Hey @Bethancourt et al. GREAT thread. Thank you so much.
I am resurrecting it because I wanted to contribute a bit. In PFM, you can see which gun types are assigned to each deck, but not how many there were. So I decided to rush-play about 80 turns until I could build all ship types and came up with this information on the major model types. I thought I'd post it here in case others found it interesting. Note that this is with version 5.2.4 of PFM so the names of some columns are different. Notably the decks are numbered differently than Bethancourt's descriptions in the range section of the OP. For almost all models, deck5 is the lowest and deck1 is the highest, except 1deck32 which oddly uses 2 to indicate the main deck and 5 to indicate the stern castle.
** next to a deck number indicates which gun type controls the range of all the ship's guns. This is simply me adapting Bethancourt's work to the newer PFM deck names.
Code:
1deck24 Carronade Frigate 24 2x 12 guns deck3**
1deck32 6th Rate Frigate 32 2x 13 guns deck2, 2x 3 guns stern castle (deck 5**)
2deck44 5th Rate Admiral/Regular Frigate 48 2x 11 guns deck3, 2x 12 guns deck2**, 2x bow chasers
2deck64 4th Rate 58~ 2x 14 guns deck4**, 2x 14 guns deck3, 2x bow chasers
2deck74 3rd Rate Admiral/Regular 74~ 2x 15 guns deck4, 2x 14 guns deck3, 2x 5 guns deck2**, 2x 2 guns deck1top, 2x bow chasers
3deck80 2nd Rate 90! 2x 14 guns deck5**, 2x 14 guns deck4, 2x 15 guns deck3, 4x bow chasers
3deck100 1st Rate Admiral/Regular 102^ 2x 14 guns deck5, 2x 15 guns deck4, 2x 15 guns deck3, 2x 5 guns deck2**, 4x bow chasers
4deck120 Heavy 1st Rate 124# 2x 16 guns deck5**, 2x 16 guns deck4, 2x 16 guns deck3, 2x 12 guns deck2, 4x bow chasers
~ = ignores stern guns which don't visually exist
! = game claims 86. Maybe doesn't count the bow guns?
^ = game claims 106. Maybe counts 4 invisible stern guns?
# = game claims 122. Not sure why