Slenγanan Karloz
Slenγanan Karloz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "sling folk" or "sling freemen". Here, the word "free men" is used somewhat ironically. While most men of the Alemanni tribal society (besides slaves) would have been "free", a large portion will have been peasants and farmers, and thus live relatively poor, destitute lives, no better than peasants. Yet, even such men were required by their clansmen and chieftains to provide a number of able-bodied men to augment the warbands, which were recruited from all the cantons of the Alemanni realm, of which there were supposedly one hundred. These men represent the peasants, farmers, shepherds and hunters of Alemanni society, too poor to afford any other form of weaponry or armour. They will have been of varying age and skill, with many opportunities presenting themselves in daily life for improvement with their weapon of choice. The Alemanni bordered the Hercynian Forest (known today as the Black Forest) and as such will have had many chances to hunt, as in those times it was filled with many different types of animals, from wolves, to hare, red deer and even brown bears. The shepherd's life will thus have been a busy one.
Carrying nothing more than a simple hemp or linen thread to which a small leather pouch is attached, their sling is both simple and deadly. In the hands of an accurate marksman, it can crush bone and shatter shields, easily causing fatal injuries even with the protection of armour. Besides that, these men carry a simple hunting knife, and wear undyed woolen tunics and close fitting, heavy trousers, of either felt or wool, but ideal protection against undergrowth and thickets but not much else. In battle, they are mostly expected to harass the enemy with hails of stones, which they collect from nearby streams and riverbeds, being flat and oval in shape.
It goes without saying such vulnerable men should be used wisely on the field of battle. They will perish even against the lightest of infantry, and most forms of cavalry will tear them to bits. A wise Alemanni king will instead seek to use them from afar, behind his lines, where he can either instruct them to target a single point in the field of battle, taking aim perhaps at a heavily armoured enemy with which their stones will prove useful against, or allowing them simply to bombard the enemy lines with random but deadly hails of stones.
Jugunthiz Alnaz-Manwōz
Jugunthiz Alnaz-Manwōz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Alemanni youth or Alemanni young warriors". Traditionally in Germanic warrior society, these were very often the youths and inexperienced men of the tribe whom had either not experienced battle, or very little of it. While most if not all men in German society were expected to own a weapon (often a bow, sling or framea - a spear) and most will have used it on occasion, often during small intensity warfare, such as cattle-raids, skirmishes and inter-tribal warfare, few became full time warriors. Those that wished to do so often attempted to serve in the retinues and warbands of nobles, chieftains and clan leaders, hoping to secure patronage and expand their wealth and honour. As such, these men will have been relatively young, inexperienced and eager, perhaps even foolhardy, as they strive to impress their lords and potential sponsors, charging headlong into battle with little of the elan and equipment of professional warriors.
Tacitus, in describing the Germans, has often mentioned that insofar as skirmishers were involved, little to no clothing was involved, so as to make them nimble and speedier of foot. As such, this man wears only a simple tunic over woolen trousers, and leather boots and belt. He carried a handful of framea or javelins, short and with slender, angular heads which made them ideal for throwing and piercing armour, but somewhat delicate in hand to hand fighting. However, he would not spurn such a situation in which to prove himself in, so a small shield with an iron boss is carried, and he can effectively engage in melee fighting for short periods of time.
Inevitably, his greenness and lack of armour will have the better of him in prolonged fighting against professional infantry and most types of cavalry. A such, a wise Alemanni King will either place them with other, mightier types of infantry, or form them up behind the main thrust, where they can deliver hails of javelins overhead into the ranks of the enemy.
Buγōn Folkan
Buγōn Folkan are Proto-Germanic words which translate loosely as "Bow Folk or Peasants". Like shepherds with their slings, bows are somewhat looked down upon in traditional Germanic warrior society. That is not to say the Alemanni may not appreciate its use, as centuries of warfare with the Romans will have impressed upon them. However, they are yet to form dedicated warbands to the purpose of archery, and as such, this will have been a rather rag-tag band, often accompanying the Alemanni host. They will have been composed primarily of hunters of all ages or those warriors whom showed a proficiency with the bow. In part, their constant interaction with the Romans, and the fact many Alemanni went on to serve under them as auxiliaries, provided this tribe with a good understanding of some of the tactics which made the Roman army so successful, archery being one of them.
As such, these men have been grouped into a warband and expected to support the main Alemanni host, either through tactics of attrition, skirmish and ambushing, or directly on the field of battle, from behind the main line. Besides this, they will have also been important in foraging for meat and in hunting for their comrades on the field when on campaign. Like most Germanic warriors, they are simply clad, with only a tunic and trousers, and simple leather belt and boots, as described by Agathius. Their bow was often made of ash or yew for the stave, being around six feet long, with arrows carved of poplar or beech. Arrow-heads often differed in quality and type, with heads made for hunting and armour-piercing being available. Frequently in graves, arrow-heads are found with axe heads, and so this warrior is represented with a simple axe as a backup weapon.
While archery remained relatively underdeveloped in Germanic military culture, the Alemanni have slowly began to realise their usefulness, and as such they would be best placed behind the lines, where they can either attack the enemy with impunity, or in cases of opportunity, outflank them and target them from behind. Needless to say, their lack of armour and shields make them extremely vulnerable to melee fighting and cavalry of any kind.
Ðruχtiz Swerðan-Akwiz Alnaz-Manwōz
Ðruχtiz Swerðan-Akwiz Alnaz-Manwōz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Sword and axe warband of the Alemanni", Alnaz-Manwōz being the Germanic rendering of the tribal confederacy most commonly known the "Alemanni". In an increasingly able and militarised society, the Alemanni - though continued trade and warfare with the Romans, in addition to auxiliary service - but perhaps most importantly, tribal hegemony and expansion, were increasingly able to field larger, and better equipped number of warriors. While armour is still relatively rare, swords are more prevalent, though of varying quality, and this is borne out archaeologically. Furthermore, as the tribal confederation expanded, as did both the prestige and wealth of the higher nobles of the tribes, allowing them to arm and armour an increasingly higher number of retinues and warbands. Historically, what begins around the 3rd century A.D is an increasing "Romanisation" of Western Germanic peoples, to the point that by the 5th and 6th centuries, there would be little to distinguish the average German and Roman soldier on the field of battle, with armour becoming prevalent by then. As such, these men represent the mainstay of Alemanni warrior culture, being professional warriors, soldiers even, forming more than a single warband but something more akin to an army. They will have been composed of the veterans in Alemanni service, those warriors well accustomed to warfare. Many will probably have served as Roman auxiliaries, where most may have acquired their swords from. Others may be bound to lesser nobles, and rather than fighting in their immediate retinue, fight alongside their more numerous warriors.
As such, these men represent a relative "middle class" of Alemanni warrior society. They are better off than most, but still far off from being in the company of the earls, nobles and king's retinues, enjoying the full patronage and support of their lords. They carry swords, which had broad blades and were double-edged, often a symbol of power and honour, both to him and his clan. They will have been of relatively simple construction, made from a process known as "faggoting" wherein layered strips of lower quality iron were welded together. He also carries the eponymous francisca throwing axe, a common weapon in Germanic armies, incredibly lethal, with a heavy iron head, and known to bounce unpredictably and even under shields if thrown properly. In most cases, it was used immediately before charging, further increasing the impetus of the overwhelming rush. Being relatively wealthier than most, they are able to afford better quality clothing, with a wide bronze plated belt, woolen trousers and leggings tied with leather. An enclosed leather boot and a fur skin add protection against inclement weather. They also have a stout shield made of planked wood, and a pointed iron boss familiar to Germanic tribesmen, which could also be used offensively in a punching manner.
These men represent an important, and arguably crucial, part of the Alemanni battle line. They are not necessarily rare per se, but should not be squared either. They will perform admirably as medium line infantry, and fight with good martial elan, though it should be noted their lack of armour will eventually prove their downfall if paired against an enemy enjoying that particular advantage. Medium and heavy cavalry engaged in charges may also prove troublesome, and so spearmen should perhaps be paired with them. All in all, they will deliver a devastating charge with their franciscas, followed by fierce melee fighting, and an Alemanni king should look for opportunities on the field where such advantages can be best exploited.
Ðruχtiz γaiðō Hermundurōnes
Ðruχtiz γaiðō Hermundurōnes are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Spear warband of the Hermunduri". The Hermunduri were an ancient Germanic tribe, who originally occupied the area around what is now Thuringia, Bohemia, Saxony and Franconia in Germany. They may have been the ancestors to the Thunringii. Strabo treated them as a nomadic branch of the Suebian people, living east of the Elbe. They eventually migrated to the Danube, north of Raetia, where they were constantly involved in fighting with the Marcommani and the Quadi, whom they neighbored. They were apparently allowed to trade with the Romans without being escorted, and generally well regarded by them. Here, these tribesmen (whom bordered the Alemanni confederacy) are represented as serving under the Alemanni king, either through oaths and tribal fealty or coin. Having a long trading relationship with the Romans, these men will have become somewhat accustomed to their choice of weapons, which is reflected in their own. As Hermunduri tribesmen, they will have been eager, of varying levels of experience and age, and grouped into a warband or levy to fight under the Alemanni.
Like their more lighter tribesmen, their weapons of choice are the angon and the spatha, the former being similar to the Roman pillum in that it is a short, heavy throwing spear, with a barbed head and a long, slender neck made of iron, made to punch through shields and bend on impact. The latter would be a of varying quality, with broad blades and double-edged, often a symbol of power and honour, both to the warrior and his clan. They possess a round, planed wooden shield with a pointed iron boss which they could use offensively in a punching motion. As clothing, they wear relatively simple woolen tunics and felt trousers, with leggings tied with leather strips and hardened leather boots. For the weather they wear a fur skin jerkin, and a simple leather belt with brass fittings. They also wear their hair in a wilder fashion, in addition to showing off tattoos of various designs, indicating at heart they are still headstrong and wild as warriors, despite the trappings of a more Romanised culture.
As a sort of tribal auxiliary, the Alemanni king has many options available in placing them in his battle line. Their light armour makes them suitable second rankers if the tactic of the caput porcinum or boar's head is employed, an armoured column which converges at a single point in the enemy's line, and a favourite of Germanic tribes, as described by Tacitus. Alternatively, they make good line infantry, though they will suffer against more heavily armoured units. Their angons will prove useful in charges, or countering charges, and may be equally effective at flanking maneuvers or attacking infantry which is already engaged in battle.
Wrakjōnes Semnōnes
Wrakjōnes Semnōnes are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Semnone Warriors". The Semnones were a Germanic tribe which settleed between the Elbe and the Oder in the 1st century A.D. They are also called the "Old Ones", and it is from them that the Juthungi originate from. They were known for the "grove of fetters" or "sacred groves" where human sacrifice took place, where they worshiped a bloodthirsty war god (possibly Wodan or a similar god) and all who entered must do so in chains, as a sign of submission. At their peak, they were known to have a hundred cantons under their control, much like their Alemanni masters would in the 3rd to 4th centuries A.D. By this time, they amalgamated with the Alemanni tribal confederacy, in itself rendered as "All Men" illustrating the various tribes from which it was made. As such, these men represent the warriors of the Semonene tribe, fighting under the banner of the Alemanni king, to whom they have sword fealty. They will have been mostly experienced warriors, those who have seen many campaigns and been on many raids.
As such, these men are armed with a handful of bronze butted, iron angular shaped javelins, in addition to their main spear or framea made of ash or maple, with a leaf shaped iron head. They also carry a planked wooden shield with a rounded iron boss, painted over in bright colours. They make use of thick woolen trousers, held up by a wide, bronze plated belt, leggings, enclosed leather boots and two sets of tunics, dyed and undyed.
These men will no doubt form another important part of the Alemanni battle line, performing admirably as the bulk of the warriors, charging and hoping to wear down the enemy through their ferocity and staying power. They are aided in this by their long spears and sturdy shields, with which they can engage most types of infantry and cavalry. However, their lack of armour will prove a hindrance against enemies with it, and as such they should not be expected to last too long in such a melee, though they will no doubt give a good account of themselves. They will, however, prove the demise of most types of cavalry, and a wise Alemanni king may want to consider posting them on the flanks, where they can be used to the best of their abilities.
Wrakjōnes Skutilaz-γaiðō
Wrakjōnes Skutilaz-γaiðō are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Spear and harpoon or javelin warband". Here the word "harpoon" is meant as a javelin, as it could also be used as a common hunting weapon, both in forests and in the many rivers of the Germanic lands. These men will have formed the majority of the levies raised under the system of patronage the Alemanni king enjoyed over his subjects - Roman writers say the Alemanni possessed up to one hundred cantons, each of which they levied around one hundred to two hundred men. Even if these figures are exaggerated, they still provide for a formidable army. As the archetypal Germanic warrior, unarmoured, with throwing spears and a long thrusting spear, these men will have formed the the backbone of the Alemanni hosts. They will have been made up of able-bodied men of varying tribes, with different levels of fitness, experience and of all ages, so long as they were able to hold a spear and shield and use it effectively. However, they may also have been made up increasingly of experienced and almost "career" warriors, as it has been argued around this time that the Alemanni (together with the Franks) were becoming increasingly "Romanised" (especially as the Alemanni migrated to the Agri Decumates, a former Roman district) and in this vein, the Alemanni will have began to appreciate the use of steady, life-long warriors whose sole profession as war.
These men are armed with a handful of bronze butted, iron angular shaped javelins, in addition to their main spear or framea made of ash or maple, with a leaf shaped iron head. They also carry an oval shield with a pointed iron boss, similar to those carried by Roman auxiliaries, which some may in fact have served as, further imparting Roman military knowledge into the ranks of the Alemanni. The shield is adorned with elaborate tribal designs, being painted over and possibly framed in leather or bronze edging. Due to the cold weather, they make use of thick woolen trousers, held up by a wide, bronze plated belt, leggings, enclosed leather boots and two sets of tunics, which they wear one over the other due to the colder Germanic weather.
These men are the backbone of the Alemanni host, and as such will form the mainstay of its line. They will perform well against most enemies, including cavalry, as their long spears and stout shields will help keep them at bay. However, they will suffer against missiles and heavier armed and armoured infantry, which will get the best of them. They can either be positioned in the front line, charging furiously towards the enemy in the hopes of carrying them through brute force alone, or in the second ranks of an armoured column preferred by the Germans, know as the caput porcinum or boar's head. In whichever case, a wise Alemanni king will seek to support them with other types of troops.
Stranγaz Harjaz Wrakjōnes
Stranγaz Harjaz Wrakjōnes are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Mighty army warriors". These are the tribesmen of the Alemanni warrior society whom have succeeded in impressing themselves into the ranks of the retinues and companions of the chieftains, earls, nobles and lesser nobility of the Alemanni confederacy. They now enjoy the patronage of their lords, which usually translates as a steady salary, good quality arms and armour, plenty of food and drink, slaves and a roof over one's head, and possibly even land of one's own. However, in effect they have no enlisted as the personal soldiers of these lords, who themselves pay fealty to the greater Alemanni king. They also represent the increasingly able and militarised nature of Alemanni society, no longer being grouped into Ðruχtiz or warbands as the lesser but more numerous warriors are, but rather into smaller but more disciplined and resilient groups, hence the title of "army". While they are still best thought of as supporting units due to their relative scarcity and few numbers, the influence of the Romans on the Alemanni war of war is clearly showing.
Thus, these men will mostly be made up of experienced, veteran warriors whom have proved themselves to their lords through many battles and many campaigns, or perhaps more rarely, young men of exceeding martial skill whom, while perhaps less experienced, are nonetheless extremely able warriors. They are best thought of as soldiers and not "warriors" in the traditional sense, though they still retain their martial vigour and their natural eagerness and thirst for battle. Being part of a retinue, they are armed with a long, good quality thrusting spear, in addition to shorter framea throwing spears, ideally suitable for punching through armour with their short, angular points. In addition to the ubiquitous shield however, they also sport a spangehelm helmet, offering them excellent protection at such a vital area, in addition to a coat of mail of decent quality, either forged in the native smiths of the country, which enjoy a great reputation, or "acquired" in some fashion or another from the Romans. Some may have been from ex-military service as auxiliaries. In the manner of auxiliaries, they also wear a focale scarf to avoid chaffing, in addition to a fine tunic, tong woolen trousers with leggings, and enclosed hardened leather boots. Their thin, wiry mustaches complete the look of a fearsome, Frankish warrior.
To an Alemanni King, these men represent the cream of the warrior nobility, and by far the best bulwark available to defeat equally heavily armoured and armed opponents, like the nobles of other tribes, or the ever treacherous Romans. While such units are expensive, relatively rare and cost a lot of upkeep, they pay for themselves on the field of battle, where their long spears and their armour will keep most enemies at bay unless under the most extreme duress. Furthermore, in battle, these men will have been expected to lead from the front, with the rest of their warrior brothers, usually at the forefront of an armoured column known as the caput porcinum or "boar's head" first described by Tacitus in the 1st century A.D, and which the Romans may have copied. With the more well armed and armoured men in the front and the lesser following behind, the column charged and smashed into the ranks of the enemy, concentrating on a single point and hoping to carry all before them. Only the most professional and well-trained and led armies were able to resist them, a testament to its effectiveness.
Gadulingaz Aþalaz Kantōn
Gadulingaz Aþalaz Kantōn are Proto-Germanic words loosely translating as "Canton Noble's Companions". Like the Harjaz or armies raised from the more affluent and militarised cantons, these men represent the nobles, chieftains and lesser kings of these cantons and subservient tribes, whom are equally able to arm and equip their own entourages to high standards. These men will have thus been the entourages, companions, bodyguard and retinues of such nobles. Given the size of the Alemanni tribal confederation, they were increasingly able to command larger and larger forces of such groups. In the case of the Alemanni cantons, these men may have been a diverse bunch, ranging from discharged Roman auxiliary veterans, able raiders, experienced warriors, skilled youths, earls, sword warriors among many others. With the increase in prestige from the larger tribal confederation, and increasing access to both wealth and armaments through warfare and trade with the Romans, the Alemanni were eventually able to equip themselves more and more as the Romans, with the distinction eventually disappearing by the 4th to 5th centuries A.D. Scholars even argue the Alemanni became "Romanised" in many other areas besides the military, such as in dress, and even living mostly in urbanised areas - the lands of the Agri Decumates having previously been a roman possession for close to two hundred years.
Representing the higher warrior classes of the Alemanni cantons, these men are armed and armoured accordingly. Like their lighter tribesmen, their weapons of choice are the angon and the spatha, the former being similar to the Roman pillum in that it is a short, heavy throwing spear, with a barbed head and a long, slender neck made of iron, made to punch through shields and bend on impact. The latter would be an exquisitely crafted longsword, either presented as a gift by their lords or plundered or retained from previous military service, patterned and made of good quality iron. They enjoyed the protection of the spangehelm iron helmet, in addition to a suit of good quality iron mail. They possess a large, oval shield, beautifully painted and decorated, with a hard iron boss, useful also for offensive purposes. They wear a fine quality tunic, in addition to fell trousers, leggings and hardened leather boots. A focale scarf helps with chaffing of the mail against the neck, and their belt will have been a wide, bronze decorated military belt.
As the nobles and their retinues from the leading tribes of the Alemanni Confederation, these men are the cream of the warrior nobility. They will fare wall in most engagements, being equally matched against most heavy infantry, having the best of arms and armour and the military experience to make good use of them. Medium and heavy cavalry may take the upper hand only if charging these men down, as even in a protracted melee, their shields and their swords will prove useful against even the most armoured of cavalrymen. This is especially useful as these men will have been expected to lead from the front, with the rest of their warrior brothers, usually at the forefront of an armoured column known as the caput porcinum or "boar's head" first described by Tacitus in the 1st century A.D, and which the Romans may have copied. With the more well armed and armoured men in the front and the lesser following behind, the column charged and smashed into the ranks of the enemy, concentrating on a single point and hoping to carry all before them. Only the most professional and well-trained and led armies were able to resist them, a testament to its effectiveness.
Stranγaz Akwiz-Manwaz Wōđinaz
Stranγaz Akwiz-Manwaz Wōđinaz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "The mighty axe men of Wōden". These men represent a specific warrior class in Germanic tribal society, that of the devotees to the ancient, bloody war God of the Germans, Wōđinaz, known today as Wōden or Wotan. Enjoying a close relationship with the Alemanni, they may even have been members of the Semnone tribe, which were known to have "groves of fetters" or "sacred groves" in which human sacrifice took place, where an ancient and bloodthirsty war god was worshiped, whom may have presumably been Wōđinaz. These men are also known as Ulfheðnar or “men clad in wolf skins”, which they wear in abundance. Whatever the case, these warriors will have been religious fanatics whom have devoted themselves utterly to their war god, and as such, live only to serve him in battle. In later centuries, such men would have been known as the "Hamrarmmr" in Old Norse, meaning “those who change form” or “enter a state of wild fury” and “shapestrong”. All share a common trait - a state of wild, reckless rage employed by a small cadre of nearly superhumanly built men who more often than not wielded equally huge weapons. In common folklore, they are often known simply as "berserkers". What these warriors do share in common, besides their fearsome reputations, are their skill in weaponry, whether sporting swords, axes or spears, their signature fighting style – a nearly uncontrollable, trance-like fury – and a reckless disregard for pain and their own lives. Historically, most were said to achieve this state either through a combination of drugs, alcohol or mental conditioning (or all three) in addition to working themselves into a rage before battle. Whatever the case, these men were fanatical, bloodthirsty warriors who were as likely to inspire awe in their allies as they were dread in their enemies.
Traditionally, the "wilder" versions of these devoted tribal warriors would have been significantly less well armoured, with many fighting in the nude. However, given the somewhat more "civilized" nature of the Alemanni confederation, and the advantages conferred to such a cadre of bloodthirsty warriors in the form of armour, these men have decided to equip their order with heavy suits of mail, either plundered from their dead foes or given as gifts by lords hoping to secure their favour (and service) within their warbands. The wolf-skins are present, as they hope to emulate the mythical wolf's speed and guile in combat. While they wear shields, they sling these over their backs, needing both hands to wield their large, double headed axes, in addition to having a long iron sword as a backup weapon - the signature weapon of any proud warrior. A heavy iron spangehelm helmet protects them further, making these men truly monstrous, savage killers on the field.
These men are often simply best pointed towards the enemy and unleashed into a state of blind rage as shock troops whose only purpose is to carve and hack a bloody hole in an enemy line, splitting men in half from skull to breastbone, with little regard for the concepts of pain, fear, mercy or restraint. Many were said to fight on with their bare hands, biting down on shields and attacking their enemies tooth and nail, in addition to being impervious to both “fire and iron” – probably an allusion to their resistance to pain and great stamina and endurance. Given these particular and peculiar traits, they would have been rare, expensive and difficult to replace, so the Alemanni King should use them wisely.
Gadulingaz Druhtinaz Alnaz-Manwōz
Gadulingaz Druhtinaz Alnaz-Manwōz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Companions and nobles of the King of the Alemanni". These men will have been the elite of the Alemanni tribal confederacy, providing the immediate bodyguard and companions (or Comitatus as it would become known classically) of the Alemanni King himself. This particular set of nobles will have been the immediate kinsmen, family members, friends, sworn warriors and lesser nobility of the king's entourage, and directly at the top of the Germanic patronage and friendship structure, which was a special case of clientage and the direct source of the practice of feudalism. It involved a wholesale exchange between a social superior and inferior, with the vassal pleading military service and protection to the lord, whom in return rewarded his client with land, compensation, and many other privileges. As the senior companions in the entire Alemanni realm, however, protecting the king himself, the benefits of being in the immediate warrior companions of the king will have been immense - these men will have frequently been princes, lords themselves, earls, and chieftains of entire tribes and cantons They will have owned vast tracts of land and had the fealty of many lesser nobles pledged to themselves, in addition to owning great amounts of slaves and wealth. Such wealth by itself will have guaranteed them access to high quality weapons and armour, though the King's patronage will have provided them with the best of everything.
As the immediate companions of the King, these men will have worn expensively dyed, embroidered, highly decorated tunics in the Roman manner, as is attested by grave goods, in addition to extremely fine leather belts, with intricately engraved bronze and silver plate-work, depicting various motifs or even ritual scenes. Their armour, a suit of mail or scale, will have been of the highest quality, possibly silvered, reaching to their knees as would become customary in later centuries in Germanic warfare, with a highly decorated, reinforcedspangehelm helmet, inlaind in gold or silver, with a reinforced nasal, which may have itself been inlaid or engraved. They wield the archetypal weapons of Germanic aristocratic warriors, the spear and sword, both of which will have been made of the finest iron, with the swords of the nobles showing excellent metalworking, being carefully patterned, with exquisite pommels and beautifully decorated scabbards. They wear leggings, in addition to sturdy, hardened leather boots. Their shield depicts an emblem of the king's companions, and has the usual iron boss, though the shield may have been edged in bronze or painted leather.
These men present the elite of Alemanni warrior tradition, and will fair well against all opponents unless significantly outnumbered. Their spears will keep cavalry at bay, while up close their swords and armour which is second to none will cut through most infantry in melee. As the King, he will be expected to join the fight at its thickest, and lead from the front, in the traditional Germanic custom. This obviously presents great risks, but then, his bodyguard is the best equipped in the land, and well suited for such a task. At the head of the caput porcinum armoured column as described by Tacitus, the King and his retinue will be at the thick of the fight, with their armoured nobles pressing in from the sides, pressing in on a single point of the enemy line, hoping to break it.
Yazðaz-Manwaz Swēbaz
Yazðaz-Manwaz Swēbaz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Pikemen of the Suebi". The Suebi were an ancient and large group of Germanic peoples, first mentioned by Julius Caesar during the 1st century B.C, as the largest and most warlike of the Germanic tribes, occupying more than half of Germany, originating from around the Baltic Sea and the river Elbe. They were apparently migratory, not relying on agriculture. By the 3rd century A.D however, they were one of the principal tribal elements responsible in forming a new tribal confederation which was to become known as the Alemanni or "Alnaz-Manwōz". By this time they had migrated (with and as part of the Alemanni) to the former frontier limes of the Romans in the Agri Decumates, where they formed their new homeland. To this day, the area is known as Swabia and the people are known in Germany are still called Schwaben, both named derived from the Suebi. As such, they can be said to be one of the founding tribes of the Alemanni confederation, and arguably one of the most important. They are represented here as representing a cross section of Suebi warrior tradition, composed of young and old skilled warriors alike, and still very much connected to their central and eastern Germanic roots.
This is further demonstrated in their preference for relatively archaic, angular shields, with a rounded iron boss and long spine, very rare indeed for this period, and reminiscent of an earlier age. Their spears are stout and made of ash, poplar or beech, and have wide, broad leafed iron heads. They wear simple dyed tunics, and the typical "suebian knot" of hair which is common among their tribesmen. Their beards are long and unkempt, unlike most western Germanic warriors, whom were clean shaved except for a thing mustache. Simple trousers such as those found in the Thorsberg bog and felt leggings protect them against the cold, with a simple leather belt with brass fittings. As secondary weapons, they sport small, iron axes. Their feet are kept warm and protected from the elements with simple leather boots.
These men will have formed the bulk of the warriors of the Suebian tribe, and as such a numerable and important element of the Alemanni confederacy. They are, arguably, wilder and less restrained than most Western Germanic peoples, and may thus be more difficult for an Alemanni king to control on the field of battle. Their tactics are time-tested and effective, a simple charge into the enemy ranks, hoping to break through by blunt force and shear savagery. They could perform well at the head of a column, or even at the flanks, where their large spears will kelp keep cavalry at bay. Against missiles however, they will fare poorly, and should thus be supported by other types of infantry.
Ðruχtiz Swēbaz
Ðruχtiz Swēbaz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Suebi Warband". The Suebi were an ancient and large group of Germanic peoples, first mentioned by Julius Caesar during the 1st century B.C, as the largest and most warlike of the Germanic tribes, occupying more than half of Germany, originating from around the Baltic Sea and the river Elbe. They were apparently migratory, not relying on agriculture. By the 3rd century A.D however, they were one of the principal tribal elements responsible in forming a new tribal confederation which was to become known as the Alemanni or "Alnaz-Manwōz". By this time they had migrated (with and as part of the Alemanni) to the former frontier limes of the Romans in the Agri Decumates, where they formed their new homeland. To this day, the area is known as Swabia and the people are known in Germany are still called Schwaben, both named derived from the Suebi. As such, they can be said to be one of the founding tribes of the Alemanni confederation, and arguably one of the most important. They are represented here as representing the younger, unproven and more reckless of Suebian warriors, hoping perhaps to impress with deeds of valour and courage, wishing to join one of the retinues of the nobles, or simply to exercise his skill in war.
Given their position, they are comparably less well equipped and armed than most of their neighbors, sporting a handful of bronze butted, iron angular shaped javelins, in addition to their main spear or framea made of ash or maple, with a leaf shaped iron head. They also carry a small round shield with an iron boss, allowing him some staying power in the field if bogged down in a melee - another opportunity to prove oneself. They wear the signature tribal knot of the Suevians in their hair, a proud reminder of their warrior roots. Besides these, they make use of thick woolen trousers, held up by a wide, bronze plated belt, leggings, enclosed leather boots and two sets of tunics, which they wear one over the other due to the colder Germanic weather.
Inevitably, his greenness, impetuousness but more importantly - their lack of armour will have the better of them in prolonged fighting against professional infantry and most types of cavalry. A such, a wise Alemanni King will either place them with other, mightier types of infantry, or form them up behind the main thrust, where they can deliver hails of javelins overhead into the ranks of the enemy.
Dugunthiz Wrakjōnes Swēbaz
Dugunthiz Wrakjōnes Swēbaz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "The capable or experienced warriors of the Suebi". The Suebi were an ancient and large group of Germanic peoples, first mentioned by Julius Caesar during the 1st century B.C, as the largest and most warlike of the Germanic tribes, occupying more than half of Germany, originating from around the Baltic Sea and the river Elbe. They were apparently migratory, not relying on agriculture. By the 3rd century A.D however, they were one of the principal tribal elements responsible in forming a new tribal confederation which was to become known as the Alemanni or "Alnaz-Manwōz". By this time they had migrated (with and as part of the Alemanni) to the former frontier limes of the Romans in the Agri Decumates, where they formed their new homeland. To this day, the area is known as Swabia and the people are known in Germany are still called Schwaben, both named derived from the Suebi. As such, they can be said to be one of the founding tribes of the Alemanni confederation, and arguably one of the most important. This group represents a particular sect of the Suebi warrior aristocracy, devoted solely to the worship of their war-god. These warriors will have been religious fanatics whom have devoted themselves utterly to their chosen war god, and as such, live only to serve him in battle. In later folklore, these men would become known as the "berserkers" for their propensity to fight almost in the nude (or entirely nude in some cases) and with almost superhuman strength, gained through meditation, heavy alcohol and drug intoxication, or a combination of both. A common trait was described as a a state of wild, reckless rage, and a nearly uncontrollable, trance-like fury with and a reckless disregard for pain and their own lives.
Given their central and eastern European roots, these men have foregone the tradition among the Western Germanic sects of their cult of wearing armour, and fight in the old style of the Gallic Gaesatae (said to be Hannibal’s favourite mercenaries) and the Tindonatae of the Galatians, both of which reportedly fought nude and under a drug induced fury, being impervious to pain. Here they wear simple trousers tied at the waist with a rope of hemp or twisted linen, in addition to a simple woolen cloak, to protect only from the weather. These men will have been outcasts, exiles, criminals, religious fanatics or simply warriors and nobles of all rungs of society, young and old, seeking to prove themselves in accordance to extremely ancient customs. The more peculiar and perhaps disturbing habits of these men (as Tacitus describes of one group) can be witnessed in the drinking of the blood of enemies, perhaps even their own blood, possibly cannibalism, self-mutilation, and of course: howling. Their favoured weapons are the iron sword and axe, with which they can carve a hole through the enemy line, even through armour.
To an Alemanni King, these men are best employed as shock troops - pointed towards the enemy and unleashed. Their terrible war cries, intimidating visages and apparent imperviousness to pain is sure to unnerve even the most disciplined foes. They will suffer against javelins, which may end their charge before it begins, given that they wear no armour. As such, they should be used carefully.
Hiγ Ridanz Alnaz-Manwōz
Hiγ Ridanz Alnaz-Manwōz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Fast riders of the Alemanni". As a tribe with close contact with the Romans and other tribes which favoured cavalry (at least more so than most other tribes at the time) they will have appreciated its use on the battlefield, even if in a light, screening role. This group represents a unit of lesser nobles, earls and canton chieftains wealthy enough to possess horses, either through wealth and prestige, or plunder and looting. They will have been relatively experienced, though many will have been raiders and the squires and retainers of their lords proper.*Their experience will have varied, and some may have been accustomed to serving as Roman auxiliaries at some point, as many Germanic tribesmen were enlisted into the Roman ranks.
Traditionally, the Germanic tribesmen preferred to fight on foot, with there being accounts of nobles and other lords dismounting before engaging in battle. However, cavalry has always featured to some extent in Germanic warfare, more so from the 3rd century onwards. Those tribes closest to the Romans will have appreciated its tactical use, and habitually mixed light infantry with cavalry, posing something of a tactical headache for the Romans. These men represent those horsemen, the "light riders" whose job will have been to harass and disrupt the enemy line, shouting and strafing at the enemy, throwing javelins and hoping to draw the enemy out or tire out heavier cavalry. As such, they are lightly armed and armoured. Their horses are nimble and medium bodied, with Germanic horses enjoying a good reputation, and they sit upon a simple wood and hardened leather saddle, which may have been raised at the front to allow the rider to lean forward while throwing a javelin. They wear simple wool tunics with felt trousers and leggings, in addition to an enclosed leather boot. Their spear will have been of ash or maple, long and with a broad leafed iron head, and in addition to this they will have carried a clutch of short throwing framea javelins, together with a short, rounded shield.
As experienced Alemanni riders, these men will perform well in the screening and harassing roles traditional to their type of cavalry. It will have been the type of warfare they will have been most accustomed to, and thus should be used accordingly. To a prospective paymaster, these men will form an important element of their lighter forces, being useful in pursuing routing enemies, or distracting heavier cavalry. Given their lack of armour, they will be particularly vulnerable to missiles, and will suffer in prolonged melee action.
Húsa Wrakjōnes Variscōnes
Húsa Wrakjōnes Variscōnes are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Horse warriors of the Varisti". The Varisti, whom were also known as the Naristi, were a Germanic tribe which inhabited the Danube between the Hermunduri at its source, and the Marcomanni and Quadi in modern Bohemia. They were reportedly destroyed by the campaigns of Marcus Aurelius late in the 2nd Century A.D, and here their defeated ancestors are represented as one of the subjugated tribes of the Alemanni. They will have been composed of lesser nobles and earls, squires and other warriors, whom have taken to fighting on horseback, and become rather proficient at it. Their experience will have varied, and some may have been accustomed to serving as Roman auxiliaries at some point, especially as the most of the Varisti tribesmen were said to have been deported to within the empire. It is possible some and their descendents returned to their homeland after their period as laeti (allies) and auxiliaries expired.
Traditionally, the Germanic tribesmen preferred to fight on foot, with there being accounts of nobles and other lords dismounting before engaging in battle. However, cavalry has always featured to some extent in Germanic warfare, more so from the 3rd century onwards. Those tribes closest to the Romans will have appreciated its tactical use, and habitually mixed light infantry with cavalry, posing something of a tactical headache for the Romans. These men represent those horsemen, the "riders" whose job will have been to harass and disrupt the enemy line, shouting and strafing at the enemy, throwing javelins and hoping to draw the enemy out or tire out heavier cavalry. As such, they are lightly armed and armoured. Their horses are nimble and medium bodied, with Germanic horses enjoying a good reputation, and they sit upon a simple wood and hardened leather saddle, which may have been raised at the front to allow the rider to lean forward while throwing a javelin. They wear simple wool tunics with felt trousers and leggings, in addition to an enclosed leather boot. Their spear will have been of ash or maple, long and with a broad leafed iron head, and in addition to this they will have carried a clutch of short throwing framea javelins, together with a short, rounded shield.
As Varisti tribesmen, sworn to a foreign lord, they will give a good account of themselves on the field, but if pressed hard, will flee sooner rather than later, given their light arms and armour. In any case, only a foolish Alemanni King would throw away their valuable skills by throwing them away at a reckless charge, or allowing themselves to become bogged down in a melee with superior cavalry. They are best employed on the flanks, as skirmishers, and to run down routing enemies.
Yazðaz Húsa Erloz
Yazðaz Húsa Erloz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Pike bearing horse earls". Here, the "pike" refers to the above average length of their long spears, employed specifically for the purpose of a cavalry charge. As such, these men are best understood as an early version of the eponymous "lancers" of later ages. The Alemanni, and the many tribes that composed it, shared a long and complicated relationship with the Romans, frequently warring, trading and serving as auxiliaries in their army. As such, they will have come to increasingly appreciate the role of cavalry as a shock force, able to break and pursue enemies, in addition to their traditional duties as screening and harassing forces. Some scholars have argued that indeed, among the Alemanni and the Franks, an increasing amount of "Romanisation" can be observed, not only in terms of urbanisation and the adoption of dress and Roman customs, but also in the use and change of their military forces and certain tactics. Cavalry becomes more prevalent, as does certain weapons such as the angon and light framea, throwing spears resembling the ubiquitous Roman pilum. Whatever the case, these men represent an arm of the Alemanni warriors devoted to the role of a light shock force, armed with heavy, long spears, with the aim of charging into breaches and possible weak-spots, before retreating and regrouping, a tactic much favoured the Romans and their own mounted auxiliaries. This unit will have been composed of the earls of many of the cantons (hence their name), lesser nobles' retinues, discharged auxiliary veterans, or experienced mounted warriors given a specific task to accomplish. Their ages, training, and level of experience will have varied.
While the Germanic tribes traditionally eschewed mounted combat, the Alemannu, having realised its potential, have begun to employ cavalry in heavier roles. The horse will have been a slightly heavier boned, larger breed able to support the increasing amounts of arms and armour employed by the rider, and as such will have been slower than their nimbler brethren. The saddle will have been a simple four horned, wood and hardened leather frame, possibly clothed over. The rider himself is protected by a simple planked shield with an iron boss, painted over in elaborate tribal designs. He wears a typical spangehelm helmet, carried on from previous service with the Romans, or forged specifically for the noble himself. Likewise, he carries a long charging spear, the "pike", with a broad leafed iron head. He wears a simple, dyed woolen tunic, in addition to trousers - a necessary garment for riding due to the chaffing - and leggings, over enclosed, leather boots.
As riders with one single purpose, that of charging exposed or weaker parts of the enemy line, these men should be used accordingly. They will have been expensive to recruit and maintain, and for the wise Alemanni King, an invaluable assets on the battlefield, if used at the right moment and in the right place. They will suffer against missiles and lighter cavalry, being unable to respond in kind, and their heavier mounts will make them somewhat slower. They lack of armour will make them vulnerable in a prolonged melee, but then again, they should not be allowed to find themselves in one. Their purpose is to support lighter and heavier cavalry, exploiting breaches and running down weakened and demoralised foes which will break before a sustained cavalry charge sooner rather than later.
Húsa Gadulingaz Aþalaz Kantōn
Húsa Gadulingaz Aþalaz Kantōn are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Horse companions of the canton nobles". These riders represent some of the wealthiest and most important nobles and aristocracy of the Alemanni tribal confederacy, being the chieftains and nobles of the various cantons, brought together to fight as a highly mobile and effective force of cavalrymen. While traditionally Germanic tribesmen spurned the horse in favour of leading on foot, at the front of an armoured column which the Romans called the "caput porcinum" or "boar's head", around this time many of the Western Germanic tribes began to appreciate the value of heavily armoured horsemen acting in a shock role. While the kings and higher nobles proper would only take to fighting on horses many centuries earlier (becoming the fore bearers of the famous knights) this time saw a general increase in the mounted nobility, especially around the more eastern tribes (such as the Goths and Gepics) but also among the Alemanni and Franks. Scholars argue a general "Romanisation" of these tribes may have been responsible for impressing upon them the use of heavy cavalry, if not the continues centuries of warfare with the Romans in general. As such, these men represent the cream of the warrior aristocracy, whom have taken to fighting on horseback, providing a valuable element on the battlefield to the Alemanni King. They may be looked down by the older, more traditional nobles whom still prefer to fight on foot, but these men see past such prejudices, knowing full well that death can be delivered equally as efficiently (if not more) from the back of a mount. Such a group will have been made up of young and old nobles alike, their squires, earls, retinues and sworn bodyguard. Bards may have accompanied from the rear, their presence testifying to the eventual glorification of their lords if they are brave or unflatteringly if they demonstrate cowardice.
As some of the wealthiest men and lords of the Alemanni realm, these men are able to purchase the best equipment and the finest mounts. Their horses will have been especially bred (or imported from Rome or other tribes with a history of horse-breeding) for the purpose of the charge and supporting heavily armoured riders, being large and heavy boned, and therefore slower than most Germanic mounts. They will dress in fine tunics, heavily embroidered and possibly even fringed in gold, as attested in Frankish graves, copying the Roman fashion. Belts will have been wide and carried brass plates, intricately carved and possibly silvered, as were their scabbards. Trousers may have been of linen or other fine material, and their boots will have been both comfortable and durable. Their swords will have been elaborated crafted, made from the finest pattern welded iron, with ringed or chestnut pommels, of brass or even gold, and sometimes jeweled. They wear fine spangehelm helmets, gilded and possibly featuring embossed nasals and cheek-plates. Their shield is round, and features an elaborately engraved boss, with the shield being painted over in colourful tribal designs. Over their finely crafted and well maintained suit of mail, they carry a bright red cloak, the symbol of their noble status, and a means of distinction on the battlefield.
As some of the most important nobles in the Alemanni kingdom, these men are both rare and extremely expensive to maintain - they are, after all, maintained and supplied by the king himself, as they have sworn oaths of loyalty and fealty to him, and are thus under his patronage. Likewise, they should not be wasted in the battlefield. Their numbers will be small, but their effect can be disproportionate. Being heavily armoured and possessing heavy horses, they will make good shock cavalry, especially in the melee that follows. Their lack of spears will lessen their charge, but if used in conjunction with lancers proper, they may finish off an already demoralised enemy. Or they may be employed directly against similar heavily armoured cavalry, where they will perform well. An Alemanni King will find these men among his most important assets on the battlefield.
Harjaz Aþalaz
Harjaz Aþalaz are Proto-Germanic words translating loosely as "Army nobles". Besides the King himself, who is represented here, these men will have been the immediate "officers" in charge of leading the various warbands and army units, entourages, warrior clans and various other "units" of the Alemanni army. As such, they will have varied immensely in rank, prestige and wealth, depending on what band they led. While little is known about the organisational structure of the Germanic armies, later documents allow us to gain certain insights. A Ðruχtiz or warband is thought to have been composed of a few hundred to under a thousand tribesmen, and the Alemanni are reported to have recruited between one hundred and two hundred men per canton, and it was said there were a hundred or so cantons in the Alemanni realm. Such figures may be exagerated, but they do give an idea of how many able-bodied men such a tribe would be able to levy. Similarly, in later centuries, posts appear in the Frankish military similar to those of the Romans, such as centenarius, someone in charge of a hundred men, and so on. This indicates an increasing level of sophistication and organisational structuring among Germanic armies, begging around this time. As Germanic tribes often fought together, either in warbands or gathered clans, and were usually led by their immediate ranking family member, chieftain, noblemen or king, these men represent all the chieftains, nobles and their retinues, such as the standard bearers and other totem carriers.
As a diverse bunch, their weapons and armour will have varied, ranging from a simple tunic, to quilted armour or even mail. Scale also appears to have been somewhat prevalent among nobles, so some may take preference to it. The King himself will obviously have worn and armoured himself with only the best, much like his immedidate bodyguard. Weapons will have ranged from swords of variable quality, to axes and spears, once more, changing depending on the warband being led into battle. Shields may have been used, and will have been of the default planked wood construction, with a pointed boss which could be used in a punching motion. Standards will have carried the symbols and motifs of each tribe, with crescents and stars being popular among the Germans, in addition to the eponymous chained triangle motif favoured by the Alemanni.
In battle, these men will have been expected to lead from the front, with the rest of their warrior brothers, usually at the forefront of an armoured column known as the caput porcinum or "boar's head" first described by Tacitus in the 1st century A.D, and which the Romans may have copied. With the more well armed and armoured men in the front and the lesser following behind, the column charged and smashed into the ranks of the enemy, concentrating on a single point and hoping to carry all before them. Only the most professional and well-trained and led armies were able to resist them, a testament to its effectiveness. It goes without saying the loss of such men will immediately affect the morale of their units respective units, especially more so if the King himself were to fall.
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Preview IX: Sons of Wotan - The Alemanni
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More barbarians to be slaughtered by my roman legions.
Originally Posted by BroskiDerpman
