Preview: Eastern rosters

[il Pitta]

CAUCASIAN ROSTER
(Kartli, Aguank)

In the Iron Age the regions of Caucasus were divided in two different regions, Kartli, known to the Romans as "Caucasian Iberia" and responding to modern days Georgia, and Aguank, known to the Romans as "Caucasian Albania" and responding more or less to modern days Daghestan.
Even if culturally influenced by nearby Armenia, and probably sharing a common ancestor with the Armenians (the anatolian people of the Moschoi or Mushki), Kartvelians and other Caucasians can't be assigned as a part of the armenian family, having a language and a culture on their own.


ARMY LIST

Caucasian archers
Caucasian levies
Caucasian Spearmen
Caucasian Axemen
Caucasian Swordsmen
Caucasian Heavy Spearmen
Caucasian Horse Archers
Caucasian Cavalry
Caucasian Cataphract

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Caucasian archers

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One of the most popular weapons within the Kartvelians was the axe, and they even transmit its intensive use to the Greeks colonists in Colchis.
If some of them have a typology that can lead back to the hammer-axes popular within the Scythians, other axe heads, simpler, are of local production.

Caucasian axe-heads

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Caucasian Levies

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Helmets in the Caucasian contexts are mainly of two different kinds.
Calchidian helmets, imported or copied from Black Sea Greeks were popular, but local models were also present, maybe a simple reinterpretation of greek helmets.

Caucasian Helmets

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Caucasian Spearmen

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In the field of defensive weapons, heavy armors appeared to be something charachteristic for Caucasian picked troops. Grave findings with chainmail and/or scale armors are attested, probably due to steppe cultures influence.
The shields in caucasian context appeared to be of two different kinds: a small hoplon-like model with metal rim and cover, probably taken from Black Sea Greeks as the calchidian helmets, and a local model, round, flat and with a metal boss.


Caucasian grave with, axe head, swords, shield, calchidian helmet and chainmail findings:

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Caucasian Axemen

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Caucasian Heavy Spearmen

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The sword in Caucasus was less popular than the axe, probably because it was an expensive weapon.
The tipology of caucasian swords was strictly steppe culture oriented, being actually of the akinakes model.

Caucasian Swords:

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Caucasian Swordsmen

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Caucasian riders:

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Caucasian Horse Archers

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Caucasian Cavalry

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Historical accounts, like the Life of Lucullus, described clearly heavy armoured lancers coming from Caucasus fighting along the Armenian army.
The presence of scale and chain armour in the graves, confirms the findings, giving us the idea of a cataphract tradition that developed in the Caucasus, probably due to Scythian influences.

Caucasian Cataphracts

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[Master Necromancer]

Those goat horn helmets are coming in with the next patch so cool news for u.

[KLAssurbanipal]

CA will add this helmet in Augustus campaign pack:

[il Pitta]

Wow! good to know! :-)

[il Pitta]

PONTOS ROSTER

Pontos was an hellenistic kingdom on the northern shores of Anatolia, East from Bithynia.
The Pontinc kingdom, during the Achaemenid period, was part of the persian satrapy of Kappadokia, and undergo to numerous different influences.
On the anatolian foundation, Mysian and Cappadocian, overlapped Greek influence of Ionian colonists, and after that Medo-Persian influence during the achaemenid rule.
Finally, Pontos was depply hellenized, as a response of Alexander and after him Diadochs' rising power.

ARMY LIST

Sphendonetai
Toxotai
Akontistai
Cappadocian Levies
Thyreophoroi Euxinoi
Chalkaspides Pontikoi
Politikoi Hippeis
Drepanophoroi Armai


PONTIC LEAGUE TROOPS

-NAVAL ROSTER SWITCHS TO BLACK SEA GREEKS ONE-


Peltastai Euxinoi
Kolchides Axemen
Sindoi Hippotoxotai
Toxotai Sindoi
Douloi Phalangitai
Cohors Mithridatica
Caucasian Cataphract
Medopersikoi Takabara Stratiotai
Medopersikoi Sparabara Stratiotai
Median Asabara
Armenian Spearmen
Armenian Ayrudzi Cataphract


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ROSTER IN DETAIL



Sphendonetai

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Toxotai

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Akontistai

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Cappadocian Levies

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Thyreophoroi Euxinoi

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While light infantries of cappadocian hillmen and pontic greek thyreophoroi was common levy for supprt roles, the main infantry force of the Pontic kingdom was Hellenistic-type phalanx:



“the infantry forces engaged, the Barbarians [Pontics] holding their pikes before them at full length, and endeavouring, by locking their shields together, to keep their line of battle intact; while the Romans threw down their javelins, drew their swords, and sought to dash the pikes aside”
Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Life of Sulla, 18, 4


Chalkaspides Pontikoi

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Politikoi Hippeis

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Drepanophoroi Armai

The use of scythed war chariots was probably a persian inheritance, ad is attested in various occasions, like the war against Bithynia:


"When Nicomedes perceived the movement, he sought to meet it by a similar one. Thereupon a severe and bloody struggle ensued. Nicomedes prevailed and put the Mithridateans to flight until Archelaus, advancing from the right flank, fell upon the pursuers, who were compelled to turn their attention to him. He yielded little by little in order that the forces of Neoptolemus might have a chance to rally. When he judged that they had done so sufficiently, he advanced again. At the same time the scythe-bearing chariots made a charge on the Bithynians, cutting some of them in two, and tearing others to pieces."
Appian, Roman History, The Mithridatic Wars, 18

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PONTIC LEAGUE TROOPS

At the end of II B.C. king Mithridates VI became king of Pontus, and immediately he started to expand his influence over the Black Sea Greeks, actually occupying, with political strife, marriages and direct acts of war, all the Black Sea Greeks poleis, and also forming a strong alliance with the kingdom of Armenia, that sent him troops in various occasions.

In 108 a.C. the king of Cimmerion Bosphoron pleaded for the help of Mithridates VI of Pontos in fighting the Scythians, offering the kingdom in reward, that was assigned to one of Mithridates' sons; furthermore, in 101 a.C. Mithridates conquested Kolchis, that at the time was divided into various little principalities ruled by nobles called Sceptuches. He also conquest Trebzon, that became the center of the Pontic fleet.
In Mithridates 83 a.C. suffocates a local revolt in Kolchis, and puts on the throne one of his sons.

Peltastai Euxinoi

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Kolchides Axemen

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Toxotai Sindoi


Sindoi Archer statue

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Sindoi Hippotoxotai

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Douloi Phalangitai

During his reign, Mithridates VI, to enforce his army, freed slaves and armed them with phalangitic pikes:

“…they saw drawn up in front of the enemy fifteen thousand slaves, whom the king's generals had set free by proclamation in the cities and enrolled among the men-at‑arms”
Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Life of Sulla, 18, 5

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A cunning politician, Mithridates VI gave his daughter Cleopatra in marriage to Tigranes II, known as Tigran Metz (the great), that had brought Armenia to became a powerful empire.
This caused that several times Mithridates obtained Armenian, Persian and even Caucasian troops coming from his powerful son-in-law.

Armenian Spearmen

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Armenian Ayrudzi Cataphract

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Cohors Mithridatica

Mithridates, thanks to the military counselors and trainers sent him by the rebel roman Sertorius, raised a legionary-like force with Armenian levies:

“Mithridates manufactured arms in every town. The soldiers he recruited were almost wholly Armenians. From these he selected the bravest to the number of about 70,000 foot and half that number of horse and dismissed the rest.
He divided them into companies and cohorts as nearly as possible according to the Roman system, and turned them over to Pontic officers to be trained.”

Appian - History of Rome - The Mithridatics Wars, 87

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Medopersikoi Takabara Stratiotai

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Medopersikoi Sparabara Stratiotai

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Median Asabara

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Caucasian Cataphract

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[il Pitta]

HAYQ (Armenia) ROSTER

Armenia was a kingdom born from the ashes of the ancient Urartu kingdom.
After becoming a satrapy of the Achaemenid empire, it passed to Alexander and from him to the Seleucids, even if in time to time it tried to throw off the Seleucids' yoke.
The Armenians were the product of the fusion of different peoples, mainly the local Urartians and settlers from Phrigia, the people of the Moschoi or Mushki, but they recieved also some influences from the nearby Medes.



Armenian Slingers
Armenian Archers
Armenian Levies
Armenian Spearmen
Armenian Ayrudzi archers
Armenian Ayrudzi
Armenian Ayrudzi Cataphract

TIGRAN METS REFORM

ACCESS TO NAVAL UNITS FROM SELEUCID ROSTER:

ACCESS TO SIEGE ENGINES:


NEW TROOPS:

Armenian Phalangitai
Cohors Mithridatica
Arabian Skirmishers
Arabian Warriors
Arabian Camel Archers
Caucasian Cataphract
Caucasian levies
Caucasian Spearmen
Caucasian Axemen
Medopersikoi Takabara Stratiotai
Medopersikoi Sparabara Stratiotai
Median Asabara
Mardian Horse Archers
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ROSTER IN DETAIL

Armenian Slingers

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Armenian Archers

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Like for the nearby populations of the Caucasus and for the Persians and Medians, the axe was the most common hand weapon in Armenia.
The use of the thyreos, along with the occasional presence of phrygian helmets, was on the other hand an influence of the hellenistic kingdoms.
Armenian Levies

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The use of heavy armors appear radicated between armenian troops, that are often described as "heavy", probably due to the influence of both Medians and Caucasians.

Armenian Spearmen

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"Ayrudzi" is an armenian term defining the horsemen.
In armenian culture the horsemen were normally recruited among the nobles.

Armenian Ayrudzi archers

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Armenian Ayrudzi

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Armenian Ayrudzi Cataphract

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Tigran Mets Reforms:
King of Armenia Tigranes II the Great grow to immense power, actually inheriting what was left of the Seleucid empire. He also conquest Media Atropatene, and founded a new capital for his empire, naming it by himself “Tigranakert”.
To make his empire more multicultural, he actually enforced mass migrations, transferring in Armenia people from Arabic Mesopotamia, Greek Asia and Media.
Furthermore, he made a strong alliance with Mithridates of Pontos, marrying his daughter Cleopatra.
Actually Tigranes II could raise a very huge army with troops from different peoples:

“…The Armenians and Gordyeni joined him with all their hosts, and the kings of the Medes and Adiabeni came up with all their hosts, and many Arabs arrived from the sea of Babylonia, and many Albanians from the Caspian sea, together with Iberians who were neighbours to the Albanians [Albanian and Iberian here are intended as Caucasus Iberians and Caucasus Albianians… nothing to do with “proper” Iberians and Albanians, buth was the name used by Romans to identify Kartli and Arguank people]”

Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Life of Lucullus, 26


Furthermore, he structured the Armenian army in two different ways, following both hellenistic and roman military fashion.
It is report the existence of Armenian “heavy phalanxes”, but also Armenian “Cohorts” that fought in the roman way, thank to the training provided by Pontic officers of Mithridates, that had been trained too by military counselors and legionaries provided to Mithridates by the roman rebel Sertorius.

“[Tigranes] was in command of […]one hundred and fifty thousand heavy infantry, some of whom were drawn up in cohorts, and some in phalanxes”
Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Life of Lucullus, 26

“Mithridates manufactured arms in every town. The soldiers he recruited were almost wholly Armenians. From these he selected the bravest to the number of about 70,000 foot and half that number of horse and dismissed the rest. He divided them into companies and cohorts as nearly as possible according to the Roman system, and turned them over to Pontic officers to be trained.”
Appian - History of Rome - The Mithridatics Wars, 87



Armenian Phalangitai

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Cohors Mithridatica

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Arabian Skirmishers

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Arabian Warriors

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Arabian Camel Archers

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Caucasian Cataphract

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Caucasian Levies

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Caucasian Spearmen

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Caucasian Axemen

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Medopersikoi Takabara Stratiotai

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Medopersikoi Sparabara Stratiotai

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Median Asabara

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Mardian Horse Archers

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[skysyk]

Wow... really nice update with Pontus and Armenia. Really really nice! Especially the "heavy" look of the Armenian Phalangites.

But one question: The Douloi Phalangitai Unit looks like a really bad Unit, that is accessable later (? after a reform/event) in the game. So why would i recruit this unit? Cheap as hell?

[Black9]

Wow... really nice update with Pontus and Armenia. Really really nice! Especially the "heavy" look of the Armenian Phalangites.

But one question: The Douloi Phalangitai Unit looks like a really bad Unit, that is accessable later (? after a reform/event) in the game. So why would i recruit this unit? Cheap as hell?

I think that the rosters are made to be historically accurate, and it's up to the player/AI which troops to use. I'm sure they will be extremely cheap, but whether they will be worth taking or not in a campaign remains to be seen.

[Iutland]

I think that the rosters are made to be historically accurate, and it's up to the player/AI which troops to use. I'm sure they will be extremely cheap, but whether they will be worth taking or not in a campaign remains to be seen.

Exactly :-)

That particular unit is cheap to recruit and maintain. Somewhere around 200 to recruit and 50 in upkeep.

[skysyk]

Exactly :-)

That particular unit is cheap to recruit and maintain. Somewhere around 200 to recruit and 50 in upkeep.

Very nice to hear. And sure, playing as historical as much is the main reason i use this mod at all

[il Pitta]

HASHMANNIM ROSTER

In 175 a.C., after occupying Judaea winning it from the Ptolemies, The Seleucids spoiled Jerusalem temple, ransack it and dedicated it to Zeus.
The Jews revolted, lead by he Rabbi Matitiyahu ben Yochanan, and after him by Y'hudhah HaMakabi (Judas Maccabaeus) that starts a guerrilla uprising that will grow to enormous proportion.
The rebels, called Maqabim (Maccabee, literally "The Hammerers") ultimately succeded in beating the Seleucids and founded the Hashmannim (Asmonean) dynasty, that ruled Judaea until the Romans occupied it.


References:

Judas Maccabaeus: The Jewish Struggle Against the Seleucids
The Armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod: From Hellenistic to Roman Frameworks
Herod's Judaea: A Mediterranean State in the Classical World



MAQABIM REBELS

Maqabim Rebel Slingers
Maqabim Rebels Skirmishers
Maqabim Rebels Archers
Maqabim Rebels
Maqabim Rebel Cavalry


HASHMANNIM ROSTER

Hashmannim slingers
Hashmannim Skirmishers
Hashmannim Archers
Hasmannim Levies
Hashmannim Levy Spearmen
Hashmannim Skirmish Cavalry
Hasmannim Cavalry
Hashmannim Thyreophoroi
Ekatontamachoi
Idumaean Levies
Idumaean Levy skirmishers

Hordus the Great reform:

Doryphoroi Herodioi
Sebastenoi
Ituraean archers
Zamaris Horse Archers
Gallogermanic Guard
Thracian Guard
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The Maqabim Rebels are recorded to be fierce fighters and experts in guerrilla, even if badly equipped, enraged by what the new rulers had done to the Temple

Maqabim Rebel Slingers

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Maqabim Rebels Skirmishers

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Maqabim Rebels Archers

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Maqabim Rebels

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Maqabim Rebel Cavalry

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After beating the Seleucids, the Maccabee established the Asmonean dinasty.
Even if the starting point of Maccabee revolt was an uprising against the hellenistic rulers and even the hellnistic Jews, ultimately the Asmonean kindom became actually a deeply hellenized state, that used in many fields elements of the greek culture.

Hashmannim slingers

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Hashmannim Skirmishers

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Hashmannim Archers

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Hasmannim Levies

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Hashmannim Levy Spearmen

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Hashmannim Skirmish Cavalry

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Hashmannim Cavalry

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Hashmannim Thyreophoroi

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“He had however eight thousand in the first rank, which he styled Hecatontomachi, having shields of brass”
Flavius Josephus.

Ekatontamachoi, “The one that fought as a hundred”, were an elite troops of the Asmonean army of Alexander Iannaeus against the Seleucids.

"In the battle under discussion, which took place in the first year of Jonathan's reign, yet another stage is observable: a partial adoption of Roman weaponry and tactics by specially trained units of some 8,000 elite troops. Organized in centuries, these units bore shields that were a Jewish version of the thyreos"
Bar-Kochva “The Battle between Ptolemy Lathyrus and Alexander Jannaeus in the Jordan Valley and the Dating of the Scroll of the War of the Sons of Light; Cathedra 93 (1999)”


Ekatontamachoi

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The Idumaean were an Arab tribe living on the Israelite soil, that were forcedly converted to Judaism by the Asmoneans

Idumaean Levies

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Idumaean Levy skirmishers

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Hordus the Great reform:

Herodes (Hordus) the Great became king of Judaea in 37 a.C., and as an ally of the first roman emperor, Augustus, starts to reform the Asmonean army and to recruit elite mercenaries.

Doryphoroi Herodioi

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Sebastenoi

The Sebastenoi, "Devoted", were an elite troop trained by roman officers and equipped in roman fashion

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Ituraean archers

Ituraeans were a Syrian Arab people, noted among Herod’s federate troops

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Zamaris Horse Archers

Zamaris Babylonians horse archers are noted among Herod’s troops

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As many Hellenistic rulers, Herod appealed to northern barbarian mercenaries as elite guards.
Thracians, Germans and Gauls are all attested.

Thracian Guard

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“First of all went his guards, then the band of Thracians, and after them the Germans; and next the band of Galatians, every one in their habiliments of war”
Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, XVII, 198

“He (Augustus) also made him (Herod) a present of four hundred Gauls as a guard for his body, which they had been to Cleopatra before.”
Flavius Josephus, War of the Jews, I, 20, 3

In particular the Gauls and the Germans of Herod's guard could be the same Gabiniani that Pompey gave to Ptolemy, and Caesar, after beating them, gave to Cleopatra.

Gallogermanic Guard

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[il Pitta]

MAURYA SAMRAJ


The Maurya empire was an founded in 322 by Chandragupta Maurya (in the greek accounts recorded as Sandrokottos), that taking advantage of the apparent stagnation of the Nanda empire, seized it, and succeeded also to expand the indian ruled territories.

Chandragupta expanded the borders of his empire westward, and succeeded in conquer various Indian and Indo-Arian clans and even the Macedonian outposts that Alexander had left on the eastern border of the Macedonian empire.

In 305 Chandragupta started a war against Seleucus for the control of the Indus Valley, and even if we have no records about the progression of the conflicts, it appeared that the Indians were on the winning side, being the Seleucus more concerned in fighting against the other Diadochs in the west.

To end the losing war against the Mauryan Empire and focus his attention in the west, in 301 a.C. Seleucus negotiated a peace and ceded Alexander's indian territories to Chandragupta. Later Selecus would form an alliance with the marriage of his daughter to Chandragupta, in return as dowry, Seleucus received 500 War Elephants.
In 272, the starting year of the game, the son and heir of Chandragupta, Bindusara, died, and his successor was Ashoka The Great, probably one of India's greatest emperors.



Sindhu Bowmen
Sindhu Skirmishers
Sindhu Levies
Sindhu Levy Spearmen
Ksatriya Spearmen
Kstariya Warrior
Ksatriya Noble Warriors
Ksatriya Chariots
Sindhu War Elephants
Sindhu Armoured Elephants
Kamboja Horsemen
Yavana Warriors
Yavana Horsemen
Arya Hillmen
Saka Horse Archers
Saka Levies


Sindhu Bowmen

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Sindhu Skirmishers

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Sindhu Levies

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Sindhu Levy Spearmen

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The Ksatriya were one of the four castal orders of Vedic society, specifically the ruling class and the military elite of the Indian culture


Ksatriya Spearmen

The Trishula was a charachteristic south-est asian and indian three edged spear.
It is normally associated with warrior gods and heroes.

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Kstariya Warrior

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Ksatriya Noble Warriors

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Ksatriya Chariots

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Sindhu War Elephants

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Sindhu Armoured Elephants

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The army of the Maurya empire was quite composite, and among proper Vedic Indians there were warriors from various nations, and in the Mudrarkshasa are quoted Scythians (Pahlava, Saka), Arya (Bahlikas), Greeks (Yavanas) or tribes of mixed Avestan-Scythian and Vedic Indian heritage like the Kambojas.

Kamboja Horsemen

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Yavana Warriors

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Yavana Horsemen

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Arya Hillmen

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Saka Horse Archers

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Saka Levies

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[skysyk]

Great work!

Question: How am i able to play with a revolting Faction, in this case Judae? Will i be able to play them at all?

[il Pitta]

Not in the Grand Campaign, but in other settings, like the last DLC, it will be possible ;-)

[il Pitta]

Arab Rosters
(Saba, Himyar, Hagar, Al Anbat, Ma in, Mascat, Qadirān)

Pre-Islamic Arabic peninsula sought the birth of many tribal communities and city-states.
For III b.C. timeframe archaeological evidence is quite scarce, as historical reference, but without doubt there was a slight difference between the Arabic communities of Arabia Felix (southern Arabia) and the rest of the country.
In Arabia Felix ("Happy" in the sense of "fertile") flourished city states like Mascat, or Saba and Himyar, the last two able to establish trading posts on the african coasts.

Arab Skirmishers
Arab Archers
Arab Spearmen
Arab Warriors
Arab Noble Swordsmen
Arab Noble Archers
Arab Camel Archers
Arab Cavalry
Kaldu Spearmen
Blemmy Camel Archers
Aksumite Skirmishers
Aksumite Spearmen
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Arab Skirmishers

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Arab Archers

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Arab Spearmen

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Arab Warriors

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Arab Noble Swordsmen

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Arab Noble Archers

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Arab Camel Archers

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Arab Cavalry

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Kaldu Spearmen

Strabo, book xvi “There were many Caldeans refugees living in Gerrha, that build huts with salt”

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Blemmy Camel Archers

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Aksumite Skirmishers

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Aksumite Spearmen

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[Master Necromancer]

Love the roosters can't wait to play with them.

[il Pitta]

Thank you!

[skysyk]

I think I will finally play an African faction thanks to this great mod