In full XC tradition to depict cultures in full depth here's a new building proposal: The military settlement
Klerukoi/Katiotai were an important part of the Diadochii military apparatus, a vital source of reliable troops.
These soldiers were taken from land grants given to military settlers.
While most of them were of course hellenic soldiers, there are some important exceptions which made part of factional military elites.
Carthage practiced this too, by placing loyal lybian, iberian or liby-phoenician settlers to help keeping control of a certain region.
Establishing a klerukeia is not a simple or quick process but is very much akin to colonization.
The advantages are clear, as once you have military settlers established in a territory you can rely on a steady flow of loyal and reliable troops.
This however has a cost: a military settlement takes very long time to build up and has the nasty habit of importing the native culture as well.
What are the differences between a colony and a military settlement?
1) military settlements takes longer to build: 12 turns for each level. Don't forget you're also importing the native military traditions there.
2) military settlements have no economical bonus: forget tax bonuses, a military settlement gets a -1 farming penalty as the native peasants are replaced by part time ones.
3) military settlements imply importing large numbers of the natives in a territory, which implies a +1 culture for the native culture in that settlement per level.
Military settlements by faction:
Carthage:
Iberian
Lybian (no culture bonus but a -1 trade bonus per level)
Macedon:
Thracian
Seleucid:
Galatian
Ptolemaic:
Galatian
I'm open to suggestions as always!