WW1 RESEARCH THREAD **QUOTES NEEDED**

**Piledriver2311** · October 21, 2010, 07:22 PM

If you are interested in helping out TGW with research of varying types, visit the following thread for more information:
http://www.twcenter.net/forums/showthread.php?t=468295

INFORMATION THAT YOU HAVE OF WW1 IS APPRECIATED - PLEASE POST IT IF IT IS NEW.
This thread is meant for the TGW's team members benefit so they can use this thread to find something if they're making unit stats, adding portraits, etc. However, other people who simply want to read about WW1 can use it too, since the articles will include general information as well.

Within this archive you may find some bolded words, these words are bolded for the TGW team. Information is bolded when it can be used ingame, for example, general history will not be bolded, but fire rates of weapons or bullet sizes will be bolded.

MISCELLANEOUS
firstworldwar.com - This site is extremely good for research, as it is a reliable website that has many pages for different things.
http://firstworldwar.com/photos/royalty.htm - A list of photographs taken of worldwide royalty during WW1. This should be used for portraits of leaders of certain nations.

ENTENTE (ALLIES)

GREAT BRITAIN

FRENCH THIRD REPUBLIC (OR THIRD REPUBLIC OF FRANCE)

RUSSIAN EMPIRE

KINGDOM OF BELGIUM

CIVIC GUARD

BELGIAN LANCERS

EVOLUTION OF UNIFORM 1914-18

LUXEMBOURG GENDARME ET DE VONLONTAIRES

Kingdom of Serbia

Here are several images of Serbian Infantry, Though I do not know the units as of yet, please if you have the unit names, let me know and they will go up on this post! The infantry's uniforms differ alot, im assuming indicating they were from different regions of serbia.

SERBIAN INFANTRY

LATE SERBIAN INFANTRY AND CALVARY

SERBIAN INFANTRY AND OFFICER WITH EQUIPMENT

KNJAZ MILOSH INFANTRY

SERBIAN INFANTRY AND OFFICER

KINGDOM OF ITALY

EMPIRE OF JAPAN

Kingdom of Greece

GREEK SCOUTS/SNIPERS

GREEK INFANTRY OFFICER

GREEK ITALIAN VOLUNTEER OFFICER

GREEK HELLENIC MARINES

GREEK EVZONE INFANTRY

GREEK CRETAN GENDARME

GREEK DRAGOONS

Kingdom of Romania

VARIOUS ROMANIAN UNIFORMS

ROMANIAN CALVARY

ROMANIAN BORDER GUARD INFANTRY SERVICE UNIFORM ON LEFT

ROMANIAN RIFLE INFO SOURCE
http://www.hungariae.com/Mann93.htm

United states of America

28th KEYSTONE INFANTRY MEN OF IRON

Portugal
Portuguese uniforms are hard to come by. In the outbreak, the 1914 Uniform was a Dark blue, with light Gray trousers, similar in appearance to the french uniform, aside from the red trousers. Instead of Kepis, they wore small service caps. Altough I can't find early uniform pictures online, I've seen a picture of an early Portuguese uniform of a "Cassador" it was a brown top, tunic or trench coat, with light gray trousers, and the hat was a beret light gray in color.

The Portuguese army, in 1914-15 had two uniform colors, varrying on where they were recruited. Men from the North wore a dark blue uniform, which you can see at the bottom of the roster for Portugal here. There was also a grey, with light blue.

PORTUGUESE COLONIAL CASSADORS

These soldiers are from 1910, though the Colonial Cassador uniform remained much the same in 1914, it was more simplified, though they still wore the hats. Being Cassadors, they were known for they're accuracy. Very good Anti-personell troops.

LATE PORTUGUESE OVER THE MOUNTAINS REGIMENT

This is an example of the "Over The Mountains Regiment" notice the khaki wrapped helmet, khaki belts. This was one of the most decorated units in the Portuguese army, It was the Regiment that Annibal Milhais was in, the most decorated soldier. This unit should have extremley high morale, as they fought until the last man at the battle of la lys so they're Scottish, and French counterparts could withdraw.

LATE PORTUGUESE REGULARS AND CONSCRIPTS

PORTUGUESE COLONIAL RIFLES

PRE-HELMET PORTUGUESE INFANTRY

1914 PORTUGUESE UNIFORM

EARLY PORTUGUESE OFFICER

LINK FOR PORTUGUESE HELMET

CENTRAL POWERS
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

AUSTRIAN ALBANIAN CORPS

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN SERVICE CAP

CONSCRIPT UNIFORM

VIENNA REGIMENT UNIFORM

German Empire

Stormtroopers

GERMAN JAGERS OF THURUNGIA

Jagers on the bottom picture.
Notice the Shakos, very important

the shakos matched the uniform, I believe they had a black feather on the top at times.

GERMAN LANDSTRUM

MORE LANDSTUM

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

EARLY IRSREALI RIFLES

ARABIAN RIFLES

TURKISH REGULARS

OFFICER, LATE TURKISH RIFLES, KURDISH RIFLES

OTTOMAN ISTANBUL FIRE BRIGADE

KINGDOM OF BULGARIA

NEUTRAL POWERS

DENMARK

DANISH REGULAR AND OFFICER SPARING

DANISH REGULARS 1915 UNIFORM IN MIDDLE

DANISH OFFICERS

DANISH BICYCLE INFANTRY

DANISH GARDER INFANTRY

Norway

NORWEIGAN SKI TROOPS

NORWEIGAN INFANTRY

NORWEIGAN OFFICER

NORWEIGAN KADET INFANTRY

NORWEIGAN JAEGERS

NORWEIGAN GUARDS

Switzerland

SWISS REGULARS

SWISS GRENADIERE

SWISS ARTILLERY

SWISS BORDER SKIRMISHERS

SWISS OFFICER HELMET

SWISS INFANTRY

SWISS INFANTRY COLOR

INFANTRY COLOR 2

SPAIN

SPANISH OFFICER WITH KEPI

SPANISH CAZADORES

SPANISH CALVARY

SPANISH UNIFORMS

Sweden

SWEDISH INFANTRY

SWEDISH INFANTRY AND CALVARY UNIFORMS

NETHERLANDS

DUTCH KEPI AND HELMET

DUTCH INFANTRY

DUTCH DRAGOONS

LAND WEAPONRY

RIFLES

MACHINE GUNS

ARTILLERY

SUBMACHINE GUNS

SEA WEAPONRY

SHIPS

INFANTRY UNITS

GENERALS

CENTRAL POWERS

**Icey Fresh Werewolf** · October 22, 2010, 03:06 PM

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

**Piledriver2311** · October 22, 2010, 10:22 PM

http://firstworldwar.com/atoz/mgun_hotchkiss.htm French machinegun. alot of problems, including exposed pieces. prone to dirt getting into many parts of the gun, jamming it. however, it was a fairly mobile piece.

Serbian artillery should be the same as French artillery, Serbia purchased alot of them before the onset of the war, many the highly mobile 75mm's. Serbia also purchased rifles from Germany before the war.

The BAR (Browning Automatic Rifle) was used for a short time in 1918 by U.S. troops.

Misc.
Italian troops wore the Adrian helmet, made by France.
Portuguese troops wore Helmets purchased from Britain.

**King Sama** · October 25, 2010, 02:21 PM

Very nice info so far. And don't forget to tell us when you add new info

**a tw player** · October 25, 2010, 03:43 PM

I decided to read the naval link and, in the first paragraph, it says this:

"With the outbreak of war in 1914 Britain had the most powerful navy. The only 2 other considerable navies in the war at the time were France and Germany. But both of them were still inferior to the Royal British Navy. The British upheld this superiority until America joined in mid-1917."

The British fleet was still much much larger than the American fleet at the time. If I recall correctly, the US contributed about ~4 dreadnoughts to the North Atlantic which, though would obviously help if another major engagement after Jutland occurred, was still dwarfed in comparison with the huge British fleet; roughly 5x bigger.

PS - Agree with Sama, some useful info in here still

**familyguy1** · October 25, 2010, 04:02 PM

Originally Posted by a tw player

I decided to read the naval link and, in the first paragraph, it says this:

"With the outbreak of war in 1914 Britain had the most powerful navy. The only 2 other considerable navies in the war at the time were France and Germany. But both of them were still inferior to the Royal British Navy. The British upheld this superiority until America joined in mid-1917."

The British fleet was still much much larger than the American fleet at the time. If I recall correctly, the US contributed about ~4 dreadnoughts to the North Atlantic which, though would obviously help if another major engagement after Jutland occurred, was still dwarfed in comparison with the huge British fleet; roughly 5x bigger.

PS - Agree with Sama, some useful info in here still

Also....the British still slightly feared the German Battle Fleet, at least until Jutland, also dont forget the subs and the commerce raiders(made shipping a living hell in the Pacific).

Good resource for various types of WW1 material: Weapons etc.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWweapons.htm

**crossjon** · October 25, 2010, 05:04 PM

Can anyone find an elite/guard unit for spain for me? I can't find one.
+rep for you if you do.

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

**Piledriver2311** · October 25, 2010, 06:47 PM

Well, in the early 1900's there, in the philipines, during the revolt against the spanish the spaniards had crack infantry called " Royal Spanish Infantry ". http://jibraelangel2blog.blogspot.co...-filipino.html (for more info).
one, colorfully named calvary unit " His majesty's Royal Spanish Calvary".

Spain also had units of zouaves, these zouaves wore grey trousers. Instead of a fez, or other types of hats worn by zouaves of other nations, Spain's zouaves wore berets, of basque influence. Officers wore a blue grey short jacket.

**crossjon** · October 25, 2010, 06:57 PM

Originally Posted by Cassador de evora

Well, in the early 1900's there, in the philipines, during the revolt against the spanish the spaniards had crack infantry called " Royal Spanish Infantry ". http://jibraelangel2blog.blogspot.co...-filipino.html (for more info).
one, colorfully named calvary unit " His majesty's Royal Spanish Calvary".

Also, much like the French, the Spanish have a "forgien legion" and still exisits today.

Spain also had units of zouaves, however i don't know the uniform color they would have had.

Thanks, but as i'm no longer a team member I don't need this. And sama already suggested the forgien Legion; it was founded in 1920.

**King Sama** · October 25, 2010, 07:16 PM

Originally Posted by ♔crossjon♔

Thanks, but as i'm no longer a team member I don't need this. And sama already suggested the forgien Legion; it was founded in 1920.

Peace comrade, we will become victorious soon enough.

-Comrade King Sama

**The Hedge Knight** · October 25, 2010, 07:27 PM

Originally Posted by King Sama

Peace comrade, we will become victorious soon enough.

-Comrade King Sama

Vive la revolution mes compagnons!

Compagnon Hedge Knight!

**RNV** · October 26, 2010, 07:25 AM

For the Regia Marina (the Royal Italian Navy)

Official site of he Italian Navy
http://www.marina.difesa.it/storia/Almanacco/navi000.asp

It is in Italian, but there are a lot of pictures and schemes of the ships

.

And this for the sub-machinegun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVP_(firearm)

sorry no image.

**Piledriver2311** · October 26, 2010, 02:03 PM

Originally Posted by RNVITTORIOVENETO

For the Regia Marina (the Royal Italian Navy)

Official site of he Italian Navy
http://www.marina.difesa.it/storia/Almanacco/navi000.asp

It is in Italian, but there are a lot of pictures and schemes of the ships

.

And this for the sub-machinegun
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVP_(firearm)

sorry no image.

That italian gun was had two banana clips at the top, if you search further you'll find a picture.

**Icey Fresh Werewolf** · October 26, 2010, 02:35 PM

Thanks guys! Gonna update the OP a bit more.

**Piledriver2311** · October 26, 2010, 03:00 PM

Dont know if this has been put up yet, but Lebel rifles should be obviously in France and Belgium, as well as greece, Romania, and Serbia.

If theres any work on Ottoman units, most precieve the headwear ottoman soldiers wore was a helmet, it was not. It was cloth and wicker. Ottoman officers wore a tall fur hat. Ottoman uniforms were mostly all khaki color variants.

**Piledriver2311** · October 26, 2010, 03:14 PM

Info on Rifles:
Model 1886 Lebel Rifle (France): Effective range, 400 meters. 8 Round tube magazine.

Model 1898 Gewehr Rifle (German Empire): Effective range, 500 meters. 5 round clip in internal magazine.

Model 1895 Lee Enfield (Great Britian): Effective range, 503 meters. 10 round magazine.

Model 1903 Springfield (United States):Effective range 500 meters. 5 round clip, internal magazine.

**RNV** · October 27, 2010, 07:46 AM

If you need help with the translation from italian send me a pm

and for the italian sub-m.gun

http://www.berettaweb.com/Militari/Beretta_1918_30.htm

**Ulysses S. Grant** · October 27, 2010, 08:41 AM

Originally Posted by ♔crossjon♔

Can anyone find an elite/guard unit for spain for me? I can't find one.
+rep for you if you do.

Have you looked at these:

Spanish Royal Guard

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

Regulares

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

The Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas ("Indigenous Regular Forces"), known simply as the Regulares, were the volunteer infantry and cavalry units of the Spanish Army recruited in Spanish Morocco. They consisted of Moroccans officered by Spaniards.

The Regulares were first raised in 1911 as a "batallón indígena" of infantry. Their formation came at a time when Spain was expanding into the Moroccan hinterland from the long held coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. Previously use had been made of Moroccan auxiliaries as scouts and the designation of "regulars" appears to have been intended to distinguish the newly raised force as a permanent unit of the Spanish Army. Officers and some NCOs were seconded from Peninsular regiments.

From 1914 to 1922 the Regulares were expanded in numbers to five "Grupos" based respectively in Melilla, Tetuán, Ceuta, Alhucemas and Larache. While they remained predominantly infantry, recognition of Moroccans' skills as horsemen led to the establishment of cavalry "tábores" (squadrons). This mounted element of the Regulares was to remain a conspicuous feature throughout the period of Spanish rule.
The Moroccan troops generally remained loyal during the Rif War of the early 1920s, although there were reports of mutiny at Yat el Bax following the major Spanish defeat at the Battle of Annual (Spanish spelling) or Anwal (English spelling) in 1921. During this period the Regulares and the Spanish Legion ("Tercio") emerged as the elite corps of the Spanish Army - long-serving professionals on more or less continuous active service, attracting the best officers. These included the future dictator Francisco Franco who served initially with the Regulares (from 1913) before transferring to the newly raised Tercio (whose troops were mostly Spaniards) as second in command in 1920.

In 1923 a detachment of the Fuerzas Regulares de Ceuta mounted guard at the Royal Palace in Madrid, indicating the high profile achieved by the Moroccan troops. 1923 was the year in which the reactionary Gen. Miguel Primo de Rivera became dictator of Spain, ruling in the King's name. In 1934 cavalry and infantry of the Regulares were brought to peninsular Spain by the Republican Government to assist in the suppression of the rising by Asturian miners that year. The use of troops from Morocco (descendants of the Moors who ruled Spain for centuries) caused much critical comment both in Spain and internationally.

This website is also good if you want to see the uniforms of the Spanish army around the time of WW1:

http://balagan.org.uk/war/rif-wars/painting_guide.htm

**Piledriver2311** · October 27, 2010, 11:11 AM

German Generals: Erich Von Falkenhayne, Erich Ludendorf, Paul Von Hindenburg.

Other Generals: Canadian General, Jack Seely (led a calvary charge in 1918 to halt the German offensive)

U.S. General, John J. Pershing.

Belgian Generals: Latonnois van Rode, Leon De Witte, general Baix.

Portuguese: Gomes da Costa, Fernando Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva , Tomas Antonio Garcia Rosado.

Danish: Anders Gjedde Nyholm

Greek: Emmanouil Zymvrakakis

Italy: Luigi Cardona, Emanuele Filiberto

Spanish: Eduardo López Ochoa y Portuondo, Manuel Fernández Silvestre y Patinga, José Millán Astray

**Lusen** · October 30, 2010, 04:33 PM

Swedish infantry early 20 century.

The swedish king during ww1.

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