since we are elevating this debate to the level of moral discussion, it's necessary to first establish a moral framework in regards to the relations between humans and sea creatures, especially shark in this case.
as we all know, fishing has been the constant part of our society since the beginning of human history. How important is fishing in our lives, i will let this source speak for me:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/...ercial-fishing
"Fishing is one of the primary forms of food production; it ranks with farming and probably predates it. The fishing industry employs more than 5 million people worldwide. The major countries engaged in marine fishing are Japan, China, the U.S., Chile, Peru, India, South Korea, Thailand, and the countries of northern Europe. The aquatic life harvested includes both marine and freshwater species of fish, shellfish, mammals, and seaweed. They are processed into food for human consumption, animal feeds, fertilizers, and ingredients for use in other commercial commodities."
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Thus, the relationship between human and sea creatures in general is, for most part in history to this day, that of consumption for our needs, being basic survival, additional nutrition, delicacy, recreation, or many other purposes. It's key to our economy, to our health, and to our standard of living.
In essence, unfortunately, sea creatures of various kinds have been killed for our consumption throughout our history and is not likely to go away any time soon. Perhaps that's why MURDERING a fish, is never considered a crime of punishment in every country (exceptions will be discussed later in the post). Thus, the moral concern of killing a fish is not really on par in that of what many consider the ultimate breach of morality, killing a human being. In fact, it perhaps rank faaaaaaaaar beyond that, to the extent that each year, an average human being consumes the number of fish he or she probably can't even recount, showing the degree of lack of general concern in destroying the lives of "poor" fish from the river and sea.
establishing that, now we move on to the next level of this discussion, is fishing for the purpose of additional nutrition, pleasure (delicacy), status symbol and other non-survival purposes a problem? That's NOT a difficult question to ask before the recent years. Almost every culture who has access to seafood at certain point in history has developed its own cuisine made from fish. Are they really all that necessary for physical survival? Not really. But as humans, if we are all created equal and with certain fundamental rights and needs, pursuing of happiness is certainly within our nature and rights; pursuing a degree of pleasure from delicacy of seafood is rarely seen as morally unacceptable, especially from the perspective of killing fish. This goes back to the previous point, fish simply worth less in our moral system. We can't kill humans for pleasure, but eating fish for that has never been seen as a problem just because the fish is being killed.
moving on, now what about the method of fishing and processing?
In the past, cruelty against animal has not really been much of a concern. With our standard of living going up in the past century, our consciousness of animals' well being suddenly is on the agenda, with the concerns of our own survival being less of an issue obviously. This is especially popular, the new love for animal, in developed countries. People in developing countries of course care less; if they can't even feed themselves, what's the point of worrying about dogs, cats and other creatures (goes back to point #1, human lives are the most important). With this new concern for animals' well being arising, several views prompt up, i will just generalize them as extreme and mainstream.
extreme: Groups such as PETA, view animals as equal with humans, condemn all killing, preaching vegetarianism. This is not mainstream because the dominant morality system in the world is still that humans are the most important creature while animals are less.
mainstream: We will still eat meat and kill animals, but the method shall be the least painful one as we should avoid excessive cruelty in the unfortunate fact that WE MUST KILL THEM as a part of functioning basis of our society, our survival, and our pursuit of happiness. This view also branches out, arguing that endangered animals should be protected, a sign that environmentalism is becoming more mainstream. We shall now lead into the question of shark finning.
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Shark finning is the process of cutting the fins off from the shark. I will use our above morality framework to evaluate it.
#1. is the life of a shark as valuable as a human?
NO.
sharks traditionally have been viewed in our morality system as other sea creature,
http://www.wildaid.org/endangeredspe...ID=5&MORE=Show
"Millions of people from coastal communities see the shark as a cheap of source protein. In many cultures dependent on subsistence fishing, sharks are used in their entirety; their meat, fins, liver, skin, teeth and cartilage."
#2. is shark fishery a traditional part of human history?
see above.
#3. is killing a shark generally considered immoral in history?
nope, in fact, it's always viewed as a dangerous and feared creature in the past.
#4. is consumption of shark parts considered immoral?
As per #1, it's in fact the livelihood of many people and a delicacy in asia since Ming dynasty.
#5. why is shark finning is suddenly now an issue?
It's mainly the decline of shark population, "worldwide catches by industrial fishing fleets have escalated phenomenally over the past 20 years, and many of the world's shark and ray species are now severely depleted."
also there are concerns of the method in which it is killed, specifically the live finning of many sharks, who are thrown overboard once their fins were cut and they were left to die in a slow and painful manner.
#6. does that all of sudden make shark finning immoral?
I disagree on this point.
First, shark fishery and shark finning self are NOT immoral based on the general morality framework detailing the relationship between human and sea creatures. It's nature we eat them. It's even more natural we eat them to seek pleasure and fulfill our lives.
Second, the two issues of extinction and cruelty are not unavoidable.
For one, "Three notable species of shark are classified as Endangered: the Great White, Whale and Basking sharks", we must ban hunting of those that are classified as endangered and set quote for ones that are being hunted beyond the standard of sustainability. If we can hunt sharks for centuries with no problem, why can't we go back to the previous stage of cycle of hunting and re-producing for sharks?
More importnatly, "An estimated 50% of all sharks taken are caught unintentionally as 'bycatch' in other fisheries. Shark bycatches are often caught in longline fisheries such as tuna and swordfish, and as these popular fish become increasingly depleted, restricted, or seasonally unavailable, fishermen are turning to sharks as an alternative. Sharks caught as bycatch are often 'finned', and the rest of their bodies, often still alive, are subsequently thrown overboard." It's key to restrict FISHING in general, as more and more desperate measure of fishing (larger nets, smaller holes and larger and more frequent fishing trips) are causing more and more bycatch, which is a KEY reason in the sharp drop of shark population.
Specifically, a strong ban on killing of bycatch sharks for fin should be instituded, bycaught shark should be released if still alive. Per previous source, "The major shark fishing nations are Indonesia, followed by India, the U.S., Pakistan, Mexico and Taiwan Province of China. Other important countries are Japan, Argentina, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Malaysia, France, the UK, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, Spain, New Zealand and the Maldives." All those countries must bear responsibility for this.
For the issue of cruelty,
http://www.iwmc.org/PDF/StraitsTPress.pdf
The finning of dead shark would be on the standard of humane as it would not cause a painful and slow death. Most live finning is done as per article by fishermen who bycatch shark and commit crime in illegally live finning. If the law is more strictly enforced, this would be less of an issue. Countries listed in the previous paragraph must be responsible for that. We can enjoy shark fin soup without making shark suffer unnecessarily painful death.
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to summarize:
I believe shark fishery and finning, if following proper protocol of sustainability and minimizing cruelty, is as big a moral issue as killing any other fish for our consumption. More importantly, consumption for pleasure is not a sin. The key is to avoid doing so at the expense of causing unrepairable damage to the eco system and unnecessary pain to sharks. If we avoid those, i can say it proudly, i eat shark fin soup without shame as what people have done for centuries.
thanks for ratbag for this debate btw.