merchandise, or give pieces of silver cut off from plates of that metal. Those condemned to death are executed by stoning; parricides are put to death without the frontiers or the cities. They marry according to the customs of the Greeks.
Bastetani Caetrati:
- Black wool tunics such as worn by the guy on the left in this picture (Per Strabo, who stated it was the color worn by the men). Example 2-Click this link to see another example, only ignore the mail armor.
- Leather type helmets such as worn by this guy. Similar helmets covered in bronze. Leather helmets such as worn by these two dudes.
- Caetra/ox-hide buckler shields.
- Circular pectoral plates held by straps in four directions as commonly depicted and seen in this picture.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Falcattas
Bastetani Scutarii (Reform prior to Second Punic War timeframe):
- Black wool tunics such as worn by the guy on the left in this picture (Per Strabo, who stated it was the color worn by the men). Example 2-Click this link to see another example, only ignore the mail armor.
- Leather type helmets such as worn by this guy. Similar helmets covered in bronze. Other helmets of this type with a strap down across the cheeks and chin to hold it on. Some Montefortino type helmets thrown in sparingly without cheek guards. Some units with black, white and red plumes.
- Suctum or ovular shields-big, fat and flat shields with a metal spin down the center and a central metal boss and rim.
- Some with circular pectoral plates held by straps in four directions as commonly depicted and seen in this picture.
- Some with linothoraxes.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Falcattas
Good example of what the cavalry units should look like:Caetrati Cavalry:Spoiler Alert, click show to read:
- Black wool tunics such as worn by the guy on the left in this picture (Per Strabo, who stated it was the color worn by the men). Example 2-Click this link to see another example, only ignore the mail armor.
- Other helmets of this type with a strap down across the cheeks and chin to hold it on. Some with leather helmets of these varieties. Plumes more frequent than in infantry units.
- Caetra/ox-hide buckler shields.
- Some with circular pectoral plates held by straps in four directions as commonly depicted and seen in this picture.
- Some with linothoraxes.
- Spears
- Falcattas
Scutari Cavalry:
- Black wool tunics such as worn by the guy on the left in this picture (Per Strabo, who stated it was the color worn by the men). Example 2-Click this link to see another example, only ignore the mail armor.
- Other helmets of this type with a strap down across the cheeks and chin to hold it on. Some with leather helmets of these varieties. Plumes more frequent than in infantry units.
- Two shield types-large wooden aspis sized shields and Iberian scutums as seen in Miri82's cavalry.
- Some with circular pectoral plates held by straps in four directions as commonly depicted and seen in this picture.
- Some with linothoraxes.
- Spears
- Falcattas
Lusitanians Areas of Recruitment:
- Olisipo
The Lusitanians, per Strabo and Pliny (35-47 tribes), consisted of dozens of tribes in the region near the Tagus river that combined into a loose confederacy that united at times of war or emergencies (such as during the Carthaginian and Roman incursions). The sources emphasize that they were typically lightly armed, but fierce and happy to lay ambushes. The stereotype most people have of Iberian warfare largely comes from these people. We have relatively detailed decriptions of their equipment from several sources.
Strabo tells us that when they wore their hair long, but went "into battle they bind their hair about the forehead." Click this link to see an example of the bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
Diodorus tells us they were the most valiant of the Iberians, that they carried tough small circular shields (Caetra's), that they used the typical Iberian javelins, and that they had adopted certain equipment from the Celtiberians (helmets and swords). We also get a glimpse of their martial culture as he documents that they held combat competitions between their troops in full gear.
Diodorus 5.34:Strabo elaborates further. They liked to lay ambushes, mentions the same Caetra's and "butcher's" knives. They had linen cuirsses (linothoraxes) and some used chain mail (more Celtiberian influence. He also mentions the javelins, and that some used spears with bronze heads.Spoiler Alert, click show to read:The most valiant among the Iberians are those who are known as Lusitanians, who carry in war very small shields which are interwoven with cords of sinew and are able to protect the body unusually well, because they are so tough; and shifting this shield easily as they do in their fighting, now here, now there, they cleverly ward off from their person every blow which comes at them. 5 They also use barbed javelins made entirely of iron, and wear helmets and swords very much like those of the Celtiberians. They hurl the javelin with good effect, even over a long distance, and, in fine, are doughty in dealing their blows. Since they are nimble and wear light arms, they are swift both in flight and in pursuit, but when it comes to enduring the hardships of a stiff fight they are far inferior to the Celtiberians.
...
And a peculiar practice obtains among the Iberians and particularly among the Lusitanians; for when their young men come to the bloom of their physical strength, those who are the very poorest among them in worldly goods and yet excel in vigour of body and daring equip themselves with no more than valour and arms and gather in the mountain fastnesses, where they form into bands of considerable size and then descend upon Iberia and collect wealth from their pillaging. And this brigandage they continually practise in a spirit of complete disdain; for using as they do light arms and being altogether nimble and swift, they are a most difficult people for other men to subdue. 7 And, speaking generally, they consider the fastnesses and crags of the mountains to be their native land and to these places, which large and heavily equipped armies find hard to traverse, they flee for refuge. Consequently, although the Romans in their frequent campaigns against the Lusitanians rid them of their great spirit of disdain, they were nevertheless unable, often as they eagerly set about it, to put a complete end to their plundering
Strabo Book 3.3.6Appian also tells us that the Romans had a rough time dealing with Lusitanian cavalry. They seem to have employed hit and run tactics and operated in small groups so that the more heavily armored Romans were unable to catch them. Yet, he also describes segments of their forces with armor - most likely the Celtiberian chain mail. They were described as fast and with high stamina as well as typically accompanied with light infantry. It also seems that in some situations they had a habit of dismounting to fight.Spoiler Alert, click show to read:At any rate, the Lusitanians, it is said, are given to laying ambush, given to spying out, are quick, nimble, and good at deploying troops. They have a small shield two feet in diameter, concave p73in front, and suspended from the shoulder by means of thongs (for it has neither arm-rings nor handles). Besides these shields they have a dirk or a butcher's-knife. Most of them wear linen cuirasses; a few wear chain-wrought cuirasses and helmets with three crests, but the rest wear helmets made of sinews. The foot-soldiers wear greaves also, and each soldier has several javelins; and some also make use of spears, and the spears have bronze heads. Now some of the peoples that dwell next to the Durius River live, it is said, after the manner of the Laconians — using anointing-rooms twice a day and taking baths in vapours that rise from heated stones, bathing in cold water, and eating only one meal a day;76 and that in a cleanly77 and simple way. The Lusitanians are given to offering sacrifices, and they inspect the vitals, without cutting them out.
All the mountaineers lead a simple life, are water-drinkers, sleep on the ground, and let their hair stream down in thick masses after the manner of women, though before going into battle they bind their hair about the forehead. 155 They eat goat's-meat mostly, and to Ares they sacrifice a he-goat and also p75the prisoners and horses; and they also offer hecatombs of each kind, after the Greek fashion
They also hold contests, for light-armed and heavy-armed soldiers and cavalry, in boxing, in running, in skirmishing, and in fighting by squads. And the mountaineers, for two-thirds of the year, eat acorns, which they have first dried and crushed, and then ground up and made into a bread that may be stored away for a long time. They also drink beer; but they are scarce of wine, and what wine they have made they speedily drink up in merry feastings with their kinsfolk; and instead of olive-oil they use butter.
Lusitanian Slingers:
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Mixture of tunics. 'Sleeveless' style seen in the image above and same color. Earthy brown colors. In my view, this unit is the poorer elements of the society, so relatively plain and mixed tunics. Dirty, but also useful as camouflage (at least for ancient armies). Basically, what these two cavalrymen are wearing here.
- Sinew/Turdetani style head covering seen in this picture.
- Dirk knife aka a dagger.
Lusitanian Light/Levy Caetrati Spearmen:
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Mixture of tunics. 'Sleeveless' style seen in the image above and same color. Earthy brown colors. In my view, this unit is the poorer elements of the society, so relatively plain and mixed tunics. Dirty, but also useful as camouflage (at least for ancient armies). Basically, what these two cavalrymen are wearing here.
- Caetra shields.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Bronzed tipped spear, and if possible, daggers.
Lusitanian Caetrati Spearmen:
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Similar tunic colors as above, but with some designs. Design example 1.
- Caetra shields.
- Greaves on both legs.
- Some with brownish or earthy colored linothoraxes. Circular pectoral plates.
- Some helmets with three crests like this cavalrymen wears, but the rest wear helmets made of sinews and cloth such as used above.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Bronzed tipped spear, and if possible, daggers.
Caetrati Swordsmen:
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Similar tunic colors as above, but with some designs. Design example 1.
- Caetra shields.
- Greaves on both legs.
- Some with brownish or earthy colored linothoraxes. Circular pectoral plates.
- Some helmets with three crests like this cavalrymen wears, but the rest wear helmets made of sinews and cloth such as used above.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Double sided/bladed sword, Celtiberian in make/quality. 25-29 inches in length.
Elite Caetrati/Nobles Swordsmen:Spoiler Alert, click show to read:[img]http://i.imgur.com/Q5RCJ8V.jpg
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Similar tunic colors as above, but with some designs. Design example 1. Design example 2.
- As seen above, fur cloaks.
- Caetra shields.
- Greaves on both legs.
- Some helmets with three crests like this cavalrymen wears. Dark colored plumes.
- Hamata mail armor and linothoraxes.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Double sided/bladed sword, Celtiberian in make/quality. 25-29 inches in length.
Light Caetrati Cavalry:
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Tunics as in the example picture. More earthy colors.
- Unarmored.
- Caetra shields.
- Helmets as seen in the above image.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Double sided/bladed sword, Celtiberian in make/quality. 25-29 inches in length.
Caetrati Medium Cavalry:Spoiler Alert, click show to read:
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Tunic style in the example picture in the spoiler tags. Some sleeveless or cut at shoulders.
- As seen above, fur cloaks for some of the soldiers.
- Earthy colored Linothoraxes and pectorals (some with both).
- Caetra shields.
- Helmets as seen in the above image.
- Soliferreum/heavy javelin-6ft of iron, up to 30 meters. Iberians called it a Saunion. Heavy. Narrow tip for penetration of armor. Hooks made it hard to extract from shields.
- Falaricae/lighter javelins-heavy javelin with a long, thin iron head of about 90 centimeters in length attached to a wooden shaft of about equal length. The iron head had a narrow sharp tip, which made the falarica an excellent armour-piercing weapon. The Iberians used to bind combustible material to the metal shaft of the weapon and use the falarica as an incendiary projectile. The incendiary javelin would hit the shields or siege works of the enemy often setting them ablaze.
- Double sided/bladed sword, Celtiberian in make/quality. 25-29 inches in length.
Noble Caetrati Cavalry:
- Bound hair style - the soldier in the bottom right of the picture.
- Tunic style in the example picture in the spoiler tags. Some sleeveless or cut at shoulders. Some with the colored red/white tunics worn by the Elite/Noble swordsmen.
- Fur cloaks.
- Earthy colored Linothoraxes and hamata armor (some with both).
- Caetra shields.
- Helmets as seen in the above image.
- Spears.
- Double sided/bladed sword, Celtiberian in make/quality. 25-29 inches in length. Very rare falcattas or kopis swords.
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I'll see what I can dig up. 
