INFLATION
It is best to keep your inflation at 0.00 a year. Inflation can quickly become a beast that essentially destroys your income and development of technology. Inflation can be helped with the National Idea of National Bank (-.10 Inflation) but for most countries it comes a little too late. If you have 30 inflation, it will take 300 years to fix it using only NB.
However, many countries do not have the luxury of avoiding inflation due to the fact they need to mint to achieve a positive income. If one has a negative income and has to take out a loan when their treasure runs low; it is essentially the same as adding inflation.
Tips to lowering and controlling inflation:
1.) Reduce the maintenance level of armies and navies during times of peace. Their morale will be much lower, but you can save a lot of money and thus not have to mint as much!
2.) Grab National Bank if your inflation is extremely difficult to manage
3.) Never let your inflation increase by any more than .1 a year unless you need to to prevent bankruptcy.
4.) Get to Government Tech Level 24 (EU3+VA)/27 (IN) and build Tax Assessors! These will reduce inflation quite a bit.
5.) Go to war with small nations, especially pagan nations in the New World (read: Aztecs) and, instead of annexing them, demand a king's ransom in gold. Pagan nations cut off from Europe will produce income that they can't spend due to their technology levels. Not every successful war has to end with annexation or just the ceding of provinces. This increased capital will allow you to lower your minting.
6.) Moving your policy slider towards Centralization will reduce inflation as well. Be aware of its penalties, however.
7.) You can keep the income slider from moving by right clicking on it! This can be done for every single slider in EU3, HoI2, and Victoria. Hell, maybe with CK too.
8.) Probably one of the bigger, more common mistakes: Don't mint just to attain a positive monthly income. You should be able to rely on your yearly tax income to keep your economy afloat.
<MORE COMING WHEN I HAVE THE TIME>
WESTERNIZATION
Westernization is a great idea for non-Latin countries that are trying to get on par with their Western European counterparts. I'll quickly show you the steps to becoming Western.
Tip 1: Get a western neighbor.
This may be harder than it sounds. You want a western neighbor that won't invade you and overrun you. However, you won't have to worry about this if you, yourself, are also powerful. There are two ways I know of forcing a shared border between a Latin tech group neighbor and yourself.
The most direct way works if you're sufficiently powerful -- go to war with a weak neighbor of a Western country that isn't the same religion as your target. If you go to war with someone of the same faith their relation will drop with you once you annex or force them to cede territory.
The second, more indirect way of going about doing this, is to sell a useless, isolated province to a western neighbor (can't be an island!). This will give you a shared border. You just have to perform step 2 quickly if they are strong.
(TIP: It would behoove you to establish a shared border with a weak nation rather than a large nation that may want to start conquering your surrounding territory.)
Step 2: Build relations to above 100. (If not in Eastern or Muslim tech group)
This can be done in a myriad of ways, but some ways are just not possible with negative relations.
-200 - 0: Accept any diplomatic offers from your targeted nation unless it would be damaging to your nation. Also, send gifts to the nation.
0 - 99: Continue to send gifts if you have the gold. Starting with either 3.1 or 3.2 you can also get a small boost from guaranteeing independence and it doesn't cost money. Offering military access or royal marriages also work. If you can manage it, establish an alliance as well!
Step 3: Wait for a ruler with an Administration level of at least 5 (if not Eastern or Muslim)
The Western Influences (Napoleon's Ambition), Westernization, and Western Culture events all have different requirements, let's start with Western Influences.
Western Culture is a Napoleon's Ambition country event in which an New World, African or Asian Tech nation can become a Latin Tech nation.
The Mean-Time-To-Happen (MTTH): 180 months = 15 years
- An Administrative setting of 7 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- An Administrative setting of 8 decreases MTTH by 36 months.
- A Military setting of 7 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- A Military setting of 8 decreases MTTH by 36 months.
- Having a Statesman advisor decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider of -3 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider of -4 decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider of -5 decreases MTTH by 36 months.
If you have an Administration and Military level of 8, a Statesman adviser, and a Innovated/Narrow-minded level of -5, your MTTH will be reduced to 54 months (4.5 years).
- A Military setting of 4 increases MTTH by 18 months.
- A Military setting of 3 increases MTTH by 36 months.
- Not having a Statesman advisor increases MTTH by 18 months.
Having a bad military ruler and no statesman adviser could prolong this process by 54 months as well.
Consequences of accepting Western Culture:
- Technology group changed to Latin.
- Increase Tax Base and Manpower in a random province by 1.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider changed by -1 (moved 1 step to the left).
- Lose 2 Stability points.
- One Receives the 'Western Influences' event modifier for 200 days with the following effects:
- Increase Merchant Placement Chance by 4%.
- Increase Merchant Compete Chance by 4%.
- Increase Merchant Cost by 20%.
- Increase cost of Infantry, Cavalry, Big Ships and Light Ships by 10% each.
Western Influences is the Easternization event for Muslim tech group countries.
Requirements are different from the previous event!!
- One must be in the Muslim Technology group.
- One's Innovated/Narrowminded slider must be set no greater than -3.
- One's Monarch must have both a Military and an Administrative setting of at least 6.
MTTH: 180 months -- 15 years
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider of -4 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider of -5 decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- Having a level 5 Army Reformer decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- Having a level 6 Army Reformer decreases MTTH by 36 months.
- Having a level 5 Statesman decreases MTTH by 36 months.
- Having a level 6 Statesman decreases MTTH by 54 months.
- Having any other Statesman adviser decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- Having a Monarch with an Administrative setting of 8 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- Having a Monarch with an Administrative setting of 9 decreases MTTH by 36 months.
- Having a Neighbor in the Latin or Eastern Tech group decreases MTTH 18 months.
Best-case scenario: 0 months. So therefore, I assume it would happen immediately.
- Not having a Statesman advisor increases MTTH by 18 months.
Worst-case scenario: 198 months = 16.5 years
Consequences:
- Technology group changed to Eastern.
- Increase Tax Base and Manpower in a random province by 1.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider changed by -1 (moved 1 step to the left).
- Lose 2 Stability points.
- One Receives the 'Western Influences' event modifier for 200 days with the following effects:
- Increase Merchant Placement Chance by 4%.
- Increase Merchant Compete Chance by 4%.
- Increase Merchant Cost by 20%.
- Increase cost of Infantry, Cavalry, Big Ships and Light Ships by 10% each.
Waves of Influence is the Westernization event for Eastern tech-group countries. (Read: Eastern European, not Asian)
Requirements:
- One must be in the Eastern Technology group.
- One's Innovated/Narrowminded slider must be set no greater than -1.
- One must have a level 5 Statesman advisor.
- One's Monarch must have an Administrative setting of at least 7.
MTTH: 180 months = 15 years
- A level 6 Statesman decreases MTTH by 36 months.
- A Monarch with an Administrative setting of 8 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- A Monarch with an Administrative setting of 9 decreases MTTH by 36 months.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider of -3 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider of -4 decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- Centralization/Decentralization slider of -3 decreases MTTH by 9 months.
- Centralization/Decentralization slider of -4 decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- Having a neighbor in the Latin Tech group decreases MTTH 18 months.
- A Naval Reformer Advisor decreases MTTH by 18 months.
- An Army Reformer Advisor decreases MTTH by 18 months.
Best case scenario: 18 months = 1.5 years
- Not having a Naval Reformer Advisor increases MTTH by 18 months.
- Not having an Army Reformer Advisor increases MTTH by 18 months.
Worst-case scenario: 216 months = 18 years
Consequences:
- Technology group changed to Latin.
- Increase Tax Base and Manpower in a random province by 1.
- Innovated/Narrowminded slider changed by -1 (moved 1 step to the left).
- Lose 2 Stability points.
- One Receives the 'Western Influences' event modifier for 200 days with the following effects:
- Increase Merchant Placement Chance by 4%.
- Increase Merchant Compete Chance by 4%.
- Increase Merchant Cost by 20%.
- Increase cost of Infantry, Cavalry, Big Ships and Light Ships by 10% each.
Feel free to request tips on aspects of EU3.