Nazi policy stressed the superiority of the
Nordic race, a sub-section of the
white European population defined by
anthropometric models of racial difference. From 1940 the
General Government in occupied Poland divided the population into different groups. Each group had different rights, food rations, allowed strips in the cities, separated residential areas, special schooling systems, public transportation and restricted restaurants. Later adapted in all Nazi-occupied countries by 1942, the Germanization program used the racial caste system of reserving certain rights to one group and barred privileges to another. In addition with their predominant religion and ethnicity per individual of that ethnic group or nationality. Listed from the most privileged to the least:[
citation needed]
- Germans from Germany (Reichsdeutsche) - Nordic Germans are said most favorable, but all German citizens are in the top category.
- Germans from outside, active ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche), honorary "Aryans" from Axis powers, European countries in Volksliste category 1 and 2 (see Volksdeutsche and Deutschstämmige).
- Germans from outside, passive Germans and members of families (Deutschstämmige), handicapped, political dissidents, common criminals in Volksliste category 3 and 4.
- Other Germanic peoples closely related to Germans (Norwegians, Danes, Swedes, Finland-Swedes [15], Estonian Swedes, Faroese, Flemings, Icelanders, English and the Dutch) but treated as categories 1 and 2 in most privileges, especially pro-Nazi sympathizers. Until 1942, the Greeks were included in this category by virtue of their being descendants of the Ancient Greeks.
- Italians (particularly from regions north of Rome, e.g. Tuscany, Lombardy, etc.), Spaniards (particularly Basques) and Portuguese were treated as category 1 and 2, especially pro-Nazi sympathizers (e.g. Fascist Italy, Francoist Spain, and Salazarist Portugal diplomats). Some Southern Italians were treated as least (Suspicion of miscegenation with African and Semitic peoples), but within the same category. The Greeks are included in this category after 1943, due to their strong anti-Nazi resistance movement.
- Celtic/Gaelic peoples: Irish, Scottish and Welsh.
- French people in France (except German speaking Alsatians, and pro-Nazi French supporters in categories 1 and 2).
- Highlander Polish (Goralenvolk): an attempt to split the Polish nation by using local collaborators.
- Hungarians, Estonians, and Finns (despite their non Indo-European languages), Baltic peoples (Lithuanians and Latvians) and Romanians, Bulgarians and Croats.
- Ukrainians: Many were part of Waffen SS divisions (SS-Galizien), while others were exterminated as partisans suspected in supporting the Red Army.
- Russians, Belarusians (from East Slavic group), Serbs (from South Slavic group) were considered to be Untermensch ("under men") in the standard Nazi ideological texts.[16]
- Poles were considered to be Untermensch ("under men") in Nazi ideology.[17]
- Enemy nationals who happened to fall under the white "Aryan" racial category (i.e. United States of America and Canada), but were living in Germany at the time, were treated with suspicion by legal restrictions.
The categories of "races" deemed unworthy and subject to discrimination.
- Jews-divided into various degrees of religious denomination, Mischlinge or of half/part-Jewish ancestries (esp. of one Jewish parent, highly illegal under the race laws) and Rassenschande or "Aryan" Germans found as converts into Judaism.
- "Lebensunwertes Leben" ("Life unworthy of life"). As well as Jews, it included the Gypsies/Roma, also subject to extermination during Porrajmos. Includes minuscule numbers of darker-skinned German nationals: non-whites from colonial Africa, as well as Arabs and Berbers in North Africa. Homosexuals and disabled people (based on physical and mental illnesses) were also considered to be part of this category, and subject to eugenics policies, including compulsory sterilization, internment and deportation.
Nordicist anthropometrics was used to "improve" the racial make-up of the Germanised section of the population, by absorbing individuals into the German population who were deemed suitably Nordic.
[18]
Germanization also affected the
Sorbs, the minority Slav community living in
Saxony and
Brandenburg, whose Slavic culture and language was suppressed to absorb them into German identity. Tens of thousands suffered internment and imprisonment as well, to become lesser-known victims of Nazi racial laws.