Originally Posted by
eugenioso
2.) Isengard Uruk Hai were indeed "upgraded" versions of the normal uruks of mordor. Saruman learned how to breed the uruks in his own breeding grounds, and apparently thanks to saruman's magic as well as his inherent genius, he began to cross breed the uruks with goblins, which in turn created a stronger version of the mordor uruk hai. both uruk hai species, mordor and isengard, were far more disciplined than your standard orc, as well as being taller, stronger and less affected by sunlight, which orcs could barely stand. however, the isengard uruks were far better equipped and usually led by the strongest of their breed. also the isengard uruks, at least the first batch that saruman made, were actually quite stronger than the standard uruks, since they were given a long time to breed properly, rather than the rushed uruks that saruman made afterwards. notable uruks that came out of the first breed were Lurtz and Lugburz.
3.) orcs are no smiths. just because they had a massive industrial capacity and a lot of forges, the equipment that the orcs made was of incredibly sub par skill. they MIGHT have been able to "coerce" one of their countless slaves into making a fine blade, but these would never be able to fully mass produce quality equipment. the best equipment was saved for the elite mordor fighters, like the Morannon orcs or even the uruks. most of the orcs, their numbers too vast to fully equip, would have to make do with crude spears and whatever could be looted from the enemy. Isengard is in itself different. Saruman managed to mass produce blades and armor for his troops of somewhat good quality, but he also did not have to arm a truly gigantic force of orcs. his forces were few in number when comparing raw numbers, but they were (as previously mentioned) better bred uruks and were especially tailored to fight as a siege army, with massive armor and shields, as well as the crossbows, which only saruman could produce en masse due to his technical abilities. Also, neither isengard nor mordor had a standarized military force.