The sons of Niall of the Nine Hostages,
Eoghan,
Conall [Gulban], and
Enda, travelled north from the kingdom of Connacht into the western and northern regions of the kingdom of Ulster (county Donegal). It was here in the 5th century that the
Cenél Eóghain and
Cenél Conaill began to establish themselves as overlords in northwestern Ulster. The
Cenél Eóghain established their power base at Inishowen and their capital at Aileach. The
Cenél Conaill centered themselves around the rich area of Magh Ithe, in the valley of the river Finn. The two clans alternated as kings of the North up to the 8th century. The Northern Ui Neill also alternated with their southern cousins as so-called 'sovereigns of Ireland' into the 10th century.
In the 8th century a series of victories were gained by the Cenél Eóghain over the Cenél Conaill in Magh Ithe (east Co. Donegal), splitting their power between the territories of Fanad, in the north, and Tir nAeda, in the south. By the beginning of the 9th century the Cenél Eóghain were the dominant Northern dynasty, as they spread their influence east into modern county Derry, pushing aside the Cruithin east of the river Bann, gaining control over the Ciannachta of mid-Derry, and steadily encroaching on the Airgiallan tribes of Ui Macc Uais. The dominance of the Cenél Eóghain continued as they drove further south, subjugating other Airghiallan tribes, and by the 11th century the Cenél Eóghain had moved their power base from Aileach to that near Tullahogue in modern day county Tyrone (named from Tir Eóghain, or Tir Owen).
The annals cite for the northern Uí Neill:
- For 465, Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages (from whom are descended the Cinel Eoghain), died of grief for Conall Gulban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, and was buried at Uisce Chain, in Inis Eoghain.
- For 527, After Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, son of Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, had been twenty four years in the sovereignty of Ireland, he was burned in the house of Cleiteach, over the Boyne, on the night of Samhain the first of November, after being drowned in wine.
- For 557, The battle of Moin Doire Lothair was gained over the Cruithnigh, by the Uí Neill of the North, i. e. by the Cinel Conaill and Cinel Eoghain, wherein fell seven chieftains of the Cruithnigh, together with Aedh Breac; and it was on this occasion that the Lee and Carn Eolairg were forfeited to the Clanna Neill of the North.
- For 561, After Domhnall and Fearghus, the two sons of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, son of Eoghan, son of Niall, had been three years in the sovereignty of Ireland, they both died.
- For 562, Eochaidh, son of Domhnall, son of Muircheartach, and of Baedan, son of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, had been two years in the sovereignty of Ireland, they were slain by Cronan, chief of Cianachta Glinne Gemhin.
- For 601, The first year of Aedh Uairidhnach, son of Domhnall Ilchealgach, son of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, son of Eoghan, in the sovereignty of Ireland.
- For 634, The battle of Saeltire was gained by Conall Cael, son of Maelcobha, over the Cinel Eoghain.
- For 650, The battle of Fleascach, by Crunnmael, son of Suibhne, chief of Cinel Eoghain, in which was slain Cumascach, son of Oilioll, chief of Uí Cremhthainn.
- For 679, Dunghal, son of Scannal, chief of the Cruithni, and Ceannfaeladh, son of Suibhne, chief of Cianachta Glinne Geimhin, were burned by Maelduin, son of Maelfithrigh, at Dun Ceithirn.
- For 698, Flann, son of Ceannfaeladh, son of Suibhne, chief of Cinel Eoghain, was slain.
- For 698, Aurthuile Ua Crunnmaeil, chief of Cinel Eoghain was driven from his chieftainry into Britain.
Chiefs of Cenél Eóghain
- Obit. 579, Colga, son of Domhnall, son of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach (chief ??).
- For 650, Crunnmael, son of Suibhne, chief of Cinel Eoghain (Clan Feradaigh).
- Obit. 698, Flann, son of Ceannfaeladh, son of Suibhne, chief of Cinel Eoghain.
- Deposed 698, Aurthuile Ua Crunnmaeil, chief of Cinel Eoghain.
- Obit. 698, Flann Finn, son of Maeltuile Ua Crunnmaeil, chief of Cinel Eoghain (Clan Feradaigh).
- Obit. 705, Mael Dúin, son of Maelfithrigh, Lord of the Cinel Eoghain (Cenel Mac Earca).
- Obit 756, Domhnall, son of Muirchertach, lord of the Ui Neill.
- Obit. 783, Mael Dúin, son of Aedh Allan, King of the North.
- For 818/20, Murchadh, son of Maelduin, led the Ui Neill of the North against the Ui Neill of the South.
- For 821, The deposing of Murchadh, son of Maelduin, by Niall Caille, son of Aedh Oirdnidhe, and by the Cinel Eoghain.
- For 825, Niall Caille led the races of Conall and Eoghan against the Airghialla and Ui Eathach Uladh.
- Obit. 865, Mael Dúin, son of Aedh Oirdnidhe, lord of Aileach (Sil Maeli Dúin).
- Obit. 891, Flaithbheartach, son of Murchadh, lord of Aileach.
- For 896, Murchadh, son of Mael Dúin, lord of Cinel Eoghain (a quo Clan Birn).
- For 906, Domhnall, mac Aodha Finnléith, chief of Aileach (Clan Domnaill macÁeda).
- For 913, Niall, mac Aedha, lord of Aileach (Clan Neill).
- For 936, Muirchertach, mac Néill Glúnduibh, lord of Aileach (Clan Neill).
- Obit. 941, Muirchertach na c-Cochall c-Croicenn, mac Néill Glúnduibh, chief of Aileach (Clan Neill).
- For 960, Flaithbheartach, mac Conchobhair, chief of Aileach.
- For 971, Murchadh Glún Illar ua Flaithbheartaigh, lord of Aileach.
- For 987, Fearghal, mac Conaing, chief of Aileach and Cenél Eóghain.
- For 995, Aodh, mac Domhnaill, chief of Aileach.
- Obit. 1000, Fearghal, mac Conaing, chief of Aileach.
- For 1003, Aodh, mac Domhnaill uí Néill, lord of Aileach.
- For 1005/10, Flaithbhertach, mac Muirchertaigh, chief of Aileach (Clan Domnaill macMurchertaich).
- Obit. 1033, Aedh mac Flaithbhertaigh Uí Néill, tigherna Aileach.
- Obit. 1036, Flaithbhertach an Trosttáin Ua Néill, tigherna Aileach.
- For 1044, Niall mac Maoileachlaind, lá tigherna n-Ailigh.
- Obit. 1054, Aedh ua Ferghaile, mic Conaing mic Néill tigherna Ceniuil Eoghain Tealcha Ócc and heir apparent of Aileach.
- Obit. 1061, Niall, mac Maoil Sechlainn, tigherna Oiligh.
- For 1064, Ardghal mac Lochlainn, tigherna Oiligh, d'ecc i t-Tealach Occ.
- Obit 1064, Muirchertach Ua Néill, tigherna Tealcha Occ.
- Obit 1068, Domhnall ua Maoilechlainn, .i. mac Neill mic Maoileachlainn, tigherna Oiligh.
- For 1068, Flaithbhertach Ua Ferghail, tigherna Tealcha Occ.
- Obit. 1078, Conchobhar Ua Briain(?), tigherna Ceneóil n-Eoghain & Tealcha Occ.
- Obit. 1083, Aodh ua Maoilechlainn, tigherna Oiligh.
- For 1088, Domhnall, mac mic Lochlainn, lá rígh n-Ailigh.
- For 1148, Domhnall Ua Gairmledhaigh, chief of Chenel Eoghain.
- For 1164, Muirchertach, mac Néill, lord of Aileach & maithe Cenel Eoghain.
- For 1170, Conchobhar, mac Muirchertaigh Ui Lochlainn, chief of Cenél Eóghain.
- For 1177, Aedh h-Ua Neill, that is, In Macamh Toinlesc, ri Ceneoil Eogain.
Cenél Eóghain Sovereigns of Ireland
- Obit. 465, Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, eponymous ancestor of the Cenél Eóghain.
- 504 to 527, After Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, son of Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages (Cenel Mac Earca).
- 559 to 561, Domhnall and Fearghus, the two sons of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, son of Eoghan, son of Niall (Cenel Mac Earca).
- 562 to 563, Eochaidh, son of Domhnall, son of Muircheartach (Cenel Mac Earca); and Baedan Brighi, son of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach (Cenel Mac Earca).
- 595 to 600, Colman Rimidh, son of Baedan Brighi, son of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, son of Eoghan, son of Niall.
- 601 to 607, Aedh Uairidhnach, son of Domhnall Ilchealgach, son of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach, son of Eoghan (Cenel Mac Earca).
- 709 to 718, Fearghal, son of Maelduin, son of Maelfithrigh, son of Aedh Uairidhnach (Cenel Mac Earca).
- 730 to 738, Aedh Allan, son of Fearghal, son of Maelduin.
- 759 to 765, Niall Frosach, son of Fearghal, son of Maelduin.
- 793 to 817, Aedh Oirdnidhe, son of Niall Frosach, son of Fearghal.
- 832 to 844, Niall Caille, son of Aedh Oirdnidhe, son of Niall Frosach.
- 861 to 876, Aedh Finnliath, son of Niall Caille, son of Aedh Oirdnidhe.
The annals cite for Cenél Conaill:
- For 464, Conall Gulban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages (from whom are descended the Cinel Conaill), was slain by the old tribes of Magh Slecht, he having been found unprotected, and was buried at Fidhnach Maighe Rein, by Saint Caillin, as the Life of the aforesaid saint relates.
- For 564, The first year of Ainmire, son of Sedna, son of Fearghus Ceannfhoda, in the sovereignty of Ireland.
- For 566, After Ainmire, son of Sedna, son of Fearghus Ceannfhoda, was three years in the sovereignty of Ireland, he was slain by Fearghus, son of Nellin.
- For 567, After Baedan, son of Ninnidh, son of Fearghus Ceannfhoda, had been one year in the sovereignty of Ireland, he was slain at Leim An Eich.
- For 568, The first year of Aedh, son of Ainmire, over Ireland. Fearghus, son of Nellin, was slain by Aedh, son of Ainmire, in revenge of his father. Aedh was ancestor of the families O'Gallachubair (O'Gallagher), O'Canannan (O'Cannon) and O'Maeldoraidh (O'Muldory of Loch Erne)
- For 579, The battle of Druim Mic Earca, was gained by Aedh, son of Ainmire, over the Cinel Eogain, where was slain Colga, son of Domhnall, son of Muircheartach, son of Muireadhach.
- For 586, Baedan, son of Níndedha, son? of Conall Gulban, king of Tara.
- For 594, After Aedh, son of Ainmire, son of Sedna, had been twenty seven years in the sovereignty of Ireland, he was slain by Bran Dubh, son of Eochaidh, in the battle of Dun Bolg, in Leinster, after Aedh had gone to exact the Borumha, and to avenge his son Comusgach upon them. Some nobles fell in this battle of Bealach Duin Bolg, together with Beg, son of Cuanach, Lord of Oirghialla.
- For 605, Seachnasach, son of Garbhan, chief of Cinel Boghaine, was slain by Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire.
- For 608, The first year of Maelcobha, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, in the sovereignty of Ireland.
- For 610, After Maelcobha, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, had been three years in the sovereignty of Ireland, he was slain by Suibhne Meann, in the battle of Sliabh Toadh.
- For 624, The first year of Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, in the sovereignty of Ireland.
- For 634, The battle of Magh Rath was gained by Domhnall, son of Aedh, and the sons of Aedh Slaine, over Congal Claen, son of Scannlan, King of Ulidia, where fell Congal, and the Ulidians and foreigners along with him.
- For 639, After Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, had been sixteen years in the sovereignty of Ireland, he died at Ard Fothadh, in Tir Aedha, after the victory of penance, for he was a year in his mortal sickness; and he used to receive the body of Christ every Sunday.
- For 640, The first year of Conall Cael and Ceallach, two sons of Maelcobha, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, over Ireland, in joint sovereignty.
- For 641, Maelbreasail and Maelanfaidh died; and Flann Enaigh was mortally wounded. These were of the Cinel Conaill Gulban.
- For 646, The battle of Dun Crimhthainn was gained by Conall and Ceallach, the two sons of Maelcobha, over Aenghus, son of Domhnall; and Aenghus was slain in this battle; and there was also slain in this same battle Cathasach, son of Domhnall Breac.
Chiefs of Cenél Conaill
- For 670, Loingseach, son of Aenghus, chief of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 742, Aedh Muindearg, son of Flaithbheartach, lord of the North.
- For 744, Domhnall, son of Aedh Muindearg, lord of the North.
- Obit. 749, Loingseach, son of Flaithbheartach, lord of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 762, Murchadh, son of Flaithbheartach, lord of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 799, Domhnall, son of Aedh Muindearg, son of Flaithbheartach, son of Loingseach, son of Aenghus, son of Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, lord of the North.
- Obit. 817, Maelbreasail, son of Murchadh, lord of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 868, Dalach, son of Muircheartach, lord of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 896, Maelbreasail, son of Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 899, Fogartach, son of Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 901, Eigneachan, son of Dalach, son of Muircheartach, lord of Cinel Conaill.
- Obit. 948, Ruaidrí ua Canannáin, descent from Flaithbheartach, son of Loingseach.
- Obit. 955, Maol Coluim Ua Canannáin, chief of Ceneoil Conaill.
- Obit. 962, Muirchertach h-Ua Canannáin, chief of Cenél Conuill.
- For 967, Maoil íosa Ua Canannan, lord of Cenil Conaill.
- Obit. 976, Giolla Colaim Ua Canandáin, chief of Ceneóil Conaill.
- Obit. 978, Tighernán ua Maol Doraidh, chief of Cenél Conaill.
- Obit. 989, Aedh ua Maol Doraidh, chief of Cenél cConaill.
- Obit. 996, Ruaidhri, mac Néill Ui Canandain, chief of Cenel Conaill.
- Obit. 999, Flaithbhertach Ua Canandáin, chief of Cheneoil Conaill, slain by Cenel Budhdéin.
- For 1010/27, Mael Ruanaidh ua Mael Doraidh, lord of Ceniuil Conaill.
- Obit. 1030, Ruaidhri Ua Canannáin, tigherna Cenel Conaill.
- Obit. 1032, Domhnall, mac Maol Ruanaidh Uí Mhaoldoraidh, tigherna Ceniuil Conaill, slain by Cloind Fhianghasa.
- Obit. 1045, Flaithbhertach Ua Canannáin, tigherna Cheneoil Conaill.
- Obit. 1071, Ruaidhri Ua Canannáin, tigherna Ceneoil Conaill.
- For 1153, Flaithbhertach Ua Canannáin, chief of Cenél c-Conaill.
- For 1156, Aedh, mac Ruaidhri Uí Chanannáin, chief of Cenel c-Conaill.
- For 1160, Aithchléreach Ua c-Canannáin, lá tigherna Cenél Conaill.
- Obit. 1075, Donnchadh Ua Canannain, tigherna Ceneoil Conaill.
- Obit. 1083, Domhnall Ua Canannáin tigherna Ceneóil c-Conaill.
- For 1085, Murchadh Ua Maol Doraidh, tigherna Cenel Conaill.
- Obit. 1093, Aodh Ua Canannáin, chief of Cenil Conaill, slain by Domhnall ua Lachlaind, lord of n-Ailigh.
- Obit. 1188, Ruaidhri h-Ua Canannan, lord of Ceneoil Conaill, was slain by Fhlaithbertach h-Ua Mael Doraidh.
- For 1197, Echmarcach h-Ua Dochartaich, lord of Ceneoil Conaill.
- For 1197, Flaithbertach O Mael Doraidh, lord of the North (Conaill & Eogain & Aigiall).
Cenél Conaill Sovereigns of Ireland
- Obit. 464, Conall Gulban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, eponymous ancestor of the Cenél Conaill.
- 564 to 566, Ainmire, son of Sedna, son of Fearghus Ceannfhoda.
- 568 to 594, Aedh, son of Ainmire, son of Sedna
- For 586, Baedan, son of Níndedha, son of Conall Gulban, king of Tara.
- 608 to 610, Maelcobha, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire.
- 624 to 639, Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire
- 640 to 656, Conall Cael and Ceallach, two sons of Maelcobha, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire.
- 694 to 701, Loingseach, son of Aenghus, son of Domhnall, son of Aedh. CC?
- 702 to 708, Congal of Ceann Maghair, son of Fearghus of Fanaid.
- 723 to 729, Flaithbheartach, son of Loingseach, son of Aenghus.
Contemporary writers, e.g. O'Rahilly and Byrne, suggest the three Collas are mere doublets of the three sons of Niall Noigiallach who conquered portions of early Ulster, their names being Eogan, Conall and Enda.
Airghialla (Oriel)
Background on the Three Collas
Ancient Irish tradition tells us that Airghialla (or Oriel) was a territory in northern Ireland founded by the three Collas about the 4th century of the Christian Era, and inhabited by their descendants in later centuries. As is the case with much of Irish saga prior to the 6th century keep in mind the line between myth and history is unclear. The term Airgialla is translated as 'those who give hostages', alluding to a subordinate status of the various groups inhabiting the area. Contemporary writers, e.g. O'Rahilly and Byrne, suggest the three Collas are mere doublets of the three sons of Niall Noigiallach who conquered portions of early Ulster, their names being Eogan, Conall and Enda.
The three sons of Eochaid Duibhlein and Aileach, a daughter of the King of Alba, all bore the name of Colla -
Colla Uais, Colla Meann and
Colla da Crich (Fochríth). The designation Colla, meaning
strong man, was "imposed on them for rebelling," their original names being Cairsall, Aodh and Muredach, respectively. The three Collas went to Scotland to obtain the assistance of their kindred to place Colla Uais on the Irish throne, and with their help placed him there, but he was compelled to give way to a relative, Muredach Tirech, who had a better title to the sovereignty.
The three Collas made war with the High King of Ireland,
Fiachadh, and overthrew and killed him in order to sieze the Kingship for Colla Uais, which he enjoyed for four years.
Muiredach Tirech, the son of the slain king Fiachadh, overthrew the three Collas and their followers. About the year 327 the three Collas were exiled to Alba (Scotland). They were received into their maternal grandfather's court, the court of the Scots and Picts.
The Irish Annals record for the year 327, "The fourth year of Colla Uais, in the sovereignty of Ireland, when
Muireadhach Tireach expelled him and his brothers into Alba (
?) with three hundred along with them."
The annals continue for the same year, "At the end of this year the
three Collas came (back) to Ireland; and there lived not of their forces but thrice nine persons only. They then went to Muireadhach, having been instructed by a druid. And they scolded at him, and expressed evil words, that he might kill them, and that it might be on him the curse of the finghal should alight. As he did not oppose them, they tarried with him, and were faithful to him."
"The Collas first went to their kin in Connaught [King Muiredeach] and there gathered a great army for the invasion of Ulster. On the plain of Farney in Monaghan they met the Ulstermen under their king, Fergus, and on seven successive days broke battle upon them, finally slaying Fergus and putting the Ultach (Ulstermen) to complete rout. Of the conquered portion of Ulster, from
Louth in the south to
Derry in the north, and from
Loch Neagh to
Loch Erne, the Collas made themselves the new kingdom of
Oirgialla (Oriel)."
The
Airghialla were a loose federation of tuath, largely located in the modern province of Ulster. Their territory, depending on timeframe, included much of what includes the modern counties of Monaghan, Armagh and Fermanagh. In addition, other places where Arghialla groups have been noted included areas within the modern counties of Tyrone, Cavan, Meath, Westmeath, Louth, and Derry.
A steady push by the
Cenél nEógain in the 7th and 8th centuries reduced the size of the Aighiallan federation as the people of northern Airghialla came to be treated as sub-kingdoms of the Cenél nEógain. During a similar period the southern branches of the Airghialla came under the dominion of the southern Uí Néill kingdoms of
Mide and Brega. By the 9th century Airgialla proper, as a political entity, was practically confined to the modern counties Armagh, Monaghan, Fermanagh, and part of Louth, with the Uí Thuirtri kingdom in east Tyrone in process of being absorbed into the Cenél nEógain over-kingdom of Ailech.