You'll need to isolate the issue further by using deduction.
Try another browser. Some browsers have their own DNS cache (e.g. Chrome), so it may be unaffected by your Win/IE DNS cache. If you're using IE, try Firefox/Chrome, or vice versa.
Try performing a DNS flush. In command prompt, type "ipconfig /flushdns" without quotes, then try again.
Try using Google's public DNS.
Instructions here.
Try another device on the same network. Ex: smart phone/tablet over WiFi. If this works, then it's something specific to the PC, if it doesn't then we know it's a network filter/firewall issue.
Try again from outside of the firewall (aka the DMZ). Your router should have a security function where you can specify an IP address to be exempt from firewall restrictions, which is known as the DMZ. Get your internal IP address (via ipconfig or from your router's UI) and plug that into the DMZ setting.
Try bypassing your router entirely. Hook up directly to your modem (if applicable).
Try another Internet connection. Ex: tether your smart phone and use your data plan (e.g. 3G/4G/LTE) to connect to the Internet. If the problem persists, then it's absolutely something local.
If all else fails, and you're not a VPN/proxy, then you'll want to check with your ISP.