Dear AnthionusII,
Re: Herodotus
- I will only briefly summarize the following about Herodotus.
He is called the greatest liar in history - but I think it is his 'discoverer' Lorenzo Vall who is to blame. I'm not sure he was even a person. A single page manuscript from the 10th Century AD is all that can be independently verified as a work titled 'HERO DOTUS'.
There are then 8 additional single page works that have been, until recently, considered a part of this work, from the 11th-12th Centuries AD because they are written in a similar "fragments" or 'box prose' style. However its already been long established that this style was used by a number of tellers of Hero-ic legends: Diodorus (alleged 49 BC), Strabo (alleged 15 AD), Photius (alleged "897" AD).
The original script of Agatharchides, often has three widely varying readings or "fragments". This is instructive because Photius, who lived in the alleged "900" AD (the same time as the oldest manuscript of Herodotus) greatly changed. There were additional significant embellishments replete with his own comments of Agatharchides words when compared to the older versions of Diodorus and Strabo. Of course none of the three agree and indeed contain many differences, and this is connected to the Renaissance 'Humanist' dilemma in verifying the authenticity of Diodorus and Strabo as well.
'Photius' seems to stand as the only independently verified, circa 900 Ad historical source for works associated as that of 'Photius' - but the 900ad date is likely off by an order of 100-200 years due to feudal-property distortions made upon year-dates.
All the works originate from modern-day central Turkey aka Anatolia, Asia Minor.
The expanded work of Herodotus is a 15th century Italian Forgery. It was written by the infamous forger and late Renaissance 'Humanist' Lorenzo Valla.
Lorenzo Valla was a hired gun, a 'court historian' for the Piccolomini family. When the Piccolomini family encountered another wealthy/powerful family, and the claim over disputed Fiefs had to be argued before a Magistrate, Mr. Valla would miraculously 'discover' documents that were allegedly hundreds of years old which 'inserted' another patriarch or two of the Piccolomini family. This process when repeated a few times alone added about 100 years to 'Italian' history. Many families did this, all had their own court historians, and Italian history was thusly expanded several hundreds of years artificially.
The entire work of 'Herodotus' too was ordered by the Piccolomini family, based entirely on fiction outside the totally tattered and weather worn 'one page' HERO DOTUS from the alleged year 900ad, possibly by the actual 'Photius'. Photius, or Fotos I, was also the 'half' Cesaro-Pope of Synarchic rule in Constantinople and was a 'Khazar face' as most dark colored Serbs and Bulgarians and Greeks are, and was said to be of Armenian extraction, as were many other 'Roman' emperors.
The use of the round number date '900 AD' also raises questions. The additional 8 pages/parts considered part of Hero-dotus are interdependently established to be from the 11th and 12th centuries - or during the 1st - 3rd Crusades. Taken together with a real lack of any account of a 'Herodotus' before the 10th century AD, this relates to the proposition, once again, that the Peloponnesian Wars were in fact the Medieval Crusades.
Cardinal Francesco (Frankish) Todeschini (German) Piccolomini required this work to -among other things - establish Valla as a real historian, so that other of Valla's claims necessary to then present day Piccolomini claims to other people's lands would be considered legitimate in the eyes of the ruling Magistrate. Significantly, however, was the broader need to significantly lengthen the 'look and feel' of Italian history itself - in connection with the fictionalized 'Roman Empire' of the [A]Ittilic peninsula. The earliest independently verifiable 'Roman Empire' of the Attlic peninsula in my opinion places us in the period of Attila and/or Otto I and the proto-Holy Roman Empire of cis-trans-Alpine central Europe.
It was of such importance that the creation of this forgery was demanded upon Lorenzo Valla by none other than Pope Pius II. Pius II was hardly pious, and was himself a member of the Piccolomini 'mafia'. His infamously litigious nephew was the Cardinal Franesco Todeschini Piccolomini himself.
Thank you for your time and consideration,
XF Vanguard Trece