Originally Posted by
Jam3
A smoothbore musket is essentially a shotgun, theres alot of inaccuracy mainly in the fact that the game really represents the firing of a single ball from each musket when in reality your looking at several balls and potentialy pellets or buck. George Washington believed in a combination so much that he made the standard cartridge issue for the continental army "buck and ball" consisting of 2 balls and buckshot. A musket just like a shotgun is unbelievably deadly at 40 yards or less (which the game woefuly does not represent, think of the conical firing arc of a shotgun multiply that times aa few hundred men standing in close rank firing in a unison volley = pretty much everything in 40 yards is dead) but the ammunition can travel and penetrate human bone and flesh to around 400 yards ( the balls not the buck ). With range it lost penetrating power so your looking at the ideal compromise between range and accuracy at around 160 yards max effective range.
Now once you start talking rifles which were few and far between particularly in the european theatre until the mid to late 19th century you get into good accuracy at 400 yards in the right hands and penetrating power out to 600-800 yards.
160 yards was still "in the manual" during the civil war and although in some respects it was still relevant the rifling of muskets combined with the advent of the expanding barrel gripping "minnie" ball made the penetration range good to around 1200 yards. Thats why while the fighting was still age of rifles close being behind the lines you could still get hit and killed from a stray shot.