PERGAMON
The Kingdom of Pergamon was founded in 282 B.C. by Philethaerus, once follower of Lysimachus, one of the Diadochs of Alexender.
Philethaerus betrayed Lysimachus during his struggle against Seleucus, and after the death of Seleucus remaind faithful to the Seleucid empire.
Not being a totally indipendant kingdom, Pergamon however had a pratial independence, at least on its local administration.
Historically in 263 a.C. Pergamon became totally independant, probably thanks to the subterranean help of the Ptolemies, and his king Eumenes I defeated the Seleucid army of Antiochus I.
Pergamon was a well known mercenary haven, and lot of mecenaries came to Pergamon for being hired: Greeks from Southern Italy and Massilia, Celts, and obviouly the omnipresent "Neocretans".
ARMY LIST
Akontistai
Sphendonetai
Toxotai
Toxotai Neokretikoi
Peltastai Neokretikoi
Thyreophoroi Neokretikoi
Euzonoi Mysoi
Hippotoxotai Mysoi
Phalangitai Pergamonioi
Politikoi Hippeis
Politikoi Hippeis Xystophoroi
Akrobolistai Hippakontistai Tarentinoi
Epibatoi Pergamonioi
II b.C. troops
Thrakiai Katoikoi
Akontistai
Sphendonetai
Toxotai
The "Neocretan canon" was a standard model for a lot of greek warriors, expecially from the isles and the Western and Southern Anatolian coastline.
It consisted in a light equipment (compared to the hoplite one), that favoured skirmish or in any case a maneuverable approach to the fight.
Infantry with different kind of thyreos shield, peltast-like skirmishers and archers were all aspects of different "Neocretan" warriors.
Toxotai Neokretikoi
Peltastai Neokretikoi
Thyreophoroi Neokretikoi
Akin to Lydians, Carians and Phrygians, the Mysians were considered by the Greeks as "barbarians", even if deeply hellenized.
Their homeland, Mysia, that bordered with Bithynia, was under the direct control of Pergamon, and it was estimate that 40% of the army of Pergamon was composed by Mysians levies (E. V. HANSEN, "The Attalids of Pergamon"), both as medium-light infantry and horse archers .
Euzonoi Mysoi
Hippotoxotai Mysoi
Phalangitai Pergamonioi
Politikoi Hippeis
Politikoi Hippeis Xystophoroi
Akrobolistai Hippakontistai Tarentinoi
Epibatoi Pergamonioi
For being more or less a huge polis, Pergamon had not only a huge army but even a strong fleet: at Cyzicus, an island in the Propontis, actually in Mysia, there were two closed military seaports, that gave harbor around to 200 ships (Strabo, XII, 8).
II b.C. troops
Thrakiai Katoikoi
Being a huge recruitment point for mercenaries, Pergamon underwent to the Thracian katoikoi phenomenon as the rest of the seleucid area.